CN109574232A - A kind of system and method for crab pool biological cleaning and water circulation use - Google Patents
A kind of system and method for crab pool biological cleaning and water circulation use Download PDFInfo
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- CN109574232A CN109574232A CN201811548638.3A CN201811548638A CN109574232A CN 109574232 A CN109574232 A CN 109574232A CN 201811548638 A CN201811548638 A CN 201811548638A CN 109574232 A CN109574232 A CN 109574232A
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- water
- crab
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- pond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of biological cleaning of crab pool and the system of water circulation use, which includes: culture pond, ecological canal, stabilization pond and inland river purifying area.The invention also discloses a kind of biological cleaning of crab pool and the methods of water circulation use, comprising: culture pond tail water is discharged into ecological canal；The water outlet of ecological canal is discharged into stabilization pond, is decomposed by the synergistic effect of growing plants in the pool and microorganism and absorbs pollutant；The water outlet of stabilization pond is discharged into crab pool periphery inland river, after inland river purifying area further purifies, then is pumped into culture pond.The control of aquaculture pollution of area source and water resource are recycled and are combined by the present invention, to reach biological cleaning and water-saving double effects, have good ecological environment benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation tail water purification and the regeneration complex ecological technologies of water, belong to cultivation water process neck
The system and method for domain more particularly to a kind of biological cleaning of crab pool and water circulation use.
Background technique
To seek economic benefit, along with the aquaculture model of high load and high investment, culture of Chinese mitten crab industry occurs highly dense
Degree, intensive, scale feature.Remaining bait and river crab excreta in breeding process etc. cause organic in breeding water body
The nutrition contents such as matter, nitrogen, phosphorus are high, dissolved oxygen decline.Therefore, dealing carefully with breeding wastewater is to solve water body pollution of area source to ask
The important breakthrough mouth of topic.Traditional aquaculture model changes the growing environment of river crab by changing the means of water greatly, every in high temperature season
Month carry out more than twice change water greatly, the breeding wastewater of discharge is often unprocessed to be just directly discharged into river, causes water resource huge
Big waste, while also making crab pool surrounding body eutrophication, seriously destroy water ecological environment.How to purify and utilize the crab pool to support
Waste water is grown, oneself, which becomes, realizes culture of Chinese mitten crab sustainable development, improves culture of Chinese mitten crab benefit and protects the crucial skill of water ecological environment
Art is also a problem to be solved.
Compared with traditional aquaculture model, circulating water cultivation can reduce the pollution to environment, reduce to energy, soil and water
The consumption of resource, but circulation is mostly based on physics, chemical method processing at present, and investment and operating cost are higher, management
Complexity is not suitable for the utilization and extention of cultivating large area.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide one kind for solving the problems, such as that crab pool large-scale cultivation generates pollution of area source
Biological cleaning and water circulation use system, including for ecologic breeding culture pond and utilize water plant, microorganism, water
Ecological canal, stabilization pond, the inland river purifying area for the compound biological purification technology that lively object is constituted gradually cut down the crab pool and cultivate face source
Pollution, and realize recycling for water.
It is a further object to provide a kind of biological cleaning of crab pool and the methods of water circulation use.
Technical solution: the system of the crab pool of the present invention biological cleaning and water circulation use, comprising: culture pond, ecology
Irrigation canals and ditches, stabilization pond, inland river purifying area, before four facilities are two neighboring is sequentially communicated, last inland river purifying area again with culture pond
Connection.
The culture pond uses crab-grass-spiral shell aquaculture model: cultivating river crab in the pool, the collocation of the pool bottom plantation waterweed, hardship
The submerged plants such as grass, hydrilla verticillata, and launch appropriate spiral shell.Submerged plant and spiral shell are both the natural bait of river crab, supplement river
The food of crab, and have the function of purifying water.
Preferably, the culture pond depth of water is 1~1.5m, and side slope ratio is 1:2~1:3, passes through bait throwing in cultivating river crab in the pool,
Artitificial food mainly has pellet, animal bait etc..
