CN115035258A - Efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on CAD (computer-aided design) drilling histogram - Google Patents
Efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on CAD (computer-aided design) drilling histogram Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a CAD (computer-aided design) drilling histogram, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, acquiring a drilling histogram outer frame; secondly, acquiring a required object in the frame; thirdly, acquiring the content of the object required in the frame; fourthly, exporting Excel, and finishing the information extraction of the drilling histogram; fifthly, preprocessing drilling data; sixthly, stratum standardization; seventhly, combining a sectional view; eighthly, extracting hierarchical data and generating a layer model; ninthly, generating a three-dimensional geological model, wherein the outer frame of the drilling histogram is obtained: firstly, an object Id set is obtained through entity object classification Entitysort, the defects of high error rate and low efficiency of the traditional geological model are overcome in the whole process, the whole three-dimensional geological model is more intelligent and automatic to be established, errors caused by manual processing are reduced, the efficiency and the accuracy of the modeling process are improved, and researchers can take corresponding measures to make scientific and reasonable decisions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of address model establishment, in particular to an efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a CAD (computer-aided design) drilling histogram.
Background
The invention patent 202010162320.2 provides a method for constructing a three-dimensional geological model of a alluvial plain city region: the method comprises the following steps: aiming at different three-dimensional geological model construction areas, constructing an initial stratum interface by using the acquired drilling point data; smoothing the constructed stratum interface by using a geometric self-adaptive method to generate a constructed stratum interface; constructing a three-dimensional stratum entity by using the constructed stratum interface; and integrating the generated three-dimensional geological entity and the constructed geological interface to generate a three-dimensional geological model. The method can establish a three-dimensional stratum interface, increase the point density by adopting a data interpolation method for an area with sparse drilling point data, and generate a smooth and practical three-dimensional geological model by combining discrete smooth interpolation to correct geometric deformity generated in the interpolation process. The invention patent 2019101105546.6 provides a refined three-dimensional geological modeling method based on BIM technology, which comprises the following steps: and collecting the drilling single-hole hierarchical data of the modeling object, finding out the drilling single-hole hierarchical data containing the bad geologic body data, establishing an initial three-dimensional geologic model, embedding the rejected bad geologic body three-dimensional geologic model into the three-dimensional geologic model, and completing model integration to obtain a refined geologic model of the model. The invention has the advantages that: the three-dimensional geological model of the modeling object including the bad geological body can be effectively improved and established, and the construction risk is favorably reduced.
Although the invention improves the efficiency of three-dimensional geological modeling to a certain extent, if the method is applied to the generation of a final model from the extraction of drilling data information, the defects of high error rate and low efficiency still exist.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on CAD (computer-aided design) drilling data.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the invention discloses an efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on a CAD (computer-aided design) drilling histogram, which can quickly and intelligently identify and process drilling data in a CAD format so as to improve the efficiency, and meanwhile, profile knowledge is integrated into the modeling process, so that pinch-out and lens bodies caused by data errors are reduced, and the rationality of a three-dimensional geological model is improved.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on CAD drilling histogram comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a drilling histogram outer frame;
secondly, acquiring a required object in the frame;
thirdly, acquiring the content of the object required in the frame;
fourthly, exporting Excel, and finishing information extraction of the drilling histogram;
fifthly, preprocessing drilling data;
sixthly, stratum standardization;
seventhly, combining the sectional views;
eighthly, extracting layered data and generating a layer model;
and ninthly, generating a three-dimensional geological model.
The drilling histogram outer frame is obtained: first, by the entity object classification Entitysort, a set of object Ids is obtained, namely 1014mm long and 62370mm area 2 Then, a frame ID, a frame point set, an object ID in the frame, a character set, a line set, a vertical line set, a horizontal line set, and a pattern filling set are defined.
The required objects in the frame are obtained: the required object set in the frame is obtained through GetEveryArea, and comprises a frame set, an object set and an object detail set (single-line character, multi-line character; straight line; pattern filling).
