CN109583016B - Method for determining and quantitatively calculating space geometric form of fracture-cavity body - Google Patents
Method for determining and quantitatively calculating space geometric form of fracture-cavity body Download PDFInfo
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- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 151
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The method for determining and quantitatively calculating the spatial geometric shape of the fracture-cave body solves the problems of determining and quantitatively calculating the spatial geometric shape of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body, and has the characteristics of good practicability and high precision. The method comprises the following steps: 1. static division: statically dividing fracture-cavity body distribution by pre-stack and post-stack seismic data, combining with the data of fracture, structure, karst facies zone and ancient landform achievement in a research area, and according to an effective fracture threshold value obtained by intersection fitting of fracture porosity and fracture development relative density results at a drilled well point; 2. dynamic correction: on the basis of static division, comprehensively analyzing connectivity of the slot body, and correcting and verifying the rationality of the static division of the slot body; 3. quantitatively engraving: on the basis of dynamic correction, the slot body is subjected to space carving, the space distribution of the geometric form of the slot body in a research area is determined, and the size of the effective pore volume of the required slot body is quantitatively calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum exploration, in particular to a method for determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric form of a fracture-cavity body.
Background
Statistical data show that the oil and gas reserves of the carbonate reservoir layer account for more than half of the total reserves of the world, and the oil and gas yield of the carbonate reservoir layer also accounts for about 60 percent of the total oil and gas yield. With further implementation of the national oil and gas energy strategy, new requirements are provided for the research of the carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir stratum, how to carry out further carving on the fracture-cave body of the carbonate rock reservoir stratum, how to spread the space geometric shape of the fracture-cave body and how to carry out quantitative calculation on the pore volume of the fracture-cave body, and the problems objectively require the determination and quantitative calculation on the space geometric shape of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body and timely meet the research requirements on well position and reserves.
In the existing carbonate rock fracture-cave reservoir research technical method, seismic inversion is often applied for research, the space geometric form of a fracture-cave body is rarely further determined, the pore volume of the fracture-cave body is quantitatively calculated, and the two points have great significance for well position target point optimization, while-drilling analysis, high-efficiency well and low-efficiency well analysis of a drilled oil reservoir and reserve supporting research.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric form of the fracture-cave body solves the problems of determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric form of the carbonate fracture-cave body, has the characteristics of good practicability and high precision, and can quickly and accurately perform well position target point optimization, analysis while drilling, high-efficiency well and low-efficiency well analysis after drilling and support reserve research service for the well position deployment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. a method for determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric form of a fracture-cavity body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. static division: carbonate rock crack and hole prediction result data made from pre-stack and post-stack seismic data are combined with the fracture, structure, karst facies zone and ancient landform result data of a research area, and an oil gas favorable area, a fracture and cave enrichment zone, a fracture and cave system and a fracture and cave body are statically divided into four-level distribution of the research area according to an effective fracture threshold value obtained by intersection fitting of fracture porosity and fracture development relative density results at a drilled well point;
2. dynamic correction: on the basis of static division, combining oil and gas well development dynamic data, acid fracturing engineering data and interference well testing analysis result data, performing comprehensive analysis on connectivity of the fracture-cave body, correcting and verifying the rationality of the static division of the fracture-cave body, and determining the plane spread of the geometric form of the fracture-cave body;
3. quantitatively carving: on the basis of dynamic correction, the slot body is subjected to space carving, the space distribution of the geometric form of the slot body in a research area is determined, and the size of the effective pore volume of the required slot body is quantitatively calculated.
