CN113550734A

CN113550734A - Shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking method and device while drilling

Info

Publication number: CN113550734A
Application number: CN202010263455.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李文佳; 康昆; 王小兰; 李鸿眀; 王梦; 周津宇
Original assignee: China National Petroleum Corp; BGP Inc
Current assignee: China National Petroleum Corp; BGP Inc
Priority date: 2020-04-07
Filing date: 2020-04-07
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-07
Also published as: CN113550734B

Abstract

The invention provides a shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking method and device while drilling, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data; converting time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data by utilizing a time-depth conversion velocity body and performing time-depth conversion; projecting the real-time drilling track and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, and predicting the depth of the target point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well when the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of the depth domain does not exceed a preset range; predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body; obtaining ant tracing bodies; and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well. The invention can realize the tracking while drilling of the shale gas horizontal well and has high drilling rate.

Description

Shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking method and device while drilling

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of geophysical signal processing and interpretation, in particular to a shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking method and device while drilling.

Background

Shale belongs to an ultralow permeability reservoir, is a nano Darcy permeability stratum, all reservoirs can be put into production only by fracturing, and a large number of horizontal wells are drilled for realizing the commercial and large-scale development and utilization of shale gas. The problem of low reservoir drilling rate exists in shale gas horizontal well drilling at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides an earthquake tracking while drilling method for a shale gas horizontal well, which is used for realizing the tracking while drilling of the shale gas horizontal well, and has high reservoir drilling rate, and comprises the following steps:

constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data;

performing time-depth conversion by using a time-depth conversion velocity body, and converting time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data;

projecting the real-time drilling track and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, and predicting the depth of a target point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well when the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of a depth domain does not exceed a preset range, wherein the depth of the target point is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target;

predicting a micro-structure of a horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, wherein the micro-structure of the horizontal section comprises an inclination angle of the horizontal section and is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling;

obtaining an ant tracking body according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body;

and superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile, and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the microcracks of the horizontal section are used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

The embodiment of the invention provides an earthquake tracking while drilling device for a shale gas horizontal well, which is used for realizing the tracking while drilling of the shale gas horizontal well, and has high reservoir drilling rate, and comprises:

the construction module is used for constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data;

the conversion module is used for performing time-depth conversion by utilizing the time-depth conversion velocity body and converting the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data;

the first prediction module is used for projecting the real-time drilling track and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, and predicting the depth of a target entry point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well when the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of a depth domain does not exceed a preset range, wherein the depth of the target entry point is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target;

the second prediction module is used for predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, wherein the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section comprises the dip angle of the horizontal section and is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling;

an ant tracking body obtaining module, configured to obtain an ant tracking body according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

and the third prediction module is used for superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the microcracks of the horizontal section are used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method when executing the computer program.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method.

In the embodiment of the invention, the constructed time-depth conversion velocity body is utilized to convert the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into the depth domain seismic reflection horizon data, so that the depth of a target point is accurately predicted based on the real-time drilling track of a target shale gas horizontal well when the difference value between the logging layered data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of the depth domain does not exceed the preset range, and the target shale gas horizontal well is accurately guided to accurately enter the target; then, predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body, thereby accurately guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling; and finally, superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile to predict the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, so as to further accurately guide the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating ant body calculation for the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a detailed flowchart of a shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a time-depth transition speed body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a graph showing the tracing distribution of ants at bottom boundary of the wufeng on the shale gas target layer segment of the south china shale gas zone block in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling device in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are used in an open-ended fashion, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The sequence of steps involved in the embodiments is for illustrative purposes to illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted as needed.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method in an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:

step 101, constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to a time-depth curve, a time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data;

102, performing time-depth conversion by using a time-depth conversion velocity body, and converting time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data;

103, projecting the real-time drilling track and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, and predicting the depth of a target entry point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well when the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of a depth domain does not exceed a preset range, wherein the depth of the target entry point is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target;

104, predicting a micro-structure of a horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, wherein the micro-structure of the horizontal section comprises an inclination angle of the horizontal section and is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling;

