CN109575110A - 一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用 - Google Patents
一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用,涉及荧光探针的改造与应用技术领域。本发明所述荧光探针的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。所述荧光探针具有在体外和体内亚细胞器间隔区对酸碱度同样灵敏的特性;且可成功转运至苔藓类囊体中,从而指示光合作用时类囊体内质子浓度的变化,还可用于植物发生抗逆反应组织器官间质子变化检测,细胞分裂过程中酸碱度变化,根细胞吸收传输营养物质时的PH动态变化等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针的改造与应用技术领域,具体涉及一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用。
背景技术
叶绿体是植物最重要的细胞器之一,是光合作用的工厂,并在此过程中产生细胞活动需要的能量ATP和NADPH。在叶绿体内发挥作用的大部分蛋白质(95%以上)由核基因编码,在细胞质中合成,然后经过Tic/Toc复合体跨膜转运进入叶绿体,定位于类囊体的蛋白进而通过Sec或Tat途径转运到正确的位置。质子动力势ΔpH(proton motive force)是植物光合磷酸化反应的产物,推动类囊体膜上ATPase蛋白复合体在水解产生ATP,也是光合系统上的蛋白质跨越类囊体膜能量的来源。类囊体质子动力势如何变化是一个经典的光化学问题,一直未能解决。光合领域中对于类囊体质子动力势的来源存在着很大的争议,质子是来源于膜表面还是类囊体腔内溶液?前人的报道采用小分子荧光染料9-氨基吖啶(9-aminoacridine)渗透到离体叶绿体,经过荧光光度计测量叶绿体发生光合作用时荧光变化从而获得了基本的数据。然而,该染料无法在质子浓度变化低于1.8时显示荧光差异,因与膜蛋白结合而给出大量假阳性荧光信号,如何开发灵敏而特异性的荧光探针成为了另一个面临的问题。
从水母中克隆的荧光蛋白在生物试验中应用广泛,基因工程改良后产生了一系列衍生物作为报告基因用于蛋白质定位,实时监测基因表达,蛋白互作,细胞间信息交换,根细胞离子浓度动态等。为适应植物细胞的表达,改造了密码子优化,命名为SGFP。1998年Nature首次报道了GFP蛋白中酪氨酸等几十个具有质子结合或解离能力的氨基酸诱变后激发光谱,从单一激发波长395nm和次级激发波长475nm变为双激发波长,从荧光强度不易受溶液酸碱度影响变为荧光强度可随环境改变。当溶液呈碱性时395nm主要激发波长,当溶液呈酸性时475nm转变成主要激发波长,且这两个激发光光强的比值与溶液PH值成正比。然而该蛋白在动物细胞适用,而转化到植物细胞中蛋白质凝结,不能形成正确的构象,无法用于植物。(G.Miesenbock,D.A.De Angelis,J.E.Rothman,Visualizing secretion andsynaptic transmission with pH-sensitive green fluorescent proteins,Nature 394(1998)192~195)。
2017年已经有可在植物细胞中应用的质子敏感探针pHluorin,但是pHluorin探针在蛋白N端融合了细菌来源的序列,在植物中的表达量受到密码子偏爱性的影响而不能稳定的发射荧光(Hong et al,A new fluorescence-based method to monitor the pH inthe thylakoid lumen using GFP variants.BBRC,2017,486,1-5)。目前,并没有一种可在植物细胞中应用的灵敏度高的质子敏感型探针。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用,在植物细胞中荧光信号更强,可应用范围更广。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针,所述荧光探针的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
本发明还提供了所述荧光探针在检测植物细胞器内质子浓度变化中的应用。
优选的,所述植物细胞器包括与光合作用、抗逆反应、细胞分裂和根吸收相关的细胞器。
优选的,所述细胞器为叶绿体或质体
本发明提供了一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针,在植物特异GFP序列的基础上针对11个影响光谱和质子结合能力的氨基酸进行突变,显示出激发光和发射光谱根据环境质子浓度改变,将该蛋白命名为PHGFPm,三维结构预测显示与原始GFP蛋白一样具有β-桶状结构和深埋于中心的发色基团。在本发明实施例中,体外细菌表达的PHGFPm突变体蛋白在质子浓度梯度缓冲液(PH5.5~8.5)中显示的荧光光谱反应出质子浓度敏感性和线性关联。当将PHGFPm引导进入叶绿体,可在瞬时转化植物原生质体中可成功用荧光强度反应细胞器内质子浓度。同时由于所述PHGFPm突变体蛋白在体外和体内亚细胞器间隔区也有对酸碱度灵敏的特性,因此还可用于植物发生抗逆反应组织器官间质子变化,细胞分裂过程中酸碱度变化,根细胞吸收传输营养物质时的pH动态变化等的检测。
附图说明
图1为突变前蛋白sGFP(query)与突变体蛋白PHGFPm(subjct)序列比对图;
图2为PHGFPm蛋白的立体结构图;
图3为荧光光谱分析结果图;
图4为PHGFPm蛋白体外类囊体转运实验结果图;