2. The first step comprises the following steps:
1) Obtaining carbonate reservoir fracture prediction achievement data based on pre-stack seismic achievement data, wherein the carbonate reservoir fracture prediction achievement data comprises fracture development relative density and fracture development direction;
2) Performing intersection fitting on the well point fracture development relative density result (F _ den) extracted from the well logging obtained fracture porosity result data (FORF) and the fracture development relative density data obtained in the step 1) to obtain an effective fracture development relative density threshold value, and using the effective fracture development relative density threshold value as a key parameter value for determining the fracture space geometric form spread;
3) Selecting result data with good amplitude preservation and clear slit-hole imaging based on the post-stack seismic result data, and making carbonate reservoir hole prediction result data according to the amplitude gradient attribute;
4) Obtaining effective crack distribution and hole distribution based on the effective crack development relative density threshold values and the hole prediction result data of the 2) and the 3); according to a structural diagram, a fracture diagram, an ancient apparent diagram, a karst phase-zone diagram and crack and hole prediction result data of a research area, the distribution of carbonate rock crack bodies in the research area is divided.
3. Step two, performing connectivity analysis on the slotted hole body according to the interference well testing analysis result data of the oil and gas well, and correcting the statically divided slotted hole body;
4. step two, verifying the rationality of the static division of the fracture body according to the acid fracturing engineering data;
5. and in the second step, analyzing the connectivity of the fracture-cavity body according to the oil-gas well oil pressure curve, the oil nozzle size curve and the liquid production amount data of the oil-gas well development dynamic data, and correcting and verifying the rationality of the partition of the fracture-cavity body.
6. In the third step, the effective pore volume of the needed fracture-cavity body is quantitatively calculated, which comprises
1) Based on pre-stack seismic result data, establishing an oil reservoir geological model by combining logging data, oil reservoir description result data of drilled wells and production wells and oil-gas production dynamic data, and performing pre-stack seismic inversion to obtain the porosity result data of the slot-hole body of the research area;
2) And based on the data of the porosity achievement of the fracture-cavity body, quantitatively calculating the effective pore volume of the fracture-cavity body according to the effective porosity parameter of the well logging interpretation achievement of the fracture-cavity body to obtain the effective pore volume data achievement of the required fracture-cavity body.
7. And in the third step, quantitatively carving the required fracture-cavity body according to the result of the quantitative calculation of the effective pore volume of the required fracture-cavity body, and performing three-dimensional imaging according to the effective pore volume parameter, the effective fracture parameter, the fracture prediction result data body and the hole prediction result data body to obtain a three-dimensional visual layout diagram of the space geometric form of the required fracture-cavity body.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the method for determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric shape of the fracture-cave body solves the problems of determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric shape of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body, is applied to well location target point optimization, analysis while drilling, high-efficiency well and low-efficiency well analysis of a drilled oil reservoir in well location deployment by determining the space geometric shape of the fracture-cave body and quantitatively calculating the fracture-cave body, has the characteristics of good practicability, high precision, rapidness and accuracy, and can support research on the reserves in a research area. The method is derived from scientific research and production practices such as well location deployment, reserve research, oil and gas reservoir analysis and the like, can quickly and accurately perform well location target point optimization, analysis while drilling, high-efficiency well and low-efficiency well analysis of the oil reservoir after drilling and support reserve research service.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical scheme of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross plot of uphole fracture porosity and predicted fracture development relative density.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the distribution of carbonate fracture caverns in the research area.
FIG. 4 is a plan layout of the slotted-hole body A + B.
FIG. 5 is a layout of the spatial geometry of the slot-hole volume in the study area.
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional visualization layout of the spatial geometry of the slot body A + B.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a technical scheme of the method of the present invention.
The determination of the space geometric shape of the carbonate rock fracture-cave body refers to how to determine the spreading of the geometric shape of the fracture-cave body in space; the quantitative calculation of the fracture-cavity body refers to the quantitative calculation of the effective pore volume of the fracture-cavity body.
The static data refers to static data, including: the structure chart, the fracture chart, the ancient apparent chart, the karst phase-contrast diagram, the seismic data, the well logging data, the crack and hole prediction data and other achievement data.