The content of the object required in the frame is obtained: the obtained content mainly serves three-dimensional geological modeling, and mainly comprises a drilling hole number, a coordinate X, a coordinate Y, an orifice elevation, a layer bottom depth, a layering number and lithology, wherein the content of the object is obtained through a GetDataFormObject, and the drilling hole number, the orifice elevation, the coordinate X and the coordinate Y are obtained according to position information of relative characters; the depth of the bottom of the layer, the layering number and the lithology obtain the range of the column according to the text content, then the specific value of the column is obtained by judging that X is in the frame range according to the condition that the Y of the single-row text is smaller than the minimum Y coordinate of the text content, and the algorithm of judging that the point is in the frame range adopts a ray method, namely the point is in the polygon when the times that the ray passes through the polygon boundary are odd numbers.
And exporting Excel, finishing the information extraction of the drilling histogram: the read-write operation of the Excel table by the C # program is realized by referring to a Microsoft Excel type library.
The drilling data preprocessing comprises the following steps: because the drilling data come from different engineering survey units, the coordinate system and the elevation system of the drilling histogram are inconsistent, and some engineering surveys adopt an assumed coordinate system and an assumed elevation system only for meeting the requirements of a certain engineering. Therefore, before three-dimensional geological modeling, the coordinate systems of all drilling data need to be reduced to an unsealing city independent coordinate system, the ARCGIS software is adopted for carrying out coordinate system and projection transformation at this time, and a re-measurement method is adopted for an assumed coordinate system.
The formation standardization: because stratum division standards of various regions are inconsistent in different engineering investigation units and engineering investigations with different precisions, data of different regions can only form independent local geological models, and the data is difficult to unify in urban regions, therefore, stratum standardization needs to be carried out on the preprocessed drilling data before urban three-dimensional geological modeling. The current research has defects in the situations of complicated lithology, stratum cross repetition and the like which need to be merged and generalized, and the stratum standardization carries out further merging and dividing the engineering geological stratum according to physical and mechanical properties on the basis of collecting and arranging the drilling data of the engineering geological stratum.
The combined cross-sectional view: the stratum state change of the stratum among the drilling holes is complex, a three-dimensional geological model meeting the engineering requirements is difficult to construct by applying a certain interpolation algorithm according to single drilling data, the geological knowledge is integrated into the three-dimensional geological modeling by using the auxiliary profile, so that the model is more real, and the geological profile is mainly added into three details in the modeling process according to the existing research results; secondly, for the lens body, the lens body is connected with an upper layer surface and a lower layer surface or penetrates through the layers, when a section ground line is connected, the length of the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line of the lens body in the section line is extended to be the uniform length of the whole ground line, similarly, the pinch-out of the ground layer can also be processed according to the method, and the other situation is that the lens body is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lens body are determined according to an exploration section diagram, and a body model is constructed in an interpolation mode; thirdly, after the modeling of the stratum surface is finished, comparing the data of the stratum line of the profile, adjusting the boundary of the stratum, and adding the newly added points into the interpolation calculation of the stratum so as to better adjust the space form of the geological model.
Extracting hierarchical data and generating a layer model: the stratigraphic sequence was consolidated by adding 0 thickness layers, leaving all boreholes with identical layering sequences. And (3) obtaining a data set of each layer in Excel through simple sequencing of the drilling data after the standardization processing, and performing spatial interpolation on each layer of data set to generate an aspect model.