图5为PEG介导转化原生质体后经红光诱导的荧光强度。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针,所述荧光探针的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
本发明所述荧光探针的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示:MAQAMASSMAGCLRGCSSQTVLEGSLQFSGPNRLSLLHGNTNNVNKVTTRSSVTVRAQQQESSRRAVIGLVATGLVSSSFVQAVLAEAIPIKVGGPPPMVSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTLVTTFTYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKDDGNILGHKLEYNYNEHLVYIMADKQKNGTKAIFQVHHNIEDGGVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLHTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITHGMDELYK。本发明所述荧光探针是利用植物密码子优化过的GFP人工合成的点突变体,所述荧光探针与所述GFP的氨基酸序列比对如图1所示,共存在11处点突变,分别为:E133D,S148E,N150L,I162T,V164A,N165I,K167Q,I168V,R169H,S176G,S203H。本发明所述密码子优化优选为在点突变后的GFP蛋白N端融合psbQ信号肽加10个成熟氨基酸,所述psbQ信号肽序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示:MAQAMASSMAGCLRGCSSQTVLEGSLQFSGPNRLSLLHGNTNNVNKVTTRSSVTVRAQQQESSRRAVIGLVATGLVSSSFVQAVLAEA;所述10个成熟氨基酸的序列如SEQ IDNO.3所示:IPIKVGGPPP。本发明将所述荧光探针命名为PHGFPm蛋白。
本发明所述荧光探针的三维结构如图2所示,与原始GFP蛋白一样显示β-桶状(β-can),发色基团Ser-Tyr-Gly交联形成的荧光活性中心深埋于结构中心。
本发明还提供了所述荧光探针在检测植物细胞器内质子浓度变化中的应用。
本发明所述植物细胞器包括与光合作用、抗逆反应、细胞分裂和根吸收相关的细胞器。本发明所述细胞器优选为耶律特/质体。
在本发明中,当利用所述荧光探针检测光合作用、抗逆反应、细胞分裂和根吸收相关的叶绿体或质体中质子浓度变化时,优选将所述荧光探针导入到类囊体,人工激发光合作用的过程,运用共聚焦显微镜成像和荧光光度计测量带有绿色荧光蛋白的类囊体内质子浓度的变化。本发明对所述导入的方法并没有特殊限定。
本发明所述荧光探针具有在体外和体内亚细胞器间隔区对酸碱度同样灵敏的特性;且可成功转运至苔藓类囊体中,从而指示植物发生抗逆反应组织器官间质子变化和植物细胞分裂过程酸碱度变化。本发明对所述转运的方法并没有特殊限定。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的对质子浓度发生相应的荧光探针及其应用进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
活性叶绿体类囊体活性制备
叶绿体来源于生长7天的小立碗藓原丝体材料,收集1g小立碗藓原丝体加入30mL崩溃酶,裂解30min后离心收集细胞,8%甘露醇溶液洗涤三次,然后加入40%-80%percoll梯度离心获得中间层,收集后加入LS buffer(10mM MES,5mM MgCl2,pH6.5),冰上静置5分钟后12000g离心5min,然后将沉淀悬浮于IB buffer(0.33M sorbitol,50mM HEPS,pH8)备用。
实施例2
载体构建与蛋白表达
将PHGFPm蛋白序列由生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司合成到载体PGEMT上,用于体外大麦系统蛋白合成。同时该序列插入到蛋白表达载体pET-23a的XbaI/XhoI酶切位点。导入到大肠杆菌细胞系BL21Star cells(Invitrogen)。
pET-23a细胞在2×YT培养基(16g/L胰蛋白胨,10g/L酵母粉,5g/L NaCl)培养时添加1mM IPTG,在20℃诱导20小时后收集细胞,6000g离心10min并悬浮于缓冲液BB1(50mMTris,pH8,0.5M NaCl,25mM咪唑,2μg/mL抑肽酶,200μM苯甲基磺酰氟,2μg/mL胃蛋白酶,1μg/mL亮抑酶肽).利用微流化床(Microfluidics Corp.,Newton,MA)在14,000psi压强下破碎细胞,15000g离心30min后将上清液导入洗脱柱Ni-NTA column(Qiagen)用洗脱液(50mMHEPES缓冲液,pH8,1.0M NaCl,25mM咪唑)洗涤三次后,用溶解液EB(50mM Tris,pH8,0.5MNaCl,250mM咪唑)溶解。纯化好的蛋白利用交换柱Amicon Ultracel-15(Millipore)置换后最终溶解于(16.7mM MES,16.7mM tricine and 16.7mM PIPES,pH7.5,50mM KCl and 10%glycerol)中备用。
将制备好的蛋白质用Fluorolog-322spectrofluorometer(Horiba Scientific,Edison,NJ).体外测定荧光光谱,分别利用10M KOH调节pH为5.5到8.5之间,测定结果如图3-A所示:接收光最大值在波长530nm处,激发光谱显示两个主峰,分别位于395nm和475nm。
