CN109565991B - Landscape construction method for restoring farmland ecosystem in ecological sensitive area - Google Patents

Landscape construction method for restoring farmland ecosystem in ecological sensitive area Download PDF

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CN109565991B
CN109565991B CN201811588616.XA CN201811588616A CN109565991B CN 109565991 B CN109565991 B CN 109565991B CN 201811588616 A CN201811588616 A CN 201811588616A CN 109565991 B CN109565991 B CN 109565991B
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soil
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CN109565991A (en
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彭士涛
郑天立
孙嘉徽
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Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering MOT
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a landscape construction method for restoring a farmland ecosystem in an ecological sensitive area, which comprises the following steps: A. investigating soil, water and climate of a place where landscape building is needed, and determining ecological characteristics of species; B. determining varieties and seed quantity ratios of species for landscape construction according to plant morphology, planting mode, ecological habits and community stability; C. selecting an open ground at a place where landscape construction is needed to carry out a seeding test for screening seeds, wherein test variables are respectively seeding season, planting soil type, seed particle size and seed seeding density; D. c, selecting a combination with highest average rate of emergence, stable and natural community and low artificial management and protection pressure according to the result of the test in the step C; E. implementing the species combination mode and the planting mode obtained by the test to the actual restoration of the farmland ecosystem needing landscape construction at the periphery; f, post management; the invention has low cost, less manual management in later period, good ecological restoration effect and natural aesthetic feeling.

Description

Landscape construction method for restoring farmland ecosystem in ecological sensitive area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a landscape construction method for restoring a farmland ecosystem in an ecological sensitive area.
Background
The farmland provides 66% of grain supply all over the world, is a composite ecosystem for human beings to produce food and other agricultural products required by human beings by utilizing the relationship between farmland organisms and non-biological environments and between farmland biological populations, is the basis of the existence and development of the human society, and has ecosystem service functions of maintaining the biological and geological cycles and hydrologic cycles of life substances, maintaining biological species and genetic diversity, protecting soil fertility, maintaining the balance and stability of atmospheric chemistry and the like. With the development of society and the explosion of population, people enjoy the output of farmland and cause the degradation of farmland due to a non-continuous development mode. In the past 50 years, 40% of farmlands in the world are degraded, a series of environmental and ecological safety problems are caused, and the healthy development of human society is threatened. Therefore, the restoration of damaged and degraded farmland ecosystems becomes an important direction for technical breakthrough in the field of ecological restoration. At present, the farmland ecosystem is mainly restored by the measures of soil discharging, soil dressing, deep ploughing, inhibitor addition, soil improvement by microorganisms, green manure planting and the like. However, the above measures mainly focus on simple ecological restoration, do not comprehensively consider and exert other service functions such as farmland biological cycle and the like, have high manual management pressure, are difficult to grasp the soil discharge depth, reagent dosage and the like, have relatively high cost and may cause secondary damage.
Currently, China is accelerating to promote ecological civilization construction and strictly defending the dead ecological red line. However, for historical reasons, a large number of farmlands still exist in ecologically sensitive, vulnerable areas, such as ecological redline areas, natural conservation areas. The extensive development of the farmland can not only lead to the degradation of the farmland, but also cause serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment. Meanwhile, as a plurality of ecological sensitive areas have unique biological resources and landforms and have greater landscape value, the ecological sensitive areas themselves or the periphery of the ecological sensitive areas are generally developed into tourist attractions. Therefore, the farmland restoration related to the areas needs to consider not only the restoration effect, the cost and the labor input, but also the landscape value, and the restored farmland landscape is harmonious with the surrounding landscape. At present, the farmland restoration is a ubiquitous requirement in China, and aiming at the farmland in an ecological sensitive area, the farmland landscape construction method not only can restore the damaged ecosystem, but also can present a harmonious farmland landscape which is similar to a natural recovery state, and is rapid, low in manufacturing cost and less in later-period management and protection is quite lacking.