The generation of the three-dimensional geological model: and generating a three-dimensional geological model on the basis of the layer model. For the local lens body, manual creation is selected in the work, namely according to a standardized stratum profile, a geological professional contrasts the built main stratum, and a single lens body model is created by combining the layering information (layer top and layer bottom data and the like) of the lens body in the drilled hole, and finally the lens body is combined into the corresponding main layer to form a complete three-dimensional geological structure model.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the CAD drilling histogram, the defects of high error rate and low efficiency of the traditional geological model are overcome in the whole process, the whole three-dimensional geological model is more intelligent and automatic to create, errors caused by manual processing are reduced, the efficiency and the accuracy of the modeling process are improved, and researchers can take corresponding measures conveniently to make scientific and reasonable decisions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional geological modeling process for a city based on borehole data according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the investigation region of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of borehole data for the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a borehole information graph of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a layer diagram of each layer of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a viewable model diagram of a 3D display area of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cut-away view of the present invention taken at any location on the model;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the present invention creating an individual lenticular model;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of one embodiment of borehole verification in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.
The efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the CAD drilling histogram is combined with the accompanying drawings 1-3, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a drilling histogram outer frame;
secondly, acquiring a required object in the frame;
thirdly, acquiring the content of the object required in the frame;
fourthly, exporting Excel, and finishing the information extraction of the drilling histogram;
fifthly, preprocessing drilling data;
sixthly, stratum standardization;
seventhly, combining the sectional views;
eighthly, extracting layered data and generating a layer model;
and ninthly, generating a three-dimensional geological model.
The drilling histogram outer frame is obtained: first, through the entity object classification Entitysort, a set of object Ids is obtained, namely 1014mm long and 62370mm area 2 Then, a frame ID, a frame point set, an object ID in the frame, a character set, a line set, a vertical line set, a horizontal line set, and a pattern filling set are defined.
The required objects in the frame are obtained: the required object set in the frame is obtained through GetEveryArea, and comprises a frame set, an object set and an object detail set (single-line character, multi-line character; straight line; pattern filling).
The content of the object required in the frame is obtained: the obtained content mainly serves three-dimensional geological modeling, and mainly comprises a drilling hole number, a coordinate X, a coordinate Y, an orifice elevation, a layer bottom depth, a layering number and lithology, wherein the content of the object is obtained through a GetDataFormObject, and the drilling hole number, the orifice elevation, the coordinate X and the coordinate Y are obtained according to position information of relative characters; the depth of the bottom of the layer, the layering number and the lithology obtain the range of the row according to the text content, then the specific value is obtained by judging that X is in the frame range according to the condition that the Y of the single-row text is smaller than the minimum Y coordinate of the text content, and the algorithm that the judging point is in the frame range adopts a ray method, namely the ray passes through the polygon boundary with the odd number of times and the point is in the polygon.
And exporting Excel, finishing the information extraction of the drilling histogram: the read-write operation of the Excel table by the C # program is realized by referring to a Microsoft Excel type library.
The drilling data preprocessing comprises the following steps: because the drilling data come from different engineering investigation units, the coordinate system and the elevation system of the drilling histogram are not consistent, and some engineering surveys adopt an assumed coordinate system and an assumed elevation system only for meeting the requirements of a certain engineering. Therefore, before three-dimensional geological modeling, the coordinate systems of all drilling data need to be reduced to an unsealed city independent coordinate system, the ARCGIS software is adopted to carry out coordinate system and projection transformation at this time, and a re-measurement method is adopted for the assumed coordinate system.
The formation standardization comprises the following steps: because stratum division standards of various regions are inconsistent in different engineering investigation units and engineering investigations with different precisions, data of different regions can only form independent local geological models, and the data is difficult to unify in urban regions, therefore, stratum standardization needs to be carried out on the preprocessed drilling data before urban three-dimensional geological modeling. The current research has defects in the situations of complicated lithology, stratum cross repetition and the like which need to be merged and generalized, and the stratum standardization carries out further merging and dividing the engineering geological stratum according to physical and mechanical properties on the basis of collecting and arranging the drilling data of the engineering geological stratum.