105, obtaining an ant tracking body according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body;

and 106, overlapping the ant tracking body with the prestack depth migration profile, and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the microcracks of the horizontal section are used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

In the embodiment of the invention, the constructed time-depth conversion velocity body is utilized to convert the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into the depth domain seismic reflection horizon data, so that the depth of a target point is accurately predicted based on the real-time drilling track of a target shale gas horizontal well when the difference value between the logging layered data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and fault data of the depth domain does not exceed a preset range, and the target shale gas horizontal well is accurately guided to continue seismic tracking while drilling; then, predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body, thereby accurately guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling; and finally, superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile to predict the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, so as to further accurately guide the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

In the specific implementation, the drilling rate is the percentage of the number of wells in an oil (gas) layer which are drilled to the total number of wells in a statistical area, the drilling rate is higher when the tracking while drilling is more accurate, the well location of a target shale gas horizontal well is related before the tracking while drilling, and then the drilling is started by using a drill bit so as to perform the tracking while drilling process.

Prior to step 101, in an embodiment, the method further comprises:

and (3) explaining the horizon and the fault of the three-dimensional seismic section to obtain a time-depth curve, a time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data.

In the above embodiments, the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data are all obtained through seismic interpretation, and the accuracy is high, and the method of the seismic interpretation method is various, and one of the embodiments is given below.

In one embodiment, interpreting horizons and faults of a three-dimensional seismic section to obtain time-depth curves, time-domain seismic reflection horizons and fault data, comprises:

synthesizing the acoustic logging curve and the density curve to obtain an acoustic synthesis record;

calibrating the time migration data volume before stacking by using the sound wave synthetic record to obtain a time depth curve, a calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data;

and obtaining time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data according to the calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data and waveform characteristics and wave group relation data on the seismic section.

In the above embodiment, the acoustic logging curve and the density curve may be obtained from drilling data and logging data, and when the acoustic logging curve and the density curve are synthesized, a synthetic record may be made by combining the acoustic logging curve and the density curve, or a synthetic record may be made by combining the acoustic logging curve and the density (constant value). When the acoustic synthetic record is used for calibrating the pre-stack time migration data volume, the manufactured acoustic synthetic record is aligned with the channels with the similar wave group relation, waveform characteristics and interlayer time difference of the seismic channels beside the well of the adjacent well, geological stratification on the logging is calibrated on the three-dimensional seismic section, and the corresponding seismic reflection characteristics are found on the seismic section. When the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data are obtained according to the calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data and the waveform characteristics and wave group relation data on the seismic section, a seismic interpretation method is mainly adopted to carry out interpretation by combining with the geological condition of a target shale gas horizontal well area, so that the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data are obtained.

In step 101, there are various methods for constructing a time-depth transition velocity volume based on time-depth curves, time domain seismic reflection horizons and fault data, one example of which is given below.

In one embodiment, a time-depth transition velocity volume is constructed from time-depth curves, time domain seismic reflection horizons and fault data, comprising:

constraining a stratum framework based on the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data to obtain the horizon velocity of the seismic reflection horizon;

constraining the change trend of the horizontal velocity of the interval velocity of the seismic reflection layer by using a prestack time migration velocity body, and carrying out smooth point taking processing on the vertical velocity of the interval velocity of the seismic reflection layer to obtain the processed interval velocity of the seismic reflection layer;

and constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to the time domain seismic reflection horizon, the fault data and the processed layer velocity of the seismic reflection horizon.

In the above embodiment, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data specifically include seismic reflection horizon time points, the stratum framework is a regional space-time ordered arrangement pattern widely applied to various stratums or rock units in a stratum sequence, the layer velocity of the processed seismic reflection horizon specifically includes the plane velocity of each planar stratum, and the layer velocity of the processed seismic reflection horizon is adopted to construct the time-depth conversion velocity body, so that the constructed time-depth conversion velocity body has higher precision.