The crack development relative density is a ratio relation in a software technical algorithm, and has no unit of numerical value, wherein the crack development relative density is obtained by predicting based on pre-stack earthquake result data, and the crack development direction is clockwise rotated to 360 degrees by taking the north direction as 0 degree.
The effective fractures described below are connected fractures, which contribute to oil and gas production. On the contrary, the disconnected fractures and the fractures which do not contribute to the oil gas productivity are ineffective fractures.
The dynamic data includes: oil pressure curve, nozzle size curve, liquid production amount, acid fracturing engineering data, interference well testing analysis result and other achievement data of the oil and gas well in the research area.
The invention discloses a method for determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric form of a fracture-cavity body, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, static division
1. And (5) predicting crack development achievement data.
And (3) obtaining carbonate reservoir fracture prediction result data including fracture development relative density and fracture development direction from pre-stack seismic result data by applying an EPoffit FRS + software system fracture analysis technology.
2. And intersecting to obtain a determined value of the geometric form spread of the crack space.
And intersecting the well-logging explained fracture porosity result data (FORF) and the fracture development relative density data (F _ den) extracted from the well point to obtain an effective fracture development relative density threshold value of the fracture prediction result data, which is used as a determination value of the effective fracture space geometric form distribution. In the example, the cross plot of the porosity of the fracture on the well and the predicted relative density of fracture development is shown in fig. 2, and the threshold value of the effective relative density of fracture development is greater than 1.12, which is used as the determination value of the spatial geometrical shape distribution.
1) Wherein the well-interpreted fracture porosity effort data (FORF): the porosity of the I-grade crack is more than 0.1 percent; the porosity of the II-grade crack is between 0.04 and 0.1 percent; the grade III crack porosity is less than 0.04%; wherein, the I grade and II grade cracks are effective cracks, and the III grade crack is an ineffective crack.
2) And (3) extracting the relative density data (F _ den) of the crack development at the well point corresponding to the well logging by applying an EPoffit FRS + software system technology in the relative density achievement data of the crack development.
3) The fracture porosity achievement data (FORF) is intersected with the relative density of fracture development data (F _ den) at the well point to obtain: the relative development density of the cracks of the I level and the II level is between 1.12 and 1.48, and the cracks are effective cracks; the grade III crack develops a relative density of less than 1.12 and is an ineffective crack.
4) The I-grade cracks and the II-grade cracks are effective cracks, and the obtained effective crack density threshold value is larger than 1.12 and is used as a determination value of the geometrical form distribution of the crack space.
1. And (5) predicting hole development result data.
And (3) making carbonate reservoir hole prediction result data by using post-stack seismic result data and applying an LD-Seisattributate module analysis technology in an EPoffice Image + software system.
2. And statically dividing the fracture-cavity body.
Determining values and hole prediction result data according to the effective crack space geometric form spread of more than 1.12 to obtain effective crack spread and hole distribution; according to the structure diagram, the fracture diagram, the ancient apparent diagram, the karst phase-diagram and the prediction result data of the slotted holes, the slotted hole body distribution of the research area is divided, and the plan view is shown in figure 3.
Step two, dynamic correction
On the basis of statically dividing the fracture-cavity body, dynamic data including an oil-gas well oil pressure curve, a choke size curve, a liquid production amount and acid fracturing engineering data and interference well testing analysis result data are developed in a combined mode, the connectivity of the fracture-cavity body is analyzed in a comprehensive mode, the rationality of the fracture-cavity body division is verified, the fracture-cavity body division is corrected, and finally the geometric form of the fracture-cavity body is further determined.
1. And (5) performing connectivity analysis and correction division on the fracture-cavity body according to the interference well testing analysis result data. If the adjacent seam and hole bodies have interference, the two adjacent seam and hole bodies are communicated, and if the adjacent seam and hole bodies do not have interference, the two adjacent seam and hole bodies are not communicated, so that the connectivity of the similar seam and hole bodies is determined. And (4) modifying and dividing the communicated adjacent fracture-cavity bodies into one fracture-cavity body, or else, modifying and dividing the adjacent fracture-cavity bodies into two independent fracture-cavity bodies.