Preferably, the submerged plant of the culture pond bottom plantation includes: waterweed, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata.Wherein, described
Waterweed is 20-30 kgs/acre using method plantation, density is planted 2~March of early spring；The hydrilla verticillata the Ching Ming Festival before adopt
With stem segmentation cuttage plantation is cut, density is 20-25 kgs/acre；The eel grass in the Ching Ming Festival before using sowing implantation methods,
Dosage is 0.10-0.15 kgs/acre.Waterweed, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata can directly absorb phosphorus and nitrogen from water, purification
Water quality provides habitat for the periodical shell of river crab.In addition, plant is rich in crude fibre and microelement, facilitate river crab
Digestion and absorption to a variety of foods.But submerged plant needs regular intervals of time to gather in, and avoids planting while taking away water pollutant
Object rots to decompose, consumes oxygen.
Preferably, the injected volume of the spiral shell be 400-500 kgs/acre, the Ching Ming Festival after and mid-July launch in two batches
Into culture pond, spiral shell has the function of filter food, can effectively reduce planktonic organism content in the crab pool, increases the transparency of water body, may be used also
Life food as river crab.
The ecological canal includes side slope and base slope, builds ordinary fired brick after Slope leveling, can play stable sloping bank, prevent
The purpose only collapsed, and the growth of submerged plant in irrigation canals and ditches is not interfered；Ecological canal canal bottom be soil property, plantation water caltrop, she
The submerged plants such as happy algae can play the role of clarifying water quality, absorb degradation area source pollutants.
Preferably, the ecological canal depth is 1.2~1.8m, and side slope ratio is 1:0.5~1:1.
The stabilization pond is connected by the way of diagonal line Inlet and outlet water by 2 to 3 pools, pool bottom kind planting submerged plant, side slope
Planting emergent aquactic plant, the submerged plant and emergent aquactic plant has good absorption detergent power to nitrogen phosphorus, and has centainly
Economic value；It is launched in the pool for filtering the spiral shell for eating planktonic organism, bighead, silver carp, improves water quality.
Preferably, the stabilization pond area accounts for the 8%~20% of the culturing area gross area, 1~1.5m of design head, side slope
Than for 1:2~1:3.
Preferably, the submerged plant of stabilization pond pool bottom plantation includes: hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, waterweed, water caltrop；
Preferably, the emergent aquactic plant of the stabilization pond side slope plantation includes: reed, wild rice stem, cattail, water chestnut, arrowhead, water
Celery.
Preferably, the spiral shell throw-in density in the stabilization pond is 150g/m2；Launching season is clear and bright front and back.
Preferably, the bighead in the stabilization pond, silver carp throw-in density are 250-500 tail/mu, wherein flathead silver carp puts seedling most
The good time is April.
The inland river purifying area needs side slope to be transformed, in interior riverside slope plantation detergent power strong water plant and warp
Ji plant.
Preferably, the side slope ratio of the inland river purifying area is 1:2~1:3.
Preferably, the strong water plant of the detergent power includes: reed, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani, canna.
Preferably, the economic plants includes: water chestnut, Chinese celery, wild rice stem.
The method of a kind of crab pool biological cleaning of the present invention and water circulation use, comprising:
Culture pond water inlet receives the river water on crab pool periphery, and tail water is discharged into ecological canal by gravity flow mode；
Ecological canal water outlet is discharged into stabilization pond；
Water outlet after stabilization pond decomposing, purifying is discharged into the inland river around the crab pool；
Through inland river purifying area, further purified water is re-used as crab pool cultivation water.