In one embodiment, before constraining the stratigraphic framework based on the time-depth curve and the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data and obtaining the interval velocity of the seismic reflection layer, the method further comprises the following steps:

performing point-taking smoothing processing on the time-depth curve to obtain a time-depth curve comprising speed control points meeting a first set requirement;

performing point-taking smoothing processing on the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data to obtain a time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data meeting a second set requirement;

based on the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data, the stratum framework is restrained, and the horizon velocity of the seismic reflection horizon is obtained, which comprises the following steps:

and constraining the stratum framework based on the time-depth curve of the speed control point meeting the first set requirement and the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data meeting the second set requirement to obtain the layer speed of the seismic reflection layer.

In the above embodiment, the first setting requirement may be a uniform, longitudinal direction, that is, the time-depth curve is subjected to the point-taking smoothing process to obtain the time-depth curve including the uniform velocity control points in the longitudinal direction. The second setting requirement can be uniform and horizontal, namely, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data are subjected to point-taking smoothing processing to obtain the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data meeting the requirements of uniformity and horizontal. Through the processing, the accuracy of the layer velocity of the obtained seismic reflection layer is higher, and the accuracy of the constructed time-depth conversion velocity body is further improved.

In step 102, time-depth conversion may be performed using the time-depth conversion rate body to convert the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data, and under the condition that the precision of the time-depth conversion rate body is relatively high, the precision of the obtained depth domain seismic reflection horizon data is also relatively high.

In step 103, the real-time drilling trajectory and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well are projected onto the three-dimensional seismic profile, and when the difference between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of the depth domain does not exceed a preset range, the depth of the target point is predicted based on the real-time drilling trajectory of the target shale gas horizontal well.

Firstly, projecting a wellhead coordinate, a target entering point and a bottom point of a target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic section, updating a well track in real time according to the drilling progress, updating the projection of the real-time drilling track on the three-dimensional seismic section, then projecting logging hierarchical data (mainly logging hierarchical data of a marker layer) onto the three-dimensional seismic section, and when the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and stratum seismic reflection horizon and fault data of a depth domain does not exceed a preset range, enabling a common drill bit to enter the interior of a marker layer reservoir system, and predicting the depth of the target entering point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well, so as to guarantee accurate target entering and then continuing. Wherein, besides the aspiration series, the mark layer also includes the mark layers of three-fold series, two-fold series, etc.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises:

when the difference value between the logging layered data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of the depth domain exceeds a preset range, the following steps are repeatedly executed until the difference value between the logging layered data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of the updated depth domain does not exceed the preset range:

updating the time-depth conversion speed body;

and performing time-depth conversion by using the updated time-depth conversion velocity body, converting the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data, and obtaining the updated depth domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data.

In the above embodiment, when the difference between the logging layered data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data in the depth domain exceeds the preset range, the time-depth conversion velocity body is reconstructed according to step 101, then the depth domain seismic reflection horizon data is updated according to step 102, and the above steps are repeatedly executed until the difference between the logging layered data and the updated stratum seismic reflection horizon and fault data in the depth domain does not exceed the preset range, and then the depth of the target point is predicted, so as to guide the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target.

And after the target shale gas horizontal well accurately enters the target, entering another stage of tracking while drilling, and predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section comprises an inclination angle of the horizontal section and is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue seismic tracking while drilling, and when the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well is predicted, the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well can be projected onto the anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data body according to the anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data body, so that the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section is predicted, and prediction is provided for drilling.

In one embodiment, prior to predicting the micro-amplitude formation of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well from the anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume, further comprising:

optimizing an anisotropic prestack depth migration data body by using logging hierarchical data of a target shale gas horizontal well to obtain the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data body;

predicting a micro-scale formation of a horizontal section of a target shale gas horizontal well from an anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, comprising:

and predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume.

