CN105004278A - Real-time base line and denoising processing method based on distributed sensing and wavelet analyzing technologies - Google Patents
Real-time base line and denoising processing method based on distributed sensing and wavelet analyzing technologies Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real-time base line and denoising processing method based on distributed sensing and wavelet analyzing technologies. Based on distributed area sensing characteristics of optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensing, measurement signals are divided into an actual measurement zone related to structural strain parameters and a reference zone related to measurement errors. According to wavelet multilayer decomposition calculation, a plurality of measurement points contained in the actual measurement zone and the reference zone are respectively decomposed into approximation coefficients and detail coefficients. By means of the approximation coefficients of the plurality of measurement points of the reference zone, an error correction module related to system errors in the measurement process is established. By means of the error correction module, the approximation coefficients of the plurality of measurement points of the actual measurement zone are respectively corrected. In addition, reconstruction calculation is carried out with the detail coefficients capable of realizing adaptive filtering, and strain signals of the actual measurement zone after the correction are obtained. According to the invention, measurement errors in the distributed strain measurement process of optical fiber or carbon fiber or the like are substantially improved, the measurement performance of sensors is enhanced, and the purpose of high-accuracy high-precision structural dynamic-static strain measurement is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor and denoising method, particularly relate to the real-time baseline based on optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensing technology for civil engineering structure and denoising method.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of China's urban construction, engineering structure receives safely the extensive concern of various circles of society.In order to solve safety assessment and the safe operation problem of engineering structure, structural healthy monitoring system and correlation technique thereof, be more and more used in great or complicated civil engineering structure.The features such as distributed sensing laying and exceptional durability energy are suitable for due to optical fiber and carbon fiber strain sensing devices, increasing slip-stick artist and researchist propose to utilize optical fiber and carbon fiber strain sensing technology, provide solution for implementing effective monitoring structural health conditions.Present optical fiber and carbon fiber strain sensing technology have reached effective dynamic static strain requirement, but because by the change of external environment and the restriction of surveying instrument, the measuring error in continuous coverage can badly influence measuring-signal accuracy and precision.In order to not affect the measurement of the relevant sudden change strain signal of structural damage, the denoising method of a kind of self-adjusting and adaptation function seems particularly important.
At present in unlimited nonstationary random response, wavelet analysis technology is more and more applied.By Multiscale Wavelet Decomposition, original signal can be divided multiple frequency-domain segment, process respectively, retain the characteristic signal of responsive frequency-domain segment.But in traditional signal base line processing procedure, in default of the center baseline sample of effective target signal, signal base line process only determines with ideal value by rule of thumb, thus loss is slowly out of shape the static strain distorted signals caused.Review in high frequency dynamic signal processing, often occur that threshold value setting is improper, cause signal too level and smooth, lose the problem of crucial spectrum value in dynamic strain measurement.
Based on the fiber strain sensing technology of Brillouin scattering, be tending towards ripe at present.Be characterized in, by an optical fiber, taking into account the function of Signal transmissions and measurement, realizing large-scale distributed measurement.In conjunction with optical fiber sensing technologies such as antiskid, enhanced sensitivity and long gauge length encapsulation, the kinetic measurement requirement of 50 microstrain 100Hz can be realized at present.In fiber strain sensing technology, the optical fiber beyond measured zone only has photoconduction effect.Feature based on the strain sensing technology of carbon fiber forms a measurement unit by 1 measurement heart yearn fixing to encapsulate and 1 compensation heart yearn freely encapsulated, and by multiple units in series, realizes structure distribution formula sensing.In the strain sensing technology of carbon fiber, compensate heart yearn and only there is temperature compensation function, same with light transmitting fiber general not as the sample objects measured.Although the compensation heart yearn in the light transmitting fiber in fiber strain sensing and carbon fiber strain sensing, does not directly take measurement function, when the same with measuring unit in measuring process, subject the systematic error because external environment impact and measuring equipment bring.Therefore the two can be utilized to correct irregular systematic error and stochastic error in long-term measurement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is at comprehensive optical fiber and carbon fiber distributed strain sensing theory and wavelet analysis method, a kind of baseline and denoising method are in real time provided, realize the correction to the measuring error in long-term measuring process, to reach the object of continuous structure sound state strain measurement.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopts following technical scheme: a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor and denoising method, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: based on optical fiber or carbon fiber distributed strain sensing characteristics, obtains and the actual measurement district of structural strain relating to parameters and the reference area relevant with issuable noise in measuring process;
Step 2: with reference to the live signal successively wavelet decomposition of multiple measurement points that district comprises, obtain the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, and set up VEC, treatment step is as follows:
(1) with reference to multiple measurement points that district comprises, successively decompose to n-th layer respectively, obtain the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, N is positive integer;
(2) by regression fit algorithm, integrate the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, obtain the VEC relevant with systematic error in measuring process;
Step 3: by the live signal successively wavelet decomposition of multiple measurement points that actual measurement district comprises, obtain approximation coefficient and the detail coefficients of each measurement point, again by the approximation coefficient of each measurement point of VEC correction, and reconstruct with the detail coefficients of auto adapted filtering, obtain actual measurement district strain signal after revising, treatment step is as follows:
(1) by multiple measurement points that actual measurement district comprises, successively decompose to n-th layer respectively, obtain approximation coefficient and the detail coefficients of each measurement point;
(2) by VEC, the approximation coefficient of each measurement point is revised, obtain the approximation coefficient counteracting systematic error;
(3) by small echo correlativity denoise algorithm, filtering process is carried out to the detail coefficients of each measurement point, obtain the detail coefficients counteracting stochastic error;
(4) calculating is reconstructed to the approximation coefficient of each measurement point in revised actual measurement district and detail coefficients, obtains the real-time Strain Distribution of high precision and pin-point accuracy.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Real-time baseline of the present invention and denoising method, greatly improve the measuring error in optical fiber or carbon fiber distributed strain measurement process, improve the measurement performance of sensor, achieves pin-point accuracy and the strain measurement of high-precision structure sound state.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overview flow chart of the real-time baseline of the present invention and denoising method.
