CN109579726B - Long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system and strain measuring method - Google Patents
Long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system and strain measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
Abstract
The invention relates to a long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system, in particular to a high-precision, dynamic and non-uniform strain measuring technology aiming at engineering measurement. The advent of distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on brillouin scattering makes it possible to perform long-distance, large-scale structural strain testing, especially for continuous monitoring of the entire structure as long as tens of kilometers. In order to ensure sufficient measurement accuracy, the distributed fiber brillouin sensing system generally performs multiple frequency sweep detection on each measurement point on an optical path propagation path according to a certain spatial resolution so as to fit an optimal characteristic strain value. Smaller spatial resolution provides more center frequency information, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the distributed fiber brillouin sensing system. Meanwhile, the step number of frequency sweep detection can be increased, which causes the increase of the measurement time of the distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing system, and therefore, the requirement of dynamic measurement cannot be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large-range strain measurement technology in engineering measurement, in particular to a long-gauge-distance distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system meeting the requirements of high-precision and dynamic strain measurement.
Background
In engineering measurement, distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on brillouin scattering has gained wide attention. As shown in fig. 1, a typical brillouin optical time domain analysis measurement system is based on the principle that one optical fiber has the characteristics of both signal transmission and sensing functions, and the full-range distributed strain monitoring of a measurement object as long as tens of kilometers is realized by using one optical fiber. A large monitoring project needs to deploy a large number of sensor nodes, so that the workload of sensor wiring and data acquisition is increased. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on the Brillouin scattering has the characteristics of large-scale signal transmission and distributed sensing, so that the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is more suitable for detection and monitoring projects of large-scale engineering structures and large-scale engineering geology, monitoring projects of wide-area environments and remote equipment and the like.
The measurement of the central frequency shift and the intensity change of the stimulated Brillouin scattering light is a key factor influencing the measurement accuracy of the distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing system. In order to ensure sufficient measurement accuracy, the distributed optical fiber brillouin sensing system generally performs multiple frequency sweep detection on each measurement point on an optical path propagation path according to a certain spatial resolution so as to averagely fit an optimal solution. Smaller spatial resolution provides more spectral information, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the distributed fiber brillouin sensing system. Meanwhile, the number of steps of frequency sweep detection can be increased, so that the measurement time of the distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing system is increased, and therefore, the distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering is generally not suitable for being applied to engineering monitoring projects needing dynamic measurement.
On the other hand, in the engineering measurement system, the sensor and the measurement system are the prerequisite factors for determining the engineering measurement. The sensors for traditional engineering measurement, such as strain gauges, displacement meters, laser range finders and the like, cannot effectively capture local damage outside the arrangement position of the sensors due to a certain sensing range, and have the problem of insensitivity to local structural damage. In order to solve the problem of integral and local strain sensing of a large-scale structure, a long-gauge sensor packaging technology for optical fiber strain sensing is developed in the field of civil engineering structure health monitoring by using CN1949009A (distributed long-gauge fiber Bragg grating strain sensor and a manufacturing method thereof). Then, according to a long gauge length packaging technology, patent CN101275916A (distributed non-slip optical fiber strain sensor and manufacturing method thereof) provides a non-slip optical fiber strain sensor manufacturing technology for brillouin scattering sensing, so as to meet the long-term stable measurement requirement in a small strain range, and provide an effective solution for long-term monitoring of large engineering structures in the civil engineering traffic field. On the basis of the above technology, in patent CN104198144A (a method for rapidly detecting a medium-small bridge based on a long-gauge optical fiber strain sensor), a long-gauge strain time-course in an impact excitation process is obtained through the long-gauge sensor, and the purpose of structure safety and health assessment is further achieved by using structure dynamic response.
However, the above prior art still has a difficulty in effectively solving the technical problem of how to perform continuous dynamic measurement in a large range in engineering monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to integrate the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensing theory and the distributed Brillouin sensing technology, provide a high-precision dynamic non-uniform strain measurement system and realize the purpose of large-range continuous dynamic measurement in engineering monitoring.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system comprises: the long-gauge optical fiber sensor comprises a long-gauge optical fiber sensor with an internal long-gauge unit array and a long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system; the long-gauge optical fiber sensor with the internal long-gauge units arrayed comprises at least one long-gauge unit; the gauge length of the long gauge length unit is more than 1.1 times of the spatial resolution of the long gauge length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system; the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system comprises a Brillouin demodulation system and a Brillouin demodulation system; the device comprises a broadband light source, a characteristic measuring point identification module, a characteristic frequency domain analysis module and a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module.