In the above embodiments, the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume may improve the accuracy of the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume as compared to that before optimization, thereby improving the accuracy of predicting the micro-scale formation of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well. In particular, there are various methods for predicting the micro-amplitude formation of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, one example of which is given below. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an optimized anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume, which is obtained by optimizing the anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume using well logging stratification data of a target shale gas horizontal well in one embodiment, and includes:

extracting formation dip angle and azimuth angle information according to the interpretation horizon in the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body to obtain a formation dip angle attribute body and an azimuth angle attribute body;

obtaining depth error data between the logging hierarchical data and the interpretation horizon;

when the depth error data exceeds a preset range, repeatedly executing the following steps until the depth error data does not exceed the preset range, and obtaining the latest parameter data of the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume: performing layer-wise interpolation on the depth error data to obtain the seismic depth error data of each layer in the range of the work area where the target shale gas horizontal well is located; establishing a grid chromatography inversion matrix according to the well seismic depth error data of each layer, the dip angle attribute bodies and the azimuth angle attribute bodies of each stratum; based on the grid chromatography inversion matrix, carrying out grid chromatography inversion to obtain parameter data of the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, wherein the parameter data is used for determining the updated anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume; obtaining an interpretation horizon in the updated anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume, and solving updated depth error data between the logging layered data and the interpretation horizon in the updated anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume; replacing the updated depth error data with depth error data;

acquiring a common imaging point CIP gather according to the parameter data of the latest anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

when the CIP gather is not leveled, picking up residual delay information on the CIP gather along layers, carrying out grid chromatography inversion based on the residual delay information and the interpreted horizon and parameter data in the latest anisotropic prestack depth migration data body to obtain an updated anisotropic prestack depth migration data body, carrying out TTI anisotropic depth migration according to the updated anisotropic prestack depth migration data body until the CIP gather is leveled, and determining the latest anisotropic prestack depth migration data body as an optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data body;

when the CIP gather is leveled, the latest anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume is determined to be the optimized anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume.

Thereafter, the horizontal section of the shale gas horizontal well may be predicted, in the embodiment of the present invention, by combining the ant body profile, and in step 105, the ant tracker may be obtained according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, which may be performed in various ways, one of which is given below.

In one embodiment, obtaining ant trackers from anisotropic prestack depth migration data volumes comprises:

performing automatic gain control on the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

carrying out construction smoothing treatment on the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume after automatic gain control;

preprocessing the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume after the construction smoothing process, wherein the preprocessing comprises variance processing or curvature processing;

and performing ant body calculation on the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data body to obtain an ant tracking body.

In the above embodiments, the automatic gain control means that the gain is maximized through feedback control, and the preprocessing may further include chaps calculation, and all the related variations should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart of ant body calculation for the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume according to the embodiment of the present invention, where the seismic data volume is the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, and the fracture attribute volume is the attribute volume of the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, and first, ant body calculation is performed using the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume to predict micro-fractures of a horizontal segment. If the release position of the ant has no fault, such as noise, etc., the ant will disappear quickly; the fault position can be traced by a plurality of ants and marked by pheromone obviously, and the non-fault structure can not release the pheromone. Finally, we characterize the fault at that point by the pheromone concentration at each point. The ant tracking body obtained through ant body calculation has excellent performance when explaining faults, and is far superior to other edge enhancement bodies such as variance bodies and the like, because noise and other non-fault structures are removed in the ant tracking process, the signal-to-noise ratio is obviously improved, and fault areas at details can be well shown. And finally, performing ant tracking fault interpretation, namely adopting step 106, superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile, and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the microcracks of the horizontal section are used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue seismic tracking while drilling.

Based on the above embodiments, the present invention provides the following embodiment to explain a detailed flow of the shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method, fig. 4 is a detailed flow chart of the shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment, the detailed flow of the shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method includes:

step 401, synthesizing an acoustic logging curve and a density curve to obtain an acoustic synthesis record;

step 402, calibrating the time migration data volume before stacking by using the sound wave synthetic record to obtain a time depth curve, a calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data;

step 403, obtaining time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data according to the calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data and waveform characteristics and wave group relation data on the seismic section;

step 404, performing point-taking smoothing processing on the time-depth curve to obtain a time-depth curve comprising speed control points meeting a first set requirement;

step 405, performing point-taking smoothing processing on the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data to obtain a time domain seismic reflection horizon and a time domain fault data which meet a second set requirement;

step 406, constraining a stratum framework based on the time-depth curve of the velocity control point meeting the first set requirement and the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data meeting the second set requirement to obtain the horizon velocity of the seismic reflection horizon;