Fig. 2 is with reference to strain and actual measurement strain in example of the present invention.
Fig. 3 surveys actual measurement strain in district, approximation coefficient, and detail coefficients in example of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the actual measurement strain of 3 reference points in reference area in example of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the approximation coefficient of 3 reference points in reference area in example of the present invention.
Fig. 6 surveys with reference to strain in district in example of the present invention, actual measurement strain, and strain after revising.
Fig. 7 is with reference to strain in example of the present invention medium and small range of strain actual measurement district, and strain after revising.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail:
Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, step 1: based on optical fiber or carbon fiber distributed strain sensing characteristics, be defined as the sensing unit overlay area directly contacting, bear strain measurement function with object to be measured and survey district, the scope in actual measurement district is determined by monitoring target and sensitive zones number; And the cell footprint territory directly not contacting, bear Signal transmissions or temperature compensation function with object to be measured is defined as reference area.
Step 2: by tree-like wavelet decomposition, the live signal of L the measurement point comprised with reference to district successively decomposes respectively, stop decomposing when decomposing to when top comprised maximum frequency is less than monitoring target structure first natural frequency, making this top is n-th layer, and N is positive integer; And will the approximation coefficient of L measurement point being obtained, the number of L can not be less than 3; Set up VEC again, its treatment step is as follows:
(1) L the measurement point comprised with reference to district decomposes to the approximation coefficient of n-th layer, the spectrum normalizing calculating corresponding according to L approximation coefficient;
(2) by regression fit algorithm, integrate the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, obtain the VEC relevant with systematic error in measuring process, when the VEC obtained and approximation coefficient difference excessive time increase the measurement point number of reference area.
Step 3: the live signal of M (M the is more than or equal to 3) measurement point comprised in actual measurement district is successively decomposed by tree-like small echo, again by the approximation coefficient of each measurement point of VEC correction, and reconstruct with the detail coefficients of auto adapted filtering, obtain actual measurement district strain signal after revising, it is characterized in that treatment step is as follows:
(1) by M the measurement point that actual measurement district comprises, decompose to the n-th layer same with reference area, obtain approximation coefficient and the detail coefficients of M measurement point;
(2) by VEC, the approximation coefficient of each measurement point is revised, obtain the approximation coefficient counteracting systematic error;
(3) by small echo correlativity denoise algorithm, filtering process is carried out to the detail coefficients of M measurement point, obtain the detail coefficients counteracting stochastic error.
(4) calculating is reconstructed to the approximation coefficient of M the measurement point in revised actual measurement district and detail coefficients, obtains the real-time Strain Distribution of high precision and pin-point accuracy.
In the present invention, the live signal of actual measurement district and reference area is the initialize signal that optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensing technology obtain.
In the present invention, the highest decomposition number of plies N of wavelet decomposition is relevant with sample frequency, and the frequency maxima that n-th layer comprises is less than monitoring target structure first natural frequency, to guarantee the result not affecting structure spectrum analysis in Baseline Survey process.
Medial error correction model of the present invention, relevant with the approximation coefficient of the n-th layer of decomposing, because light transmitting fiber or carbon fiber compensate heart yearn coverage greatly, the mean value of the approximation coefficient of each measurement point in computing reference district can be passed through, to obtain only relevant with systematic error eigenwert.
By calculating the approximation coefficient of each measurement point and the ratio of VEC eigenwert in actual measurement district respectively in the present invention, be used for the amplitude of alignment error correction model, to obtain adjusted mean approximation coefficient, to improve the accuracy of prognoses system error.
By calculating the correlativity of wavelet coefficient between adjacent yardstick respectively in the present invention, obtaining threshold value by minimax variance adaptive, to obtain correction detail coefficients, reaching the object of adaptive cancellation stochastic error.