2. And verifying the rationality of the split hole body division according to the acid fracturing engineering data. When the acid fracturing process of reservoir modification is carried out, if the following characteristics exist: the acid liquor discharge amount is high and stable, the pump pressure is obviously reduced after rising, the pump stopping pressure is low, the construction is indicated to be communicated with the adjacent slotted hole bodies, otherwise, the construction is not communicated, and therefore the rationality of statically dividing the slotted hole bodies is verified.
3. And correcting the split cavity body partition rationality according to oil-gas well development dynamic data, namely according to an oil-gas well oil pressure curve, a choke size curve and a liquid production amount. Under the condition that the size of a nozzle of the oil-gas well is not changed, the production oil pressure (MPa) is increased, the daily oil production is increased, the characteristic shows that due to the change of the pressure around the fracture-cavity body, the adjacent fracture-cavity bodies are communicated to form a fracture-cavity body, the fracture-cavity body is divided into one fracture-cavity body by correction, and otherwise, the fracture-cavity body is not divided into the other fracture-cavity bodies. In the embodiment, the original fracture-cavity body a and the fracture-cavity body B are dynamically modified and then are subdivided into the fracture-cavity bodies a + B, and a plan enlarged view for determining the geometric distribution of the fracture-cavity bodies a + B is shown in fig. 4.
Step three, quantitatively carving
1. And (5) carving the space geometric shape of the seam hole body. And (4) based on the distribution result of the slot body obtained in the step two, applying an LD-ResViz carving technology of an EPoffit FRS + software system to firstly obtain the spatial geometric form distribution of the slot body in the research area. The spatial geometry of the slot-hole body in the study area is shown in figure 5. In fig. 5, lines represent effective fissures in development and spheres are holes in development.
2. Quantitative calculation of effective pore volume of required fracture and hole body
1) Based on pre-stack seismic result data, establishing an oil reservoir geological model by combining logging data, oil reservoir description result data of drilled wells and production wells and oil-gas production dynamic data, and performing pre-stack seismic inversion by applying an EPoffit EPS + software system to obtain the porosity result data of the fracture-cavity body of the research area;
2) Based on the above data of the porosity result of the fracture-cavity body, the effective porosity parameter of the interpretation result of the well logging of the fracture-cavity body is used as a key parameter, in this embodiment, the effective porosity parameter is greater than or equal to 1.8%, the effective porosity parameter is input into a software system, and the effective pore volume of the fracture-cavity body is quantitatively calculated by using the epofice Image + software technology, so as to obtain the data result of the effective pore volume of the required fracture-cavity body.