The broadband light source is used for accessing the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor and providing an optical signal;
the characteristic measuring point identification module is used for identifying the characteristic measuring points of each long gauge length unit;
the characteristic frequency domain analysis module is used for identifying the minimum scanning frequency section of the characteristic strain of each long gauge length unit;
the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module is used for identifying the optimal frequency sweeping times on each characteristic measuring point of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor.
The characteristic frequency domain analysis module obtains a frequency shift characteristic distribution function through wavelet transform algorithm decomposition according to each group of characteristic measuring point position information matrixes; the number L of decomposition layers is related to the frequency of sweep detection of the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module, and the number of subsystems contained in the L-th layer is not less than the number N of rows of the characteristic measuring point position information matrix of each group;
the minimum scanning frequency band information matrix is obtained by reconstruction through a wavelet transform algorithm according to the frequency shift characteristic distribution function and the central frequency shift and the intensity change of the stimulated Brillouin scattering light of each characteristic point on the characteristic point position information matrix; the wavelet mother function and the number of layers used in the reconstruction process must be the same as those used in the decomposition process.
The long-gauge optical fiber sensor is characterized in that the optical fiber is divided into a plurality of long-gauge units in advance through a composite material sleeve meeting the requirement of strain homogenization in the optical fiber, and then the long-gauge optical fiber sensor is directly and comprehensively adhered to a structure to be measured; the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor is installed on a structure to be measured in a segmented fixing mode, and each segment of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor divides the optical fiber into a plurality of long-gauge-length units in a mode of pasting and fixing or mechanically anchoring two ends meeting the requirement of strain homogenization.
The strain measurement method using the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulation system adopts the following technical scheme:
the measuring process of the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system comprises two steps of pre-debugging and actual measurement;
the pre-debugging step comprises:
the broadband light source is input from one end of the long-gauge optical fiber sensor arrayed by the internal long-gauge unit;
utilizing the characteristic measuring point identification module to identify the measuring dot matrix position information, the central frequency shift and the light intensity change of each long gauge unit according to the gauge length of each long gauge unit, the spatial resolution and the measuring point interval required by measurement on the long gauge optical fiber sensor arrayed with the internal long gauge units, thereby extracting the characteristic measuring points representing the long gauge units and constructing a characteristic measuring point position information matrix;
analyzing the change relation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a wide frequency domain range according to the characteristic measuring point position information matrix by using the characteristic frequency domain analysis module, and identifying a minimum scanning frequency section which can represent strain on each characteristic measuring point of the long gauge length optical fiber sensor arrayed in each section of the long gauge length unit, thereby constructing a minimum scanning frequency section information matrix;
analyzing the convergence relationship between the frequency sweeping times and the dispersion according to the characteristic measuring point position information matrix and the minimum scanning frequency section information matrix by using the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module, and identifying the optimal frequency sweeping times on each characteristic measuring point of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor arrayed by long-gauge-length units in each section so as to construct an optimal frequency sweeping time information matrix;
the actual measurement step comprises the following steps:
a broadband light source calls a minimum scanning frequency section information matrix obtained in the pre-debugging step, and a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module calls a characteristic measuring point position information matrix and an optimal frequency sweeping frequency information matrix obtained in the pre-debugging step;
the broadband light source inputs light pulses from one end of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor arrayed by the internal long-gauge-length unit according to the minimum scanning frequency band information matrix; and after the measurement time is set, the dynamic strain distribution measurement is implemented through a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module.