In order to set forth real-time baseline of the present invention and denoising method further, set forth below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
First be the long gauge length optical fibre cloth of 1 meter by gauge length, be located on the semi-girder of one 3 meters long along anchored end to free end, and the light transmitting fiber leaving 5 meters long is for Signal transmissions, light transmitting fiber is in the free state do not stressed.In the middle part of semi-girder, post a foil gauge, its strain signal is as reference strain.
According to Brillouin scattering mechanism, measure the signal obtaining fiber span with 100Hz sample frequency, semi-girder correspondence position is divided into actual measurement district, the light transmitting fiber of free state is divided into reference area.
Can find with reference to straining contrast according to the strain of actual measurement shown in Fig. 2, the measuring error of surveying strain under the vibration within amplification is 100 microstrains is excessive, can only react variation tendency roughly, can not meet measurement requirement.
To survey strain partitioning according to decomposition method of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, its detail coefficients demonstrates the vibration signal comprising high-frequency information, but its approximation coefficient exceptional value is excessive, needs to revise measuring error.
According to step 2 of the present invention with reference to district's signal decomposition, have chosen 3 reference point in this example.As shown in Figure 4, the measured signal variation tendency of 3 reference point is close, but discrete excessive, is not suitable for directly average or normalizing and obtains the calibration model of systematic error.As shown in Figure 5, the approximation coefficient variation tendency of 3 reference point is basically identical, and because reference area is for free state, the systematic error that its signal intensity can be regarded as due to measuring equipment causes.According to normalizing method of the present invention, obtain calibration model.
Finally according to step 3 of the present invention, actual measurement district signal is revised.As shown in Figure 6, the systematic error counteracting large numerical value that after revising, strain is limited.As shown in Figure 7, within the scope of the small strain of local, after revising, strain is with substantially identical with reference to straining, and still remains with enough signal acutancees under amplitude is 20 microstrains.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, can also make some improvement under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, and these improvement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1., based on real-time baseline and the denoising method of distributed sensor, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: based on optical fiber or carbon fiber distributed strain sensing characteristics, obtains and the actual measurement district of structural strain relating to parameters and the reference area relevant with issuable noise in measuring process;
Step 2: with reference to the live signal successively wavelet decomposition of multiple measurement points that district comprises, obtain the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, and set up VEC, treatment step is as follows:
(1) with reference to multiple measurement points that district comprises, successively decompose to n-th layer respectively, obtain the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, N is positive integer;
(2) by regression fit algorithm, integrate the approximation coefficient of each measurement point, obtain the VEC relevant with systematic error in measuring process;
Step 3: by the live signal successively wavelet decomposition of multiple measurement points that actual measurement district comprises, obtain approximation coefficient and the detail coefficients of each measurement point, again by the approximation coefficient of each measurement point of VEC correction, and reconstruct with the detail coefficients of auto adapted filtering, obtain actual measurement district strain signal after revising, treatment step is as follows:
(1) by multiple measurement points that actual measurement district comprises, successively decompose to n-th layer respectively, obtain approximation coefficient and the detail coefficients of each measurement point;
(2) by VEC, the approximation coefficient of each measurement point is revised, obtain the approximation coefficient counteracting systematic error;
(3) by small echo correlativity denoise algorithm, filtering process is carried out to the detail coefficients of each measurement point, obtain the detail coefficients counteracting stochastic error;
(4) calculating is reconstructed to the approximation coefficient of each measurement point in revised actual measurement district and detail coefficients, obtains the real-time Strain Distribution of high precision and pin-point accuracy.
2. a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor according to claim 1 and denoising method, it is characterized in that actual measurement district directly contacts with object to be measured, bear the function of strain measurement, reference area does not directly contact with object to be measured, bears the function of Signal transmissions or temperature compensation.
3. a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor according to claim 1 and denoising method, is characterized in that: the live signal of described actual measurement district and reference area is the initialize signal that optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensing technology obtain.
4. a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor according to claim 1 and denoising method, it is characterized in that: in described step 2 and step 3, wavelet decomposition is tree-like wavelet decomposition, N is relevant with sample frequency for its Decomposition order, and the frequency maxima that n-th layer comprises must not be greater than monitoring target structure first natural frequency.
5. a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor according to claim 1 and denoising method, it is characterized in that: described step 2 medial error correction model, relevant with the approximation coefficient of the n-th layer of decomposing, the approximation coefficient of each measurement point in difference computing reference district, its mean value is as the eigenwert of VEC.
6. a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor according to claim 1 and denoising method, it is characterized in that: in described step 3 during adjusted mean approximation coefficient, calculate the approximation coefficient of each measurement point and the ratio of VEC eigenwert in actual measurement district respectively, be used for the amplitude of alignment error correction model, reach the object of bucking-out system error.
7. a kind of real-time baseline based on distributed sensor according to claim 1 and denoising method, it is characterized in that: when revising detail coefficients in described step 3, calculate the correlativity of wavelet coefficient between adjacent yardstick respectively, obtain threshold value by minimax variance adaptive, reach the object offsetting stochastic error.
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