CN109579726A - A kind of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system and strain measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system and strain measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109579726A CN109579726A CN201811580430.XA CN201811580430A CN109579726A CN 109579726 A CN109579726 A CN 109579726A CN 201811580430 A CN201811580430 A CN 201811580430A CN 109579726 A CN109579726 A CN 109579726A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating systems, more particularly to the high-precision for engineering survey, dynamic, non-uniformly distributed strain measurement technique.The appearance of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin scattering makes strain testing large-scale over long distances, continuously monitors and be possibly realized especially for the full structure up to dozens of kilometres.In order to guarantee that enough measurement accuracy, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system carry out multiple frequency sweep detection generally according to certain spatial resolution, to each measurement point on paths path to be fitted optimal characteristic strain value.Smaller spatial resolution can provide more center frequency informations, to improve the measurement accuracy of distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system.Meanwhile also will increase the step number of frequency sweep detection, the increase of distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system measurement time is caused, therefore be not able to satisfy the requirement of dynamic measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a wide range of strain measurement technique in engineering survey more particularly to a kind of satisfaction high-precisions, dynamic
Long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system that strain measurement requires.
Background technique
In engineering survey, the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin scattering have been received extensive attention.Such as Fig. 1
It is shown, it is a kind of typical Brillouin optical time domain analysis measuring system, principle is to have both signal transmission and perception using optical fiber
The characteristic of function is realized with an optical fiber and is monitored up to the gamut distributed strain of dozens of kilometres measurement object.Large size monitoring
Project needs to dispose a large amount of sensor node, to increase the workload of sensor wiring, data acquisition.And based in cloth
The Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of deep pool scattering have the characteristics that a wide range of signal transmission and distributed sensing, therefore are more suitable for applying
In big scale of construction engineering structure, the monitored item of the detection of a wide range of engineering geology and monitoring project and wide-area environment, remote equipment
Mesh etc..
The centre frequency shift of stimulated Brillouin scattering light and be to influence distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin to pass with the measurements of Strength Changes
The key factor of sensing system measurement accuracy.In order to guarantee that enough measurement accuracy, distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system are general
According to certain spatial resolution, multiple frequency sweep is carried out to measurement point each on paths path and is detected to average fit most
Excellent solution.Smaller spatial resolution can provide more spectrum informations, to improve distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system
Measurement accuracy.Meanwhile also will increase the step number of frequency sweep detection, to cause distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system measurement time
Increase, therefore, the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin scattering are generally not suitable for being applied to what dynamic measured
Engineering monitoring project.
Still further aspect, in engineering survey system, sensor and measuring system are the premise ingredients for determining engineering survey.
The measuring sensor of Traditional project, such as foil gauge, displacement meter, laser range finder due to sensing range it is certain, can not be effective
Ground captures the local damage except sensor installation position, there is a problem of insensitive to local structural damage.In order to solve
This problem of the entirety of large scale structure and local train sensing, the patent in civil engineering works structure health monitoring field
CN1949009A (distributed long gauge length optical fibre Bragg optical grating strain sensor and its manufacturing method) develops a kind of for light
The long gauge length sensor packaging techniques of fine strain sensing.Later according to long gauge length encapsulation technology, patent CN101275916A (distribution
Formula non-slippage optical fiber strain sensor and its manufacturing method) provide a kind of answering without sliding optical fiber for Brillouin scattering sensing
Become sensor manufacturing techniques, is that civil engineering field of traffic is big to meet for measurement request steady in a long-term within the scope of small strain
The long term monitoring of type engineering structure provides a kind of effective solution approach.On the basis of the above technology, patent
CN104198144A (a kind of small bridge rapid detection method based on long gauge length optical fibre strain transducer) is passed by long gauge length
Sensor obtain it is excited by impact during long gauge length strain time history, further using structure dynamic response realize structure it is safe and healthy
The purpose of assessment.
But above prior art is still difficult in effective solution engineering monitoring how to carry out a wide range of continuous dynamic survey
The technical issues of amount.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is comprehensive long gauge length optical fibre sensing theories and distributed Brillouin sensing technology, provide a kind of high
The non-uniformly distributed strain measurement system of precision, dynamic realizes the purpose of a wide range of continuous dynamic measurement in engineering monitoring.