The combined cross-sectional view: the stratum state change of the stratum among the drilling holes is complex, a three-dimensional geological model meeting the engineering requirements is difficult to construct by applying a certain interpolation algorithm according to single drilling data, the geological knowledge is integrated into the three-dimensional geological modeling by using the auxiliary profile, so that the model is more real, and the geological profile is mainly added into three details in the modeling process according to the existing research results; secondly, for the lens body, the lens body is divided into two conditions, one is the condition that the lens body is connected with an upper layer surface and a lower layer surface or penetrates through the layers, when a section ground line is connected, the length of the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line of the lens body in the section line is extended to be the uniform length of the whole ground line, similarly, the pinch-out of the ground layer can be processed according to the method, and the other condition is that the lens body is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lens body are determined according to an exploration section diagram, and a body model is constructed in an interpolation mode; thirdly, after the modeling of the stratum surface is finished, comparing the data of the stratum line of the profile, adjusting the boundary of the stratum, and adding the newly added points into the interpolation calculation of the stratum so as to better adjust the space form of the geological model.
Extracting hierarchical data and generating a layer model: the stratigraphic sequence was consolidated by adding 0 thickness layers, leaving all boreholes with identical layering sequences. And (3) obtaining a data set of each layer in Excel through simple sequencing of the drilling data after the standardization processing, and performing spatial interpolation on each layer of data set to generate an aspect model.
The generation of the three-dimensional geological model: and generating a three-dimensional geological model on the basis of the layer model. For the local lens body, manual creation is selected in the work, namely according to a standardized stratum profile, a geological professional contrasts the built main stratum, and a single lens body model is created by combining the layering information (layer top and layer bottom data and the like) of the lens body in the drilled hole, and finally the lens body is combined into the corresponding main layer to form a complete three-dimensional geological structure model.
In the embodiment 1, the efficient city three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the CAD drilling histogram is implemented based on Kaifeng western drilling data when in use. Finally, an urban three-dimensional geological model is established in a three-dimensional geological visualization software platform Skua-GOCAD, and a good effect is obtained in the project practice, and the method specifically comprises the following operations: 4.1 SKUA-GOCAD
SKUA-GOCAD of Paradigm company is a new generation geological modeling software taking a working flow as a core, realizes high-level semi-intelligent modeling, and is widely applied to engineering geology, mining development, petroleum engineering and water conservancy engineering.
The research area is shown in fig. 2, and the research area is located in western areas of Kaifeng cities and belongs to a high and new technology industrial park. Twelve avenues from west of the research area, west lake west bank from east to unsealed, great avenue from north to reviving, and south to jin' an way. In the past, this was cultivated land, and the research area underwent a great deal of engineering and construction activities since the 1998 approval as a development area. The area is experimentally studied using engineering survey data already established or under construction for the area. The collected data includes CAD-formatted drilling data from a large number of different survey units. Therefore, rapid extraction, normalization, and multi-source data integration of these data are difficulties in current data processing, which is also the original intention of three-dimensional urban geological rapid modeling based on CAD-formatted borehole data presented herein.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
CAD format drilling histogram information extraction flow (I, obtaining a drilling histogram outer frame, II, obtaining a required object in a frame, III, obtaining the content of the required object in the frame, IV, deriving Excel and finishing the drilling histogram information extraction.)
There are a number of CAD format drill hole histograms in the project, including one that contains one drill hole datum (fig. 3), and many that contain multiple drill hole data. And for the drilling histograms of different templates, the information can be quickly extracted by a NET API (C #) based drilling information extraction plug-in. The specific process is as follows: firstly opening CAD format drilling data to be extracted, inputting netload to load plug-in a command line, then inputting ZKE command, popping up a save Excel dialog box, and saving to extract drilling information as shown in figure 4.
Modeling process (fifth, drilling data preprocessing, sixth, stratum standardization, seventh, combination profile, eighth, extracting layered data and generating a layer model, and ninth, generating a three-dimensional geological model)
After the drilling data are loaded from the database, point set data of different positions of different drill holes in the same stratum can be obtained, and the point set data in the same stratum are subjected to spatial interpolation by using a kriging interpolation technology to generate a bedding plane of each layer (fig. 5).