step 407, constraining the variation trend of the horizontal velocity of the interval velocity of the seismic reflection layer by using a pre-stack time migration velocity body, and performing smooth point-taking processing on the vertical velocity of the interval velocity of the seismic reflection layer to obtain the interval velocity of the processed seismic reflection layer;

step 408, constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to the time domain seismic reflection horizon, the fault data and the processed layer velocity of the seismic reflection horizon;

step 409, performing time-depth conversion by using a time-depth conversion velocity body, and converting time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data;

step 410, projecting the real-time drilling track and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, judging whether the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and fault data of a depth domain exceeds a preset range, if not, turning to step 511, otherwise, turning to step 504;

step 411, predicting the depth of the target entry point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the depth of the target entry point is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target;

step 412, optimizing the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume by using the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well to obtain an optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

step 413, predicting a micro-structure of a horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, wherein the micro-structure of the horizontal section comprises an inclination angle of the horizontal section and is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling;

step 414, performing automatic gain control on the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

step 415, performing structure smoothing processing on the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume after automatic gain control;

step 416, preprocessing the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume after the construction smoothing process, wherein the preprocessing comprises variance processing or curvature processing;

step 417, performing ant body calculation on the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data body to obtain an ant tracking body;

and 418, overlapping the ant tracking body with the prestack depth migration profile, and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the microcracks of the horizontal section are used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

Of course, it can be understood that other variations can be made to the detailed flow of the shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method, and the related variations all fall within the scope of the present invention.

A specific embodiment is given below to illustrate a specific application of the shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method provided by the embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment, a target shale gas horizontal well of the south china shale gas block is taken as an example, the south china shale gas block becomes the largest shale gas production base in China, the shale is wide in distribution range and large in thickness, but the shale is generally buried deep and forms the back of the reservoirThe scene is complex. Compared with the conventional reservoir rock, the shale gas is hard and brittle, small in porosity, complex in structure and extremely low in permeability. The practical drilling result shows that the problems of long drilling period, low drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs and the like exist in most shale gas horizontal wells. The target shale gas horizontal well is a main target layer of the deposit system Longmaxilong I₁ ¹The reservoir is a deepwater land shed phase, the lithology of the reservoir is shale, the thickness of a horizontal well box body is as small as 3-5m, and the difficulty of geological tracking and guiding while drilling is high.

Firstly, synthesizing an acoustic logging curve and a density curve to obtain an acoustic synthesis record, and calibrating a time migration data volume before stacking by using the acoustic synthesis record to obtain a time depth curve, a calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data; and obtaining time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data according to the calibrated seismic reflection horizon and fault data and waveform characteristics and wave group relation data on the seismic section.

Then, carrying out point-taking smoothing processing on the time-depth curve to obtain the time-depth curve comprising the speed control points meeting the first set requirement; performing point-taking smoothing processing on the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data to obtain a time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data meeting a second set requirement; the method comprises the steps of constraining a stratum framework based on a time depth curve of a speed control point meeting a first set requirement and a time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data meeting a second set requirement to obtain the layer velocity of a seismic reflection layer, constraining the change trend of the transverse velocity of the layer velocity of the seismic reflection layer by using a pre-stack time migration velocity body, conducting smooth point-taking processing on the longitudinal velocity of the layer velocity of the seismic reflection layer to obtain the processed layer velocity of the seismic reflection layer, and constructing a time-depth conversion velocity body according to the time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data and the processed layer velocity of the seismic reflection layer, wherein fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the time-depth conversion velocity body in the embodiment of the invention.

Then, time-depth conversion is carried out by using a time-depth conversion velocity body, and time domain seismic reflection horizon data are converted into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data; and projecting the real-time drilling track and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, judging whether the difference value between the logging hierarchical data and the stratum seismic reflection horizon and the fault data of the depth domain exceeds a preset range, updating a time-depth conversion velocity body, and further updating the seismic reflection horizon data of the depth domain, otherwise, predicting the depth of the target entry point based on the real-time drilling track of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the depth of the target entry point is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target.