The present invention to achieve the above object, adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system includes: the length of interior minister's gauge length cell array
Gauge length optical fibre sensor and long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin's demodulating system；Interior minister's gauge length cell array
Long gauge length optical fibre sensor include at least one long gauge length unit；The gauge length of the long gauge length unit is greater than the long mark
1.1 times or more of spatial resolution away from distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin's demodulating system；In the long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic cloth
Deep demodulating system includes；Wideband light source, feature measuring point identification module, characteristic frequency domain parsing module, Brillouin light signal frequency
Parsing module.
The wideband light source is to access long gauge length optical fibre sensor and provide optical signal；
Feature measuring point of the feature measuring point identification module to identify each long gauge length unit；
The minimum scan frequency section of characterization strain of the characteristic frequency domain parsing module to identify each long gauge length unit；
On each feature measuring point of the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module to identify long gauge length optical fibre sensor
Optimal sweep.
The characteristic frequency domain parsing module is decomposed according to each group feature point position information matrix by Wavelet Transformation Algorithm
Obtain frequency shift features distribution function；The frequency sweep of its Decomposition order L and the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module detects
Frequency is related, and the L layers of sub- coefficient number for being included cannot be less than the line number of feature point position information matrix described in each group
Mesh N；
The minimum scan frequency segment information matrix is distributed letter according to the frequency shift features by Wavelet Transformation Algorithm
The centre frequency shift of the stimulated Brillouin scattering light of each feature measuring point and become with intensity on several and feature point position information matrix
Change, reconstruct obtains；Wavelet mother function and the number of plies used in restructuring procedure must in decomposable process use wavelet mother function and layer
Number is consistent.
The composite material that the long gauge length optical fibre sensor is required in inside of optical fibre by meeting strain homogenization in advance
After optical fiber is divided into multiple long gauge length units by casing, directly pastes and be installed on to geodesic structure comprehensively；The long gauge length
Fibre optical sensor is installed on to geodesic structure in such a way that segmentation is fixed, and every section viscous using the both ends that strain homogenization requires are met
Optical fiber is divided into multiple long gauge length units by the mode of patch fixation or mechanical anchor.
And the strain measurement method of above-mentioned long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system is used to use following skill
Art scheme:
The measurement process of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin's demodulating system includes two steps of pre-debug and actual measurement
Suddenly；
Pre-debug step are as follows:
The wideband light source is inputted by long gauge length optical fibre sensor one end of interior minister's gauge length cell array；
Using the feature measuring point identification module, according to the long gauge length optical fibre sensor of interior minister's gauge length cell array
Gauge length, the spatial resolution of measurement request and the interval of measuring points of upper each long gauge length unit, identify each institute
The measurement dot matrix location information of the long gauge length unit stated, centre frequency shift and change with light intensity, to extract the characterization long mark
Feature measuring point away from unit, and construction feature point position information matrix；
Using the characteristic frequency domain parsing module, analyzed according to the feature point position information matrix in wide frequency domain
Stimulated Brillouin scattering variation relation in range identifies the long gauge length optical fibre sensor of the long gauge length cell array of each intersegmental part
The minimum scan frequency section of strain can be characterized on each feature measuring point, to construct minimum scan frequency segment information matrix；
Using the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module, according to the feature point position information matrix and
The convergence relation of minimum scan frequency segment information matrix analysis sweep and dispersion identifies the long gauge length unit battle array of each intersegmental part
Optimal sweep on each feature measuring point of the long gauge length optical fibre sensor of columnization, to construct optimal sweep information
Matrix；
The actual measurement step are as follows:
Wideband light source transfers the minimum scan frequency segment information matrix of pre-debug step acquisition, the Brillouin light electric signal
The feature point position information matrix and optimal sweep information matrix obtained in frequency resolution module calls pre-debug step；
Wideband light source is according to minimum scan frequency segment information matrix by light pulse from the length of interior minister's gauge length cell array
The input of gauge length optical fibre sensor one end；After setting time of measuring, dynamic is implemented by Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module
Strain Distribution measurement.