Therefore, based on the problems, the landscape building method which is rapid, low in manufacturing cost, less in later-stage manual management, good in ecological restoration effect and rich in natural aesthetics is provided, so that important practical significance is provided for guiding farmland ecological restoration and landscape building in areas such as ecological sensitive areas and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a landscape construction method which is rapid, low in cost, less in later-stage manual management, good in ecological restoration effect and rich in natural aesthetic feeling, so as to guide farmland ecological restoration and landscape construction in areas such as ecological sensitive areas.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a landscape construction method for restoring a farmland ecosystem in an ecological sensitive area comprises the following steps:
A. investigation of ecological environment
Investigating soil, water and climate of a place where landscape construction is needed, selecting a plurality of sample plots, wherein each sample plot comprises at least 3 herbaceous sample recipes of 1m multiplied by 1m, investigating species types, multiple degrees and coverage in each herbaceous sample recipe, and determining ecological characteristics of crops and wild crops for landscape construction;
wherein, the coverage is the percentage of the ratio of the vertical projection area of the overground part of a certain plant in the herbaceous sample prescription to the area of the sample prescription;
B. test species screening
Determining the variety and seed quantity ratio of crops and wild crops for landscape construction according to plant morphology, planting mode, ecological habit and community stability, and ensuring the restoration effect of damaged and degraded farmland ecosystem;
wherein, the community stability calculation process is as follows:
defining T as the sum of the product of species coverage and height in a certain herbaceous prescription, namely:
Figure GDA0003128032400000031
in the formula CiCoverage of the i-th plant in the sample plot, HiIs the height of the ith plant, and N is the number of all plants in the same square;
the colony stability S of the nth plot is:
Figure GDA0003128032400000032
wherein munThe average value of all sample T values in the nth sample area; sigmanIs the nth sampleStandard deviation of T values of all samples in the ground;
C. test of
C1, selecting a test sample plot with a plurality of same areas arranged on an open ground at the site where the landscape is required to be constructed, and performing a seeding test of screening seeds, wherein the test variables are respectively the seeding season, the planting soil type, the seed particle size and the seed seeding density; the seeding seasons comprise summer and winter, the types of planting soil comprise three types of sand covering surface soil, test sample plot surface soil and test sample plot bottom soil, the particle sizes of the seeds comprise large seeds, medium seeds and small seeds, and the seeding density of the seeds comprises high equal seeding density, medium seeding density and low equal seeding density;
c2, sowing seeds with different particle sizes on a plurality of test sample lands respectively at different sowing densities, wherein the types of the planting soil of the test sample lands with the same particle size and the same sowing density are respectively sand covering surface soil, test sample land surface soil and test sample land bottom soil;
c3, sowing in summer and winter according to the sowing method of C2;
D. analysis of test results
Selecting a combination of a seeding season, a planting soil type, a seed grain size and a seed seeding density which have the highest average rate of emergence, stable and natural communities and small artificial management and protection pressure according to the result of the test in the step C;
E. farmland seeding
Implementing the species combination mode and the planting mode obtained by the test to the actual restoration of the farmland ecosystem needing landscape construction at the periphery;
f post management
Species that emerge during the remediation process with little or no emergence are removed or replaced.
Further, the setting principle of the test pattern in the step C1 is as follows: at least 18 test plots of 3m × 2m size were set per one soil subclass type.
Further, all test plots in step C were applied with slug pellets containing metallic aldehyde to reduce the effect of slug predation, and all test plots were subjected to herbicidal treatment to eliminate the effect of weed seeds in the soil on the test results.
Further, the seed size classification method in the step C1 is as follows: the screened seed particle sizes are sequentially arranged from small to large according to numerical values, three divisions are carried out on the numerical values, a first three-digit number and a second three-digit number are obtained according to the numerical values from small to large, large seeds are seeds with the particle sizes larger than or equal to the second three-digit number, medium seeds are seeds with the particle sizes between the first three-digit number and the second three-digit number, and small seeds are seeds with the particle sizes smaller than or equal to the first three-digit number.
Further, in the step C, the high sowing density means that the sowing density is more than or equal to 2.5g per square meter for sowing; the medium seeding density is halved on the basis of the high seeding density; the low seeding density is halved on the basis of the medium seeding density.
Further, in the step C, sowing is carried out in 8 months in a summer sowing area, seeds are mixed with wet sand in advance, the seeds are stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃ for 35 days, and the seeds and the sand are mixed together for sowing; winter sowing plots were sown in 12 months, and the seeds used were not refrigerated and dried.
Further, in the step C, at the time of sowing in summer, the slug pellets are reapplied every 3 weeks within 2 months after sowing.
Further, in the step C, when the planting soil is sand-coated surface soil, removing surface soil with the thickness of 50mm, covering coarse sand on the test sample, and ensuring that the final surface is flush with the surrounding soil; when the planting soil type is the bottom soil of the test sample plot, excavating the surface soil to the depth of at least 250mm, excavating the bottom soil with the height of at least 50mm, covering the surface soil in the foundation pit, and finally filling the excavated bottom soil into the foundation pit to enable the sample plot to be flush with the surface of the surrounding cross road.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention aims at repairing damaged and degraded farmland ecosystems and exerting other service functions of biological and geological circulation of the farmland ecosystems and the like, emphasizes the integrated application of ecological repair and landscape design, solves the problem that farmlands, particularly basic farmlands, in ecological sensitive areas need to be repaired and cannot be barren, and can meet the requirement of agricultural sustainable development in China in the new era;
2. the invention repairs the farmland ecosystem, further develops and perfects the theory and method for repairing the damaged and degenerated farmland ecosystem from the perspective of combining ecology and landscape, and lays a foundation for the related technology research and development in the future;
3. the landscape building technology for restoring the farmland ecosystem can cover most of the areas in China, and has very obvious radiation demonstration effect.