选择530nm波长为接受光,使用KOH调节缓冲液(25mM HEPES,pH7.5,50mM KCl and10%glycerol,16.7mM MES,16.7mM tricine and 16.7mM PIPES)的酸碱度,使其pH值分布从5.5到8.5,产生质子浓度梯度后分别在pH5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5,8.0,8.5测量接收光谱,测定结果如图3-B所示:pH值与激发光主峰荧光强度的比值(F475/395)之间存在关联用公式表示为y=-0.3292x3+7.4854x2-56.725x+143.63,其中x表示pH值,y表示荧光强度。
可见大肠杆菌表达的突变体蛋白在质子浓度梯度缓冲液中显示的荧光光谱反应出其对质子浓度敏感。
实施例3
体外转运实验
体外蛋白翻译使用大麦体系wheat germ system(Promega or tRNA Probes),合成溶液中加入[3H]-leucine和未标记氨基酸(Lo and Theg 2011)。翻译完成后添加2μL到18μL离体类囊体混合3mM ATP白光照30min,进行转运实验。然后添加600μL importbuffer(330mM sorbitol,50mM Tricine,and 3mM MgCl2,pH 8.0)终止反应。
3,000g离心5min后收集类囊体,悬浮于sample buffer(50mM Tris-HCl at pH6.8,2%SDS,10%glycerol,1%β-mercaptoethanol,12.5mM EDTA,0.02%bromophenolblue),100℃干浴10min,最后SDS-PAGE跑胶并放射自显影观察结果。
结果如图4所示,其中L表示光反应下类囊体转运实验产物;Tr表示20%放射性同位素标记后的体外合成蛋白前体;Pr表示前体蛋白;M表示剪切掉信号肽后的成熟蛋白,PHGFPm蛋白体外类囊体转运实验,表明该蛋白可以成功转运到叶绿体类囊体。
实施例4
苔藓原生质体制备和转化
1、利用终浓度为2%的崩溃酶(用8%manitol溶液配制)将1周原丝体的小立碗藓原丝体材料在25℃进行裂解约30min,镜检裂解效果,当大部分原生质体都裂解成原生质体后,用尼龙膜过滤原生质体,滤液里是含原生质体的酶液,低速离心收集原生质体;用8%的manitol溶液洗涤原生质体3次,最后一次计数,用相应的3M溶液重悬原生质,所得溶液即为可用原生质体溶液;
2、取20ug左右带同源重组臂的线性化目的片段于热激管,加入300uL的原生质体溶液和300uL的40%的PEG混匀,45℃热激5min,20℃10min;3、用8%manitol梯度复苏热激后产物,铺BCD板;
4、利用BCD-BCD+抗生素-BCD-BCD+抗生素(每个阶段约一周)的筛选条件进行筛选;挑取最后一次筛选后的配子体移植至新BCD培养基生长,鉴定激发光波长为405nm和488nm下的相对荧光强度。结果如图5所示:经PEG介导转化原生质体后测试红光诱导质子浓度变化下荧光动力学,在共聚焦显微镜下检测显示在特征激发光下光强随着红光诱导的光合作用过程中类囊体质子浓度变化而变化,可用于指示细胞器内质子浓度变化。
本发明提供了一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用,所述荧光探针具有在体外和体内亚细胞器间隔区对酸碱度同样灵敏的特性;且可成功转运至苔藓类囊体中,从而指示光合作用时类囊体内质子浓度的变化,还可用于植物发生抗逆反应组织器官间质子变化检测,细胞分裂过程中酸碱度变化,根细胞吸收传输营养物质时的PH动态变化等;与质子敏感探针pHluorin相比,在植物细胞中荧光信号更强,可应用范围更广。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 中国科学院昆明植物研究所
<120> 一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针及其应用
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Ser Ser Gln Thr Val Leu Glu Gly Ser Leu Gln Phe Ser Gly Pro Asn
20 25 30
Arg Leu Ser Leu Leu His Gly Asn Thr Asn Asn Val Asn Lys Val Thr
35 40 45
Thr Arg Ser Ser Val Thr Val Arg Ala Gln Gln Gln Glu Ser Ser Arg
50 55 60
Arg Ala Val Ile Gly Leu Val Ala Thr Gly Leu Val Ser Ser Ser Phe
65 70 75 80
Val Gln Ala Val Leu Ala Glu Ala
85
<210> 3
<211> 10
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
Ile Pro Ile Lys Val Gly Gly Pro Pro Pro
1 5 10
Claims (4)
1.一种对质子浓度发生响应的荧光探针,其特征在于,所述荧光探针的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示。
2.权利要求1所述荧光探针在检测植物细胞器内质子浓度变化中的应用。
3.根据权利要求2所述应用,其特征在于,所述植物细胞器包括与光合作用、抗逆反应、细胞分裂和根吸收相关的细胞器。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述应用,其特征在于,所述细胞器为叶绿体或质体。
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