And performing semi-intelligent modeling by using the SKUA-GOCAD workflow modeling flow. The specific process comprises the following steps of firstly defining a stratum sequence and determining a contact relation between the stratum sequences; then defining a work area range and establishing a layer model; and finally, checking the cross relationship among all layers, and creating an intermediate layer by using the stratum sequence. The model can be viewed in a 3D display area (fig. 6), with the Z value being magnified 10 times for better display of the model.
After the model is built, the model can be cut in two ways for clearly showing the inside of the model. The Section method can cut any position of the model in parallel with a coordinate axis (figure 7), and the Slice method can cut in any direction, and the cutting effect is as shown in figure 8.
The method comprises the following steps that the stratum is extinguished, a lens body is connected with an upper layer and a lower layer, when a section stratum line is connected, the length of the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line in the section line is extended to be the uniform length of the whole stratum line by a method of adding a 0-thickness layer, a geological model is established together with the stratum, manual establishment is selected for the work under the condition that the lens body is in the middle of the upper layer and the lower layer or penetrates through the upper layer and the lower layer, and an individual lens body model is established by using a human-computer interaction tool provided by a software platform according to layering information (layer top data, layer bottom data and the like) of the lens body in an exploration section diagram (figure 8). And finally, combining the lens bodies into the corresponding main layers to form a complete three-dimensional geological structure model.
The model verification is to compare the 15 reserved drill holes in the modeling process with the data of the same positions of the model. Figure 9 lists one example of borehole verification. Model verification shows that the built three-dimensional structure model conforms to geological rules and basically coincides with actual geological conditions, and stratum distribution and structural characteristics within the depth range of 45m underground in the unsealed western region can be visually displayed. However, the elevation of the local formation is still different from the actual elevation, and the main reason may be that the borehole distribution is not uniform, and when discrete smooth interpolation is adopted, the formation difference is caused.
The city three-dimensional geological modeling method based on the CAD format drilling data is provided, intelligent extraction of the drilling data, standardized processing of stratums and combination of profile knowledge driving can be applied to rapid three-dimensional geological modeling of cities.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling method based on CAD drilling histogram is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, acquiring a drilling histogram outer frame;
secondly, acquiring a required object in the frame;
thirdly, acquiring the content of the object required in the frame;
fourthly, exporting Excel, and finishing the information extraction of the drilling histogram;
fifthly, preprocessing drilling data;
sixthly, stratum standardization;
seventhly, combining the sectional views;
eighthly, extracting layered data and generating a layer model;
and ninthly, generating a three-dimensional geological model.
2. The method for efficient CAD-based borehole histogram for urban three-dimensional geological modeling as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the drilling histogram outer frame is obtained: first, by the entity object classification Entitysort, a set of object Ids is obtained, namely 1014mm long and 62370mm area 2 Then, a frame ID, a frame point set, an object ID in the frame, a character set, a line set, a vertical line set, a horizontal line set, and a pattern filling set are defined.
3. The method for efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling based on CAD drill hole histograms as recited in claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining the required objects in the frame: the required object set in the frame is obtained through GetEveryArea, and comprises a frame set, an object set and an object detail set (single-line character, multi-line character; straight line; pattern filling).
4. The method for efficient CAD-based borehole histogram for urban three-dimensional geological modeling as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the content of the object required in the frame is obtained: the obtained content mainly serves three-dimensional geological modeling, and mainly comprises a drilling hole number, a coordinate X, a coordinate Y, an orifice elevation, a layer bottom depth, a layering number and lithology, wherein the content of the object is obtained through a GetDataFormObject, and the drilling hole number, the orifice elevation, the coordinate X and the coordinate Y are obtained according to position information of relative characters; the depth of the bottom of the layer, the layering number and the lithology obtain the range of the column according to the text content, then the specific value of the column is obtained by judging that X is in the frame range according to the condition that the Y of the single-row text is smaller than the minimum Y coordinate of the text content, and the algorithm of judging that the point is in the frame range adopts a ray method, namely the point is in the polygon when the times that the ray passes through the polygon boundary are odd numbers.