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The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but it should be understood that these drawings are designed for illustrative purposes only and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the structural configurations described herein and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the steps of a method of restoring a field ecosystem according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test plot of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sub-schematic enlarged view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of the expected effects of an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
First, it should be noted that the specific structures, features, advantages, etc. of the present invention will be specifically described below by way of example, but all the descriptions are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. Furthermore, any individual technical features described or implicit in the embodiments mentioned herein may still be continued in any combination or subtraction between these technical features (or their equivalents) to obtain still further embodiments of the invention that may not be mentioned directly herein.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and furthermore, the terms "comprises" and "having", and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be specifically described with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Example 1
The landscape construction method for restoring the ecological system of the farmland is further explained by taking the farmland around the wetland of the Qili sea in Ninghe area of Tianjin city as an example in the following by combining with the attached drawings. As shown in fig. 1, the landscape construction method for restoring the farmland ecosystem in the area comprises the following specific steps:
step one, ecological environment investigation:
through research on related scientific research reports of farmlands around the Qilihai wetland in the Ninghe river area of Tianjin city, the current situation and characteristics of natural factors such as soil, water system, climate and the like at the site of the landscape are known, the soil at the site of the landscape is only in a sub-type of salinized moisture soil, the method comprises the following steps of surveying 44 sample plots (the actual area to be repaired of a farmland ecosystem of an ecological sensitive area of the area is 43.34 square kilometers, at least 1 sample plot is arranged every 1 square kilometer) in total, each sample plot contains 3 small herb sample plots of 1m multiplied by 1m, the herb name, the height, the abundance and the coverage (the percentage of a certain plant occupying the area of the sample plot) of each sample plot are recorded, and the community stability (the community stability used by the method is the ratio of the average value obtained by the sum of the products of the coverage and the height of all species in the sample plot to the standard deviation) is calculated; the obtained crops and wild crop species comprise: corn, sorghum, sesame, capsicum, soybean, hyacinth bean, mung bean, pea, winter wheat, spring wheat, small red bean, wild soybean, wild sorghum, wild sesame and wild oat.
The community stability calculation method comprises the following steps:
defining T as the sum of the product of species coverage and its height in a certain formula, namely:
Figure GDA0003128032400000081
in the formula CiCoverage of the i-th plant in the sample plot, HiIs the height of the ith plant, and N is the number of all plants in the same square;
the colony stability S of the nth plot is:
Figure GDA0003128032400000082
wherein munThe average value of all sample T values in the nth sample area; sigmanIs the standard deviation of all the sample T values in the nth sample.
Step two, screening test species:
according to the crop and the peripheral wild crop variety determined in the previous step, the crop and the wild crop variety to be tested next are selected as main species of a plot with the highest community stability in combination with the search of scientific research data and literature, and the crop and the wild crop variety are selected to be staggered in height as far as possible in the selection of the crop and the wild crop variety, so that a farmland ecosystem which is rich in layers and has a stable structure and is mutually penetrated by the crops in each level is formed, therefore, the corn, the sorghum, the sesame, the wild soybean and the wild sorghum are selected as the screened species, and the planting ratio of the selected species is determined to be 2:4:6:9:3 in combination with the literature data and the traditional interplanting mode, and the planting ratio is the seed number ratio.
Step three, testing:
establishing 18 test sample plots of 3m multiplied by 2m in a farmland ecosystem around a Qilihai wetland in Ninghe area of Tianjin city, arranging 6 multiplied by 3 matrixes, wherein each test sample plot is separated by a cross road with the width of 300mm, and the size and the arrangement form of the test sample plots are shown in figure 2; each test plot was divided into three sub-plots of 1m x 2m, as shown in figure 3, and a treatment of weeding and applying slug pellets was carried out in all test plots prior to sowing to reduce the effect of weed growth and mollusk predation on the test results.
In all 18 test plots, 9 test plots were sown in summer, and the remaining 9 test plots were sown in winter; sowing seeds in summer plots in 8 months, mixing the seeds with wet sand in advance, and refrigerating the seeds in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for 35 days. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the influence of mollusk predation on seedling emergence and farmland ecosystem restoration, slug pellets are reapplied every 3 weeks or so within 2 months after sowing; the seeds were sown in 12 months in winter in the same manner as in summer, without refrigeration and drying.
In the winter and summer sowing areas, soil made of the same material is paved on the surface of each of three sample plots, wherein the three types of the soil comprise surface soil covered by coarse sand with the thickness of 50mm, surface soil of a test sample plot and bottom soil of the test sample plot, and are shown in figure 2; in plots covered with grit, 50mm thick topsoil was removed prior to spreading the grit to ensure that the final surface was level with the surrounding soil; and