In the embodiment, after the drilling track enters the horizontal section while tracking, the real-time drilling track stratum attitude and the earthquake prediction stratum attitude have certain access, the inclination angle of the actual drilling stratum with the well depth of 3900m to 4100m is declined by 3 degrees to 5 degrees, but the inclination angle of the earthquake prediction is declined by 6 degrees to 7 degrees, and certain difficulty is brought to the drilling of the horizontal section and the drilling guidance of other horizontal wells in the block at the later stage. Therefore, after the well is drilled into the target, the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body is optimized by using the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well, the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data body is obtained, and the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well is predicted according to the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data body. The cross section of the optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume is more consistent with a real-time drilling track no matter the depth prediction or the formation micro-amplitude structure is adopted. In the actual drilling process, the depth and the micro-amplitude structure are predicted by utilizing the prestack depth migration profile, the well track is well matched with the depth migration profile, and the depth migration profile is in a Longyi mode₁ ¹The layer drilling rate is as high as 86.77%. The optimized anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume has good effect on prediction of depth and micro-amplitude structures.

Performing automatic gain control on the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume; carrying out construction smoothing treatment on the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume after automatic gain control; preprocessing the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume after the construction smoothing process, wherein the preprocessing comprises variance processing or curvature processing; performing ant body calculation on the preprocessed anisotropic prestack depth migration data body to obtain an ant tracking body; and superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile, and predicting the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, wherein the microcracks of the horizontal section are used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling. Fig. 6 is a bottom ant tracing distribution diagram of the autv peak on the shale gas target layer segment of the south chwan shale gas block in the embodiment of the present invention, in which the deeper color is the ant tracing abnormal position, the ant tracing result is detailed and the small fault or crack development zone is highlighted. When the ant tracking body is superposed with the prestack depth migration section, the well depth is about 4100m in the tracking process, which indicates that cracks may appear, and the cracks are encountered at 4130m in actual drilling. The well depth is about 4900m, which indicates that a fault possibly appears, and a fault appears about 4930m in the actual drilling. The ant tracker can predict the micro-fracture of the horizontal section, predict the fracture development position which is likely to be drilled, and provide powerful technical support for pre-drilling evaluation and risk prediction.

In summary, in the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the constructed time-depth conversion velocity volume is used to convert the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into the depth domain seismic reflection horizon data, so that when the difference between the logging layered data and the formation seismic reflection horizon and the fault data in the depth domain does not exceed the preset range, the depth of the target point is accurately predicted based on the real-time drilling trajectory of the target shale gas horizontal well, and the target shale gas horizontal well is accurately guided to accurately enter the target; then, predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body, thereby accurately guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling; and finally, superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile to predict the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, so as to further accurately guide the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking device while drilling, which is described in the following embodiment. Because the principles for solving the problems are similar to the shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method, the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the method, and repeated parts are not repeated.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling device in an embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the device includes:

a construction module 701, configured to construct a time-depth conversion velocity volume according to the time-depth curve, the time domain seismic reflection horizon and the fault data;

a conversion module 702, configured to perform time-depth conversion by using the time-depth conversion rate body, and convert the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into depth domain seismic reflection horizon data;

the first prediction module 703 is configured to project the real-time drilling trajectory and the logging hierarchical data of the target shale gas horizontal well onto a three-dimensional seismic profile, and predict a depth of a target entry point based on the real-time drilling trajectory of the target shale gas horizontal well when a difference between the logging hierarchical data and a stratum seismic reflection horizon and fault data of a depth domain does not exceed a preset range, where the depth of the target entry point is used to guide the target shale gas horizontal well to accurately enter the target;

the second prediction module 704 is used for predicting the micro-scale structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume, wherein the micro-scale structure of the horizontal section comprises the dip angle of the horizontal section and is used for guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling;

an ant tracking volume obtaining module 705 for obtaining an ant tracking volume by anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume;

and a third prediction module 706, configured to superimpose the ant tracking body with the prestack depth migration profile, and predict a microcrack in a horizontal segment of the target shale gas horizontal well, where the microcrack in the horizontal segment is used to guide the target shale gas horizontal well to continue seismic tracking while drilling.