The utility model has the advantages that method of the present invention has the advantage that
1, culture pond uses crab-grass-spiral shell mode, realizes water quality purification function while scientific culture；
2, ecological canal be brick canal, side slope block have ordinary fired brick, cost is relatively low, and can by canal bottom adsorption by soil,
A series of effects such as plant absorption, microbial degradation reduce pollutant load in tail water, play draining and purify water dual
Function；
3, stabilization pond is convenient for excavating, and design can increase the mobility of water body and the distance of flowing, when increasing the stop of water
Between, promote pollutant to decompose；Animals and plants type is more in the pool, and bio-diversity is relatively abundant, can play the stable ecosystem
Effect；
4, inland river purifying area utilizes the self-purification capacity and emergent aquactic plant absorbed nitrogen of natural river course on the basis of side slope is transformed
The function of phosphorus etc. can be realized the further purification to crab pool tail water, it is ensured that discharge water quality reaching standard；
5, the present invention can also be achieved recycling for water resource while purifying water, and investment is low, low energy consumption, process
Journey and natural ecosystems have bigger blending, are able to achieve water nutrition balance and circulate, can enhance oneself of water body
Net energy power has good treatment effect to the pollution of area source of breeding water body.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is techniqueflow chart in present example；
Fig. 3 is culture pond sectional view in present example；
Fig. 4 is ecological canal sectional view in present example；
Fig. 5 is stabilization pond sectional view in present example.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below with reference to specific example and attached drawing.With the cultivation of Suzhou City steamed crab industrial park
For the purification of pool tail water and water circulation use, system and the side of a kind of crab pool biological cleaning of the present invention and water circulation use
Method is embodied as follows.
1, project scale is designed
The industrial park culture pond area is 1146.9 mu, totally 39.6 mu of ecological canal occupied area；Stabilization pond area is
172.3 mu, account for 13% (not including inland river) of the culturing area gross area；Totally 290.8 mu of the inland river water surface area on crab pool periphery.
2, water and design water quality are designed
Culture pond water discharge time is divided into early period (the 3-5 month) to change the water time as foundation according to culture of Chinese mitten crab operating instruction,
Mid-term (the 6-9 month) and later period (the 10-11 month) three phases.10 days early periods changed a water, mean displacement 15292.8m3/d；
Change a water, mean displacement 51593.0m within mid-term 3 days3/d；Changed a water within later period 15 days, mean displacement is
10195.2m3/d.For the normal operation for guaranteeing tail water biological purifying process, the quantity of exchanged water for respectively changing water period is assigned to daily,
Daily displacement is adjusted according to the different water frequencys of changing, to reduce the hydraulic loading of tail water purification process, guarantees Ecology
Cleaning project operates normally.Table 1 lists culture pond according to the actual situation and changes the water frequency and change water depth, according to the above letter
Breath, takes the displacement maximum value in each cultivation period, i.e. mid-term displacement 51593.0m3/ d designs discharge meter as crab pool tail water
The composite system is calculated to the clean-up effect of cultivation area source pollutants.
1 culture pond tail water displacement predictor table of table
According to related water function area dividing, the water quality needs that the purified tail water of culture pond is discharged into this project location river reach
To III class in " water environment quality standard " (GB3838-2002).The standard limited value of specific targets is shown in Table 2.
2 water environment quality standard elementary item standard limited value unit of table: mg/L
3, technological design
This project culture pond area is 1146.9 mu, is divided into 15 areas, arranges culture pond 117 altogether, normal farm pond
Single about 10 mu of area, by the way of ejectment separation, the main ridge width 3m of culture pond, the secondary wide 2m in the ridge, side slope ratio is 1:3, cultivation
Pool design head 1.2m.Single culture pond diagrammatic cross-section is shown in Fig. 3.
For culture pond internal buckle crab stocking size at 100-120/kilograms, mu stocking rate 600-800 only, puts button crab in a suitable place to breed in March
Terminate before bottom.The artitificial food that the crab pool is launched has pellet, animal bait and vegetal bait etc..At the pool bottom of culture pond
The vegetal bait that a variety of submerged plants such as interplanting waterweed, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata are fond of as river crab, saves aquaculture cost.
Meanwhile submerged plant itself can sunshading and temperature reducing, provide nice and cool growing environment for river crab in high temperature sweltering heat weather, can also be used as
The protection place of river crab shell.Wherein, the submerged plants such as waterweed, eel grass can also directly absorb nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water, purification
Water quality, photosynthesis can increase the dissolved oxygen in water body.
Waterweed is cold-resistant, and adaptable, temperature can be grown at 5 DEG C or more, can be got in cold winter with trophosome
Winter, therefore planted before crab species are put in a suitable place to breed, vegetation coverage controls within 20%；
Eel grass, hydrilla verticillata are planted before Clear and Bright in summer high temperature season well-grown, wherein hydrilla verticillata covering
Rate is 60% or so, eel grass coverage rate 20% or so.