Has the beneficial effects that:
compared with other existing distributed Brillouin sensing systems, the distributed high-precision dynamic optical fiber Brillouin sensing system based on long-gauge sensing provided by the invention has the following advantages:
a) Based on the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensing theory and the distributed Brillouin sensing technology, the method can cover a large structural range as much as possible on the premise of effectively controlling the number of sensors, thereby providing complete structural strain distribution information meeting the measurement requirements of geological engineering.
b) The method fully utilizes the strain homogenization characteristic of the long gauge length sensor to carry out frequency sweep detection aiming at the characteristic measurement point in the long gauge length optical fiber sensor, thereby greatly shortening the measurement time, overcoming the problems of long frequency sweep time and incapability of meeting dynamic measurement under small spatial resolution in the distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing technology, and improving the non-uniform strain measurement performance of the distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing system.
c) The algorithm used by the invention has the characteristics of modular processing: in the pre-debugging step, the adopted self-adaptive space division module and the signal correlation characteristic identification module automatically fill parameters required by an algorithm, and the method has good universality; in the actual measurement step, the related wavelet mother function and the debugging of the layer number in the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module are completed in the pre-debugging step, and the actual measurement time cannot be influenced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber to be measured accessing a common brillouin optical time domain analysis measurement system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulation system in the invention
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of implementation of the feature measuring point identification module, the feature frequency domain analysis module and the brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a dynamic strain measurement implementation in an example of the invention.
Wherein: the device comprises a long-gauge optical fiber sensor (1) with an arrayed internal long-gauge unit, a long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system (2), a long-gauge unit (3), a broadband light source (4), a characteristic measuring point identification module (5), a characteristic frequency domain analysis module (6), a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7), a characteristic measuring point position information matrix (8), a minimum scanning frequency band information matrix (9) and an optimal frequency sweeping time information matrix (10).
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by combining the examples as follows:
firstly, 100 long-gauge-length optical fiber units with gauge length of 1 meter are welded and serially connected into a 100-meter long optical fiber, so that a 200-meter optical fiber to be measured is formed.
Referring to fig. 2, the optical fiber to be measured is connected to the distributed high-precision dynamic optical fiber brillouin sensing system of long-gauge sensing of the present invention.
The long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system comprises: the long-gauge optical fiber sensor comprises a long-gauge optical fiber sensor 1 with an internal long-gauge unit array, and a long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system 2. The long-gauge optical fiber sensor with the internal long-gauge units arrayed comprises 1-M long-gauge units 3 meeting the strain homogenization requirement. The gauge length of the long gauge length unit 3 is more than 1.1 times of the spatial resolution of the long gauge length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system 2. The long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system 2 comprises: 4 broadband light, a characteristic measuring point identification module 5, a characteristic frequency domain analysis module 6 and a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module 7.
The measuring process of the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system comprises two parts of pre-debugging and actual measurement.
First, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the pre-debugging is performed according to the following steps:
(1) The broadband light source 4 is input from one end of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor 1 arrayed in the internal long-gauge-length unit;
(2) By utilizing the characteristic measuring point identification module 5, according to the gauge length of each long gauge unit, the spatial resolution and the measuring point interval required by measurement on the long gauge optical fiber sensor with the arrayed internal long gauge units, the measurement dot matrix position information, the central frequency shift and the light intensity change of each long gauge unit are identified, so that the characteristic measuring points representing the long gauge units are extracted, and a characteristic measuring point position information matrix 8 is constructed:
(3) Analyzing the stimulated Brillouin scattering change relationship in a wide frequency domain range according to the characteristic measuring point position information matrix by using the characteristic frequency domain analysis module, and identifying the minimum scanning frequency section which can represent strain on each characteristic measuring point of the long gauge length optical fiber sensor arrayed by the long gauge length units in each section, thereby constructing a minimum scanning frequency section information matrix 9:
(4) Analyzing the convergence relationship between frequency sweeping times and dispersion by using the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module according to the characteristic measuring point position information matrix and the minimum scanning frequency section information matrix, and identifying the optimal frequency sweeping times on each characteristic measuring point of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor arrayed by long-gauge-length units in each section, thereby constructing an optimal frequency sweeping time information matrix 10:
the pre-debugging process is automatically completed by the distributed high-precision dynamic optical fiber Brillouin sensing system for long gauge length sensing provided by the invention.
Secondly, the actual measurement is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) The broadband light source calls a minimum scanning frequency section information matrix 9 obtained in the pre-debugging step, and the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module calls a characteristic measuring point position information matrix 8 and an optimal frequency sweeping time information matrix 10 obtained in the pre-debugging step.