5. The method for efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling based on CAD drill hole histograms as recited in claim 1, wherein: and exporting Excel, finishing the information extraction of the drilling histogram: the read-write operation of the C # program to the Excel table is realized by referring to a Microsoft Excel type library.
6. The method for efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling based on CAD drill hole histograms as recited in claim 1, wherein: the drilling data preprocessing comprises the following steps: because the drilling data come from different engineering investigation units, the coordinate system and the elevation system of the drilling histogram are not consistent, and some engineering surveys adopt an assumed coordinate system and an assumed elevation system only for meeting the requirements of a certain engineering; before three-dimensional geological modeling, the coordinate systems of all drilling data need to be reduced to an unsealing city independent coordinate system, the ARCGIS software is adopted to carry out coordinate system and projection transformation, and a re-measurement method is adopted for the assumed coordinate system.
7. The method for efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling based on CAD drill hole histograms as recited in claim 1, wherein: the formation standardization comprises the following steps: because the stratum division standards of different engineering investigation units and engineering surveys with different precisions are inconsistent, the data of different areas can only form independent local geological models, and the data is difficult to unify in urban areas, therefore, the stratum standardization of the pre-processed drilling data is needed before the urban three-dimensional geological modeling, the defects of merging and generalization of situations such as complicated lithology and stratum cross repetition are still overcome, and the stratum standardization performs further merging and division of the engineering geological strata according to physical and mechanical properties on the basis of collecting and arranging the engineering geological drilling data.
8. The method for efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling based on CAD drill hole histograms as recited in claim 1, wherein: the combined cross-sectional view: the stratum state change of the stratum among the drilling holes is complex, a three-dimensional geological model meeting the engineering requirements is difficult to construct by applying a certain interpolation algorithm according to single drilling data, the geological knowledge is integrated into the three-dimensional geological modeling by using the auxiliary profile, so that the model is more real, and the geological profile is mainly added into three details in the modeling process according to the existing research results; secondly, for the lens body, the lens body is divided into two conditions, one is the condition that the lens body is connected with an upper layer surface and a lower layer surface or penetrates through the layers, when a section ground line is connected, the length of the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line of the lens body in the section line is extended to be the uniform length of the whole ground line, similarly, the pinch-out of the ground layer can be processed according to the method, and the other condition is that the lens body is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer, the upper surface and the lower surface of the lens body are determined according to an exploration section diagram, and a body model is constructed in an interpolation mode; thirdly, after the modeling of the stratum surface is finished, comparing the data of the stratum line of the profile, adjusting the boundary of the stratum, and adding the newly added points into the interpolation calculation of the stratum so as to better adjust the space form of the geological model.
9. The method for efficient CAD-based borehole histogram for urban three-dimensional geological modeling as recited in claim 1, further comprising: extracting hierarchical data and generating a layer model: unifying stratum sequence by adding 0 thickness layer to make all the drill holes have identical layering sequence; and (3) obtaining a data set of each layer of the drill hole data after the standardization processing in Excel through simple sequencing, and performing spatial interpolation on the data set of each layer to generate an aspect model.
10. The method for efficient urban three-dimensional geological modeling based on CAD drill hole histograms as recited in claim 1, wherein: the generation of the three-dimensional geological model: generating a three-dimensional geological model on the basis of the layer model; in the local lens body, manual creation is selected in the work, namely according to a standardized stratum profile, a geological professional contrasts the built main stratum, and a single lens body model is created by combining the layering information (layer top and layer bottom data and the like) of the lens body in the drilled hole, and finally the lens body is combined into the corresponding main layer to form a complete three-dimensional geological structure model.
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| CN115661393A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-31 | 武汉市测绘研究院 | Urban geological three-dimensional modeling method for large-scale ultrathin stratum |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115661393A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-01-31 | 武汉市测绘研究院 | Urban geological three-dimensional modeling method for large-scale ultrathin stratum |
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