The utility model has the advantages that
Compared with other existing distributed Brillouin sensing systems, the distribution proposed by the present invention based on long gauge length sensing
Dynamic High-accuracy optical fiber Brillouin sensing system has the advantage that
It a), can be in effectively control sensor number based on long gauge length optical fibre sensing theory and distributed Brillouin sensing technology
Cover structure larger range under the premise of purpose as far as possible, to provide the complete structure strain for meeting geologic engineering surveying requirement
Distributed intelligence.
B) the characteristics of present invention makes full use of long gauge length strain transducer to uniform, for special in long gauge length optical fibre sensor
Sign measurement point carries out frequency sweep detection and overcomes in distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing technology so that time of measuring be greatly shortened
The frequency sweep time is long under small spatial resolution, is unable to satisfy the problem of dynamic measures, and improves distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing system
The non-uniformly distributed strain measurement performance of system.
C) algorithm that the present invention uses has the characteristics that modularized processing: in pre-debug step, the adaptive space of use
Between division module, signal correlated characteristic identification module, automation filling algorithm required for parameter, have good versatility；
In actual measurement step, the debugging of relevant wavelet mother function and the number of plies exists in the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module of use
It is completed in pre-debug step, does not interfere with the actual measurement time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that testing fiber accesses common Brillouin optical time domain analysis measuring system.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system in the present invention
Fig. 3 is feature measuring point identification module in example of the present invention, characteristic frequency domain parsing module, Brillouin light signal frequency
Parsing module implementation flow chart.
Fig. 4 is dynamic strain measurement implementation flow chart in example of the present invention.
Wherein: the long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1) of interior minister's gauge length cell array, long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin
Demodulating system (2), long gauge length unit (3), wideband light source (4), feature measuring point identification module (5), characteristic frequency domain parsing module
(6), Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module (7), feature point position information matrix (8), minimum scan frequency segment information
Matrix (9), optimal sweep information matrix (10).
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to example:
The long gauge length optical fibre unit welding series connection that 100 gauge lengths are 1 meter is accessed latter 100 meters of root long long first
Optical fiber, thus the testing fiber of one 200 meters of overall length of composition.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 2, which is accessed to the distributed high-accuracy dynamic optical of long gauge length sensing of the invention
Fine Brillouin sensing system.
Long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system of the invention includes: interior minister's gauge length cell array
Long gauge length optical fibre sensor 1 and long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system 2.Interior minister's gauge length cell array
Long gauge length optical fibre sensor include 1-M meet strain homogenization require long gauge length unit 3.The gauge length of long gauge length unit 3
Length is greater than 1.1 times or more of the spatial resolution of a kind of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system 2.Long mark
Include: broadband light away from distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system 2: 4, feature measuring point identification module 5, characteristic frequency domain parsing module 6,
Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module 7.
The measurement process of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin's demodulating system provided by the invention includes pre-debug and actual measurement
Two parts.
Firstly, implementing pre-debug according to the following steps shown in please refer to figs. 2 and 3:
(1) wideband light source 4 described in by interior minister's gauge length cell array 1 one end of long gauge length optical fibre sensor
Input；
(2) the feature measuring point identification module 5 is utilized, is passed according to the long gauge length optical fibre of interior minister's gauge length cell array
Gauge length, the spatial resolution of measurement request and the interval of measuring points of each long gauge length unit, identification are each on sensor
Measurement dot matrix location information, centre frequency shift and the light intensity variation of a long gauge length unit, to extract the characterization length
The feature measuring point of gauge length unit, and construction feature point position information matrix 8:
(3) the characteristic frequency domain parsing module is utilized, is analyzed according to the feature point position information matrix in width
Stimulated Brillouin scattering variation relation in frequency domain identifies the long gauge length optical fibre sensing of the long gauge length cell array of each intersegmental part
The minimum scan frequency section of strain can be characterized on each feature measuring point of device, to construct minimum scan frequency segment information matrix
9:
(4) the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module is utilized, according to the feature point position information square
The convergence relation of battle array and minimum scan frequency segment information matrix analysis sweep and dispersion, identifies the long gauge length list of each intersegmental part
Optimal sweep on each feature measuring point of the long gauge length optical fibre sensor of element array, to construct optimal sweep
Information matrix 10:
The distributed high-accuracy Dynamic Optical Fiber Brillouin of the above pre-debug process long gauge length sensing provided by the present invention passes
Sensing system is automatically performed.