In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a data obtaining module 707 for:

In an embodiment, the data obtaining module 707 is specifically configured to:

In an embodiment, the building module 701 is specifically configured to:

In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a point smoothing module 708 configured to:

the conversion module 702 is specifically configured to include:

In an embodiment, the apparatus further includes an update module 709 configured to:

updating the time-depth conversion speed body;

In an embodiment, the apparatus further comprises an optimization module 710 for:

the second prediction module 704 is specifically configured to:

In an embodiment, the optimization module 710 is specifically configured to:

In one embodiment, the ant tracker obtaining module 705 is specifically configured to:

In summary, in the apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the constructed time-depth conversion velocity volume is used to convert the time domain seismic reflection horizon data into the depth domain seismic reflection horizon data, so that when the difference between the logging layered data and the formation seismic reflection horizon and the fault data in the depth domain does not exceed the preset range, the depth of the target point is accurately predicted based on the real-time drilling trajectory of the target shale gas horizontal well, and the target shale gas horizontal well is accurately guided to accurately enter the target; then, predicting the micro-amplitude structure of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well according to the anisotropic prestack depth migration data body, thereby accurately guiding the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling; and finally, superposing the ant tracking body and the prestack depth migration profile to predict the microcracks of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well, so as to further accurately guide the target shale gas horizontal well to continue earthquake tracking while drilling.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer device, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present invention, where the computer device is capable of implementing all steps in the shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method in the foregoing embodiment, and the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:

a processor (processor)801, a memory (memory)802, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)803, and a bus 804;

the processor 801, the memory 802 and the communication interface 803 complete mutual communication through the bus 804; the communication interface 803 is used for realizing information transmission among related devices such as server-side devices, detection devices, client-side devices and the like;

the processor 801 is configured to call a computer program in the memory 802, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements all the steps of the shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method in the above embodiments.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, which can implement all steps of the shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method in the foregoing embodiments, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements all steps of the shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method in the foregoing embodiments.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shale gas horizontal well earthquake tracking while drilling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The shale gas horizontal well seismic while drilling tracking method of claim 1, further comprising:

3. The shale gas horizontal well seismic while drilling tracking method of claim 2, wherein the interpretation of horizons and faults of a three-dimensional seismic profile to obtain time-depth curves, time domain seismic reflection horizons and fault data comprises:

4. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the construction of a time-depth transition velocity volume from time-depth curves, time domain seismic reflection horizons and fault data comprises:

5. The shale gas horizontal well seismic while drilling tracking method of claim 4, wherein before constraining a stratigraphic framework based on a time-depth curve and time domain seismic reflection horizon and fault data to obtain a horizon velocity of a seismic reflection horizon, further comprising:

6. The shale gas horizontal well seismic while drilling tracking method of claim 1, further comprising:

updating the time-depth conversion speed body;

7. The shale gas horizontal well seismic while drilling tracking method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to predicting the micro-amplitude formation of the horizontal section of the target shale gas horizontal well from the anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume:

8. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method as claimed in claim 7, wherein using logging stratification data of a target shale gas horizontal well to optimize the anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume to obtain the optimized anisotropic pre-stack depth migration data volume comprises:

9. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling method as claimed in claim 1, wherein obtaining an ant tracer from the anisotropic prestack depth migration data volume comprises:

10. The utility model provides a shale gas horizontal well earthquake is along with boring tracking device which characterized in that includes:

11. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a data acquisition module to:

12. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling device of claim 11, wherein the data acquisition module is specifically configured to:

13. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling device of claim 10, wherein the construction module is specifically configured to:

14. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a point-taking smoothing module for:

the conversion module is specifically configured to include:

15. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling apparatus of claim 10, further comprising an update module to:

updating the time-depth conversion speed body;

16. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling apparatus of claim 10, further comprising an optimization module to:

the second prediction module is specifically configured to:

17. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling device of claim 16, wherein the optimization module is specifically configured to:

18. The shale gas horizontal well seismic tracking while drilling device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the ant tracking body obtaining module is specifically configured to:

19. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 9 when executing the computer program.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.