3. Quantitatively carving the seam body A + B.
Based on the results 1 and 2, inputting effective pore volume parameters of the fracture-cavity body, effective fracture parameters, a fracture prediction result data body and a pore prediction result data body, applying an LD-ResViz carving technology of an EPofice FRS + software system to carry out three-dimensional imaging, and obtaining the spatial geometric shape distribution of the fracture-cavity body A + B and the effective pore volume n M 3 As shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, the light gray and dark gray upright patches are three-dimensional effective fracture spreads, and the dark gray patches indicate that the relative developmental density of the effective fractures is numerically greater than that of light gray; the dark grey irregular spheres are three-dimensional spread of holes, the three-dimensional spread of holes forms a spread of a spatial geometry of the slotted hole body, the spread is clearly displayed, the effective pore volume of the slotted hole body A + B is obtained through calculation, and the research precision is further improved. It can be seen that in the static division stage, only according to the static division in the first step, the divided hole body a and the divided hole body B are two hole bodies, and through the dynamic correction in the second step, the hole body a and the hole body B are a large hole body a + B which are communicated.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments enable a person skilled in the art to more fully understand the invention, without restricting it in any way. All technical solutions and modifications thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for determining and quantitatively calculating the space geometric form of a fracture-cavity body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, static division: carbonate rock crack and hole prediction achievement data made by pre-stack and post-stack seismic data are combined with fracture, structure, karst facies zone and ancient landform achievement data of a research area, and four-level distribution of an oil-gas favorable area, a fracture-cave enrichment zone, a fracture-cave system and a fracture-cave body is statically divided for the research area according to effective fracture threshold values obtained by intersection fitting of fracture porosity and fracture development relative density results at drilled well points;
step two, dynamic correction: on the basis of static division, combining oil and gas well development dynamic data, acid fracturing engineering data and interference well testing analysis result data, performing comprehensive analysis on connectivity of the fracture-cave body, correcting and verifying the rationality of the static division of the fracture-cave body, and determining the plane spread of the geometric form of the fracture-cave body;
step three, quantitatively carving: on the basis of dynamic correction, space carving is carried out on the fracture-cavity body, space distribution of the geometric form of the fracture-cavity body in a research area is determined, and quantitative calculation is carried out on the size of the effective pore volume of the required fracture-cavity body;
in the second step, connectivity analysis of the slotted hole body is carried out according to the interference well testing analysis result data of the oil and gas well, and the statically divided slotted hole body is corrected;
in the second step, the rationality of the static division of the fracture body is verified according to the acid fracturing engineering data;
in the second step, analyzing connectivity of the fracture-cavity body and correcting and verifying the rationality of the partition of the fracture-cavity body according to an oil-gas well oil pressure curve, a choke size curve and liquid production amount data of oil-gas well development dynamic data;
in the third step, the effective pore volume of the needed fracture-cavity body is quantitatively calculated, which comprises
1) Based on pre-stack seismic result data, establishing an oil reservoir geological model by combining logging data, oil reservoir description result data of drilled wells and production wells and oil-gas production dynamic data, and performing pre-stack seismic inversion to obtain the porosity result data of the slot-hole body of the research area;
2) Based on the data of the porosity result of the fracture-cavity body, quantitatively calculating the effective pore volume of the fracture-cavity body according to the effective porosity parameter of the well logging interpretation result of the fracture-cavity body to obtain the effective pore volume data result of the required fracture-cavity body;
and in the third step, quantitatively carving the required fracture-cavity body according to the result of the quantitative calculation of the effective pore volume of the required fracture-cavity body, and performing three-dimensional imaging according to the effective pore volume parameter, the effective fracture parameter, the fracture prediction result data body and the hole prediction result data body to obtain a three-dimensional visual layout diagram of the space geometric form of the required fracture-cavity body.
2. The method for determining and quantitatively calculating the spatial geometry of a fracture-cavity body according to claim 1, wherein the first step comprises the following steps:
1) Obtaining carbonate reservoir fracture prediction achievement data based on pre-stack seismic achievement data, wherein the carbonate reservoir fracture prediction achievement data comprises fracture development relative density and fracture development direction;
2) Performing intersection fitting on the relative density result of the crack development at the well point extracted from the data of the crack porosity result obtained by logging and the relative density data of the crack development obtained in the step 1) to obtain an effective crack development relative density threshold value which is used as a key parameter value for determining the geometrical form distribution of the crack space;
3) Selecting result data with good amplitude preservation and clear slit-hole imaging based on the post-stack seismic result data, and making carbonate reservoir hole prediction result data according to the amplitude gradient attribute;
4) Obtaining effective crack distribution and hole distribution based on the effective crack development relative density threshold values and the hole prediction result data of the 2) and the 3); and dividing the distribution of the carbonate rock fracture-cavity body in the research area according to a tectonic chart, a fracture chart, an ancient apparent chart, a karst phase-to-phase diagram and the prediction result data of the fracture and the cavity in the research area.
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