Secondly, implementing actual measurement according to the following steps:
(1) wideband light source described in transfers the minimum scan frequency segment information matrix 9 of pre-debug step acquisition, the cloth
In the feature point position information matrix 8 that obtains of deep photosignal frequency resolution module calls pre-debug step and optimal
Sweep information matrix 10.
(2) wideband light source described in marks light pulse from the interior minister according to minimum scan frequency segment information matrix 9
1 one end of long gauge length optical fibre sensor input away from cell array；After setting time of measuring, pass through the Brillouin light telecommunications
Number frequency resolution module 7 implements dynamic strain distribution measuring.By Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module according to frequency displacement spy
It levies distribution function iterative fitting and calculates acquisition each group measurement dot matrix strain information.
A kind of characteristic frequency domain parsing module of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system provided by the invention
It is decomposed according to each group feature point position information matrix by Wavelet Transformation Algorithm and obtains frequency shift features distribution function:
Its Decomposition order L is related with the frequency sweep of Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module detection frequency, and L layers are included
Sub- coefficient number cannot be less than the number of lines N of each group feature point position information matrix；
The minimum scan frequency segment information matrix is by Wavelet Transformation Algorithm according to frequency shift features distribution function and spy
Levy point position information matrix on each feature measuring point stimulated Brillouin scattering light centre frequency shift and and Strength Changes, reconstruct
It obtains；
Wavelet mother function and the number of plies used in restructuring procedure must in decomposable process use wavelet mother function and the number of plies one
It causes.
After completing one-shot measurement to 200 meters of testing fibers according to above step, time-consuming altogether is 0.01 second.
Then implement continual continuous measurement by same actual measurement step, obtain the dynamic strain point of testing fiber overall length
The dynamic strain time-histories for 100 long gauge length optical fibre units that cloth, especially testing fiber are included, meets 100Hz as the result is shown
The dynamic measurement request of sample frequency can be used for the dynamic monitoring project of wide area wide range of structures health monitoring.
In order to by the beneficial effect with the comparative illustration of prior art technical solution provided by the invention, and by light to be measured
Fibre has accessed the common Brillouin optical time domain analysis measuring system used in the prior art, and shown referring to Fig.1, time of measuring can
It is calculated by following formula:
T=(Ti*N)Fn+Tf
Wherein T is time-consuming in measurement process, TiFor single sweep operation time-consuming, N is average fit number, FnFor scan frequency number
Mesh, TfFor data processing time.
The single sweep operation time-consuming T of common Brillouin optical time domain analysis measuring systemiBy testing fiber length, spatial discrimination
The parameters such as rate, sampling interval, average fit number determine.In order to meet certain measurement accuracy, the spatial discrimination of this measurement
Rate is set as 10cm, and the sampling interval is set as 5cm, and average fit number is 213It is secondary.After completing one-shot measurement to 200 meters of testing fibers,
Time-consuming altogether is 3 minutes.It is 0.01 second with one-shot measurement time-consuming is completed to 200 meters of testing fibers in technical solution provided by the invention
Contrast on effect, it can be seen that the 3 minutes time-consumings of the technical solution provided in the present embodiment compared with the existing technology,
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
It for member, can also make several improvements without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvement also should be regarded as of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system characterized by comprising interior minister's gauge length unit
The long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1) of array and long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system (2)；The inside
The long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1) of long gauge length cell array includes at least one long gauge length unit (3)；The long gauge length unit
(3) gauge length be greater than 1.1 times of spatial resolution of the long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system (2) with
On；The long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system (2) includes；Wideband light source (4), feature measuring point identification module
(5), characteristic frequency domain parsing module (6), Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module (7).