(2) The broadband light source inputs light pulses from one end of the long-scale-distance optical fiber sensor 1 arrayed by the internal long-scale-distance unit according to the minimum scanning frequency band information matrix 9; after the measurement time is set, the dynamic strain distribution measurement is performed by the brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module 7. And iteratively fitting and calculating according to the frequency shift characteristic distribution function through a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module to obtain each group of measurement lattice strain information.
The characteristic frequency domain analysis module of the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulation system obtains a frequency shift characteristic distribution function through wavelet transformation algorithm decomposition according to each group of characteristic measuring point position information matrixes:
the number L of decomposition layers is related to the frequency of frequency sweeping detection of a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module, and the number of subsystems contained in the L-th layer is not less than the number N of rows of a position information matrix of each group of characteristic measuring points;
the minimum scanning frequency band information matrix is obtained by reconstruction through a wavelet transform algorithm according to the central frequency shift and the intensity change of the stimulated Brillouin scattering light of each characteristic point on the frequency shift characteristic distribution function and the characteristic point position information matrix;
the wavelet mother function and the number of layers used in the reconstruction process must be the same as those used in the decomposition process.
After one measurement is completed on 200 m of optical fiber to be measured according to the steps, the total time consumption is 0.01 second.
And then, the uninterrupted continuous measurement is carried out according to the same actual measurement step, the dynamic strain distribution of the whole length of the optical fiber to be measured is obtained, particularly the dynamic strain time course of 100 long gauge length optical fiber units contained in the optical fiber to be measured, and the result shows that the dynamic measurement requirement of the sampling frequency of 100Hz is met, so that the dynamic strain time course can be used for the dynamic monitoring project of wide-area and large-range structure health monitoring.
In order to illustrate the beneficial effects of the technical scheme provided by the present invention through comparison with the prior art, the optical fiber to be measured is connected to a common brillouin optical time domain analysis measurement system adopted in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1, the measurement time can be calculated by the following formula:
T＝(T i *N)F n +T f
wherein T is the time consumed in the measurement process, T i Time spent for a single scan, N is the mean number of fits, F n For scanning the number of frequencies, T f Is the data processing time.
Common clothSingle scanning time-consuming T of Brillouin optical time domain analysis measuring system i The method is determined by parameters such as the length of the optical fiber to be measured, the spatial resolution, the sampling interval, the average fitting times and the like. In order to meet certain measurement accuracy, the spatial resolution of the current measurement is set to be 10cm, the sampling interval is set to be 5cm, and the average fitting times is 2 13 Next, the process is carried out. After one measurement is completed on 200 m of optical fiber to be measured, the total time is 3 minutes. Compared with the effect that the time consumed for completing one measurement on 200 meters of optical fiber to be measured in the technical scheme provided by the invention is 0.01 second, it can be seen that compared with the 3 minutes consumed time in the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment consumes 3 minutes,
the foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in this embodiment without departing from the principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensing-demodulating system is characterized by comprising: the long-gauge optical fiber sensor comprises a long-gauge optical fiber sensor (1) with an internal long-gauge unit array and a long-gauge distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system (2); the long-gauge optical fiber sensor (1) with the internal long-gauge units arrayed comprises at least one long-gauge unit (3); the gauge length of the long gauge length unit (3) is more than 1.1 times of the spatial resolution of the long gauge length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system (2); the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system (2) comprises a fiber Brillouin demodulation system; the device comprises a broadband light source (4), a characteristic measuring point identification module (5), a characteristic frequency domain analysis module (6) and a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7);
the broadband light source (4) is used for accessing the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor and providing an optical signal;
the characteristic measuring point identification module (5) is used for identifying the characteristic measuring points of each long gauge length unit (3);
the characteristic frequency domain analysis module (6) is used for identifying the minimum scanning frequency section of the characteristic strain of each long gauge length unit (3);
the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7) is used for identifying the optimal frequency sweeping times on each characteristic measuring point of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor (1);
the characteristic frequency domain analysis module (6) obtains a frequency shift characteristic distribution function (11) through wavelet transform algorithm decomposition according to each group of characteristic measuring point position information matrix (8); the number L of decomposition layers is related to the frequency of frequency sweep detection of the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7), and the number of subsystems contained in the L-th layer is not less than the number N of rows of the characteristic measuring point position information matrix (8) of each group;
the minimum scanning frequency band information matrix (9) is obtained by reconstruction through a wavelet transform algorithm according to the central frequency shift and the intensity change of the stimulated Brillouin scattering light of each characteristic point on the frequency shift characteristic distribution function (11) and the characteristic point position information matrix (8); the wavelet mother function and the layer number used in the reconstruction process are required to be consistent with those used in the decomposition process;
the long-gauge optical fiber sensor (1) is characterized in that after optical fibers are divided into a plurality of long-gauge units (3) in advance through composite material sleeves meeting the strain homogenization requirement in the optical fibers, the optical fibers are directly and comprehensively pasted and installed on a structure to be measured; the long-scale-distance optical fiber sensor (1) is installed on a structure to be measured in a segmented fixing mode, and each segment divides an optical fiber into a plurality of long-scale-distance units (3) in a mode of pasting and fixing or mechanically anchoring two ends meeting the requirement of strain homogenization.