Submerged plant is planted in " item " shape or " well " shape, every about 3-5 meters of plantation width, convenient for management and harvesting.Wheel blade
Black algae and waterweed are respectively adopted cuttage and plant method plantation, and dosage is 20-25 kgs/acre, and eel grass is based on sowing, dosage
It is 0.15 kg/acre.
Snail, as " the endogenous life food " of river crab, provides spiral shell pieces of an egg, children in culture of Chinese mitten crab early period in culture pond
The bait such as spiral shell provide high protein bait in the culture of Chinese mitten crab intermediary and later stages, therefore the input amount of commercial feed can be reduced by launching spiral shell；Spiral shell
Snail has filter food function, and life of swimming is effectively reduced in pond in planktonic organism and corrupt organic matter in the culture pond that can directly ingest
Object content plays the role of purifying water.
The spiral shell mu injected volume of culture pond is 400-500 kgs/acre, if the primary excessive dispensing of spiral shell, easily causes water body to lack
Oxygen or because spiral shell water quality caused by planktonic organism of largely ingesting is thin, therefore point two batches of dispensing better effects, for the first time before Clear and Bright
After launch, injected volume is the 60% of total amount, and second launches in mid-July.
Ecological canal as shown in Figure 4, totally 39.6 mu of occupied area, overall length 6063.1m, ditch depth 1.7m, side slope
Than doing slope protection using ordinary fired brick for 1:0.5, nature slight slope is compared, brick side slope can play stable sloping bank, prevent from collapsing
Purpose；It is compared with concrete revetment, the surface Zhuan Qu is rough, and temperature change is relatively small, the river crab conveniently escaped out and other are aquatic
The water-land activity of the young of animal such as frog and toad, while the surface Zhuan Qu can also grow attached plant and algae.Soil property canal
Bottom, submerged plants, the planting densities such as collocation plantation eel grass, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, water caltrop are shown in Table 3.Submerged plant is growing
The nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in tail water are directly absorbed in the process, also can be used as the existence, feeding, sheltered situation of aquatic animal, moreover it is possible to rise
To the function of consolidating bed mud, the sedimentation for promoting suspended matter, increase water transparency.Ecological canal is as between the crab pool and stabilization pond
Intermediate zone, can by a series of effects such as adsorption by soil, plant absorption, microbial degradation, reduce tail water pollutant contain
Amount, the dual function for playing draining and purifying water.
Stabilization pond is located at the end of culture zone draining, and area is 172.3 mu, design head 1.5m, and side slope ratio is 1:3, is had
Effect volume is 214845.3m3.By the way of diagonal line Inlet and outlet water, hydraulic detention time 97.3h may advantageously facilitate pollution
Object decomposes.Plant reed, wild rice stem, cattail, water chestnut, the emergent aquactic plants such as Chinese celery in side slope, pool bottom plant hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, she
The submerged plants such as happy algae, water caltrop；Cattail, water caltrop, Chinese celery have certain tolerance to cold, arrange in pairs or groups and plant with other water plants,
Detergent power of the stabilization pond in winter under cryogenic conditions is maintained, planting density is shown in Table 3.Naturally stocking density is 150g/m in the pool2
Spiral shell and density be 250-500 tail/mu silver carp, bighead.After stabilization pond is built up, it is dirty that the face source from culture pond can be cut down
Object is contaminated, beautifies the environment, also can increase the ecological effect of engineering.
Inland river purifying area water surface area is 290.8 mu, and side slope ratio is 1:3, mean depth 0.95m, is planted in interior riverside slope
Resistance to soiling is strong and has the water plant of certain landscape effect, such as reed, cattail, canna, chrysanthemum calamus, Scirpus tabernaemontani and water chestnut
The economic plants such as shepherd's purse, Chinese celery, wild rice stem, inland river water plant planting density are shown in Table 3.
3 water plant planting density of table
4, clean-up effect
The relevant parameter that purification processes at different levels are calculated is shown in Table 4, and clean-up effect is shown in Table 5.