2. long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The wideband light source (4) is to access long gauge length optical fibre sensor and provide optical signal；
Feature measuring point of the feature measuring point identification module (5) to identify each long gauge length unit (3)；
The minimum scan frequency section of characterization strain of the characteristic frequency domain parsing module (6) to identify each long gauge length unit (3)；
On each feature measuring point of the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module (7) to identify long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1)
Optimal sweep.
3. long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
Characteristic frequency domain parsing module (6) is decomposed by Wavelet Transformation Algorithm according to each group feature point position information matrix (8) and obtains frequency
It moves feature distribution function (11)；The frequency sweep of its Decomposition order L and the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module (7) detects
Frequency is related, and the L layers of sub- coefficient number for being included cannot be less than the row of feature point position information matrix (8) described in each group
Number N；
The minimum scan frequency segment information matrix (9) is by Wavelet Transformation Algorithm according to the frequency shift features distribution function
(11) centre frequency shift of the stimulated Brillouin scattering light of each feature measuring point and and strong and on feature point position information matrix (8)
Degree variation, reconstruct obtain；Wavelet mother function and the number of plies used in restructuring procedure must in decomposable process use wavelet mother function
It is consistent with the number of plies.
4. long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1) in advance in inside of optical fibre by meeting composite sleeve that strain homogenization requires for optical fiber
After being divided into multiple long gauge length units (3), directly pastes and be installed on to geodesic structure comprehensively；The long gauge length optical fibre sensing
Device (1) is installed on to geodesic structure in such a way that segmentation is fixed, and every section is pasted admittedly using the both ends that satisfaction strain homogenization requires
Optical fiber is divided into multiple long gauge length units (3) by fixed or mechanical anchor mode.
5. a kind of using according to claim 1 to long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin sensing-demodulating system described in any one of 4
Strain measurement method, it is characterised in that: the measurement process packet of the long gauge length distribution type fiber-optic Brillouin demodulating system (2)
Include two steps of pre-debug and actual measurement；
Pre-debug step are as follows:
The wideband light source (4) is defeated by long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1) one end of interior minister's gauge length cell array
Enter；
Using the feature measuring point identification module (5), according to the long gauge length optical fibre sensor of interior minister's gauge length cell array
(1) gauge length, the spatial resolution of measurement request and the interval of measuring points of each long gauge length unit (3), identification on
The measurement dot matrix location information of each long gauge length unit (3), centre frequency shift and change with light intensity, to extract characterization institute
The feature measuring point for the long gauge length unit (3) stated, and construction feature point position information matrix (8)；
Using the characteristic frequency domain parsing module (6), analyzed according to the feature point position information matrix (8) in wideband
Stimulated Brillouin scattering variation relation within the scope of domain identifies the long gauge length optical fibre sensor of the long gauge length cell array of each intersegmental part
(1) the minimum scan frequency section of strain can be characterized on each feature measuring point, to construct minimum scan frequency segment information square
Battle array (9)；
Using the Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module (7), according to the feature point position information matrix (8)
With the convergence relation of minimum scan frequency segment information matrix (9) analysis sweep and dispersion, the long gauge length of each intersegmental part is identified
Optimal sweep on each feature measuring point of the long gauge length optical fibre sensor (1) of cell array, to construct optimal sweep
Frequency number information matrix (10)；
The actual measurement step are as follows:
Wideband light source (4) transfers the minimum scan frequency segment information matrix of pre-debug step acquisition, the Brillouin light electric signal
Frequency resolution module (7) transfers the feature point position information matrix obtained in pre-debug step and optimal sweep information square
Battle array；
Wideband light source (4) marks light pulse from the long of interior minister's gauge length cell array according to minimum scan frequency segment information matrix
It is inputted away from fibre optical sensor (1) one end；After setting time of measuring, implemented by Brillouin light signal frequency parsing module (7)
Dynamic strain distribution measuring.
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| CN112033446A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-04 | 湖南中大检测技术集团有限公司 | Monitoring method of distributed optical fiber sensing system |
| CN112461148A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-03-09 | 南京东智安全科技有限公司 | Distributed cooperative sensing device and method for structural strain monitoring |
| CN113124931A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-16 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Method, device and storage medium for improving power optical fiber state monitoring precision |
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