2. A strain measurement method using the long gauge distributed optical fiber brillouin sensing-demodulating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measuring process of the long-gauge-length distributed optical fiber Brillouin demodulation system (2) comprises two steps of pre-debugging and actual measurement;
the pre-debugging step comprises:
the broadband light source (4) is input from one end of the long-scale-distance optical fiber sensor (1) with the internal long-scale-distance unit arrayed;
identifying the measurement lattice position information, the central frequency shift and the light intensity change of each long gauge length unit (3) by using the characteristic measuring point identification module (5) according to the gauge length of each long gauge length unit (3) on the long gauge length optical fiber sensor (1) with an arrayed internal long gauge length unit, the spatial resolution and the measurement point interval required by measurement, thereby extracting the characteristic measuring points representing the long gauge length units (3) and constructing a characteristic measuring point position information matrix (8);
analyzing the stimulated Brillouin scattering change relationship in a wide frequency domain range according to the characteristic measuring point position information matrix (8) by using the characteristic frequency domain analysis module (6), and identifying the minimum scanning frequency section which can represent strain on each characteristic measuring point of the long gauge length optical fiber sensor (1) arrayed with the long gauge length units in each section, thereby constructing a minimum scanning frequency section information matrix (9);
analyzing the convergence relationship between frequency sweeping times and dispersion by using the Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7) according to the characteristic measuring point position information matrix (8) and the minimum scanning frequency section information matrix (9), and identifying the optimal frequency sweeping times on each characteristic measuring point of the long-gauge-length optical fiber sensor (1) arrayed in each section of long-gauge-length units, thereby constructing an optimal frequency sweeping time information matrix (10);
the actual measurement step comprises the following steps:
a broadband light source (4) calls a minimum scanning frequency section information matrix obtained in the pre-debugging step, and a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7) calls a characteristic measuring point position information matrix and an optimal frequency sweeping time information matrix obtained in the pre-debugging step;
the broadband light source (4) inputs light pulses from one end of the long-scale-distance optical fiber sensor (1) arrayed with the internal long-scale-distance units according to the minimum scanning frequency band information matrix; after the measurement time is set, the dynamic strain distribution measurement is performed by a Brillouin photoelectric signal frequency analysis module (7).
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| CN111750795A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-10-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Distributed creep measurement system and measurement method |
| CN112033446B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2022-02-15 | 中大检测(湖南)股份有限公司 | Monitoring method of distributed optical fiber sensing system |
| CN112461148B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-06-03 | 南京东智安全科技有限公司 | Distributed cooperative sensing device and method for structural strain monitoring |
| CN113124931B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-08-05 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Method and device for improving power optical fiber state monitoring precision and storage medium |
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| 光纤布里渊温度和应变同时传感系统性能分析;赵丽娟等;《光纤与电缆及其应用技术》;20090225(第01期);全文 * |
| 分布式光纤传感技术在大型过江盾构隧道健康监测系统中应用;钟东;《中国新通信》;20170620(第12期);全文 * |
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