In culture pond, remaining bait and the excreta of river crab etc. have an impact quality of aquiculture pool.It is connect after bait throwing in
Nearly 10% bait dissolves in immediately becomes suspended matter in water.In the breeding process, bait generally can not be ingested completely by river crab, residual
The excreta of the bait and river crab that stay also exacerbates cultivation in pond bottom with solid deposited other than being dissolved in water with solubilised state
The degree of pool water eutrophication.The submerged plants such as waterweed, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata are planted in culture pond, in growth course
In can directly from water body and bed mud the nutriments such as absorbed nitrogen phosphorus, and can pass through photosynthesis discharge oxygen, improve culture pond
Water quality.As shown in table 5, after measured, the permanganate index in crab pool cultivation tail water, total nitrogen, total phosphorus be respectively 21.8mg/L,
3.5mg/L、0.5mg/L。
For culture pond tail water after ecological canal purifies, organic matter removal rate is 19%, the removal rate difference of total nitrogen and total phosphorus
For 23% and 22%；After the purified water of ecological canal flows through stabilization pond, organic matter removal rate is 55%, and total nitrogen and total phosphorus are gone
Except rate is respectively 52% and 38%, effluent quality can reach surface water IV class standard；It is organic again after the purification of inland river natural river course
Matter removal rate is 25%, nitrogen removal rate 23%, and total tp removal rate is 17%, and effluent quality is up to surface water Group III standard.
In conclusion the crab pool cultivates tail water after the purification process, the total removal rate of permanganate index, total phosphorus and total nitrogen is distinguished
Reach 72%, 71% and 60%, water outlet meets the needs of culture of Chinese mitten crab water, and purified inland river water is pumped into culture pond and realizes water
Recycle.
The purification parameter designing at different levels of table 4
The technique clean-up effect at different levels of table 5
Claims (10)
1. the system of a kind of biological cleaning of crab pool and water circulation use, which is characterized in that the system includes: culture pond, ecological ditch
Canal, stabilization pond and inland river purifying area；Culture pond is connected to ecological canal, and ecological canal is connected to stabilization pond, stabilization pond and inland river
Purifying area connection, inland river purifying area are connected to culture pond.
2. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the culture pond
Using crab-grass-spiral shell aquaculture model, cultivating river crab in the pool, a pool bottom collocation kind planting submerged plant, and launch spiral shell.
3. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the culture pond
The depth of water is 1~1.5m, and side slope ratio is 1:2~1:3.
4. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the ecology ditch
The side slope of canal is ordinary fired brick, and base slope is soil property, canal bottom kind planting submerged plant.
5. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the ecology ditch
The depth of canal is 1.2~1.8m, and side slope ratio is 1:0.5~1:1.
6. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the stabilization pond
The 8%~20% of the culturing area gross area is accounted for, side slope ratio is 1:2~1:3,1~1.5m of the depth of water.
7. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: stabilization pond soil
Dike is divided into 2 to 3 series connection pools, by the way of diagonal line Inlet and outlet water, pool bottom kind planting submerged plant, and side slope kind emergent aquactic plant,
Throw-in density is 150g/m in the pool2Spiral shell and density be 250-500 tail/mu silver carp, bighead.
8. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the inland river is net
The side slope ratio for changing area is 1:2~1:3.
9. the system of the crab pool according to claim 1 biological cleaning and water circulation use, it is characterised in that: the inland river is net
Change the bank slope plantation detergent power in area strong water plant, economic plants and landscape plant.
10. the method for a kind of biological cleaning of crab pool and water circulation use, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
Culture pond water inlet receives the river water on crab pool periphery, and tail water is discharged into ecological canal by gravity flow mode；
Ecological canal water outlet is discharged into stabilization pond；
Water outlet after stabilization pond decomposing, purifying is discharged into the inland river around the crab pool；
Through inland river purifying area, further purified water is re-used as crab pool cultivation water.
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| CN201811548638.3A CN109574232A (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2018-12-18 | A kind of system and method for crab pool biological cleaning and water circulation use |
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Application publication date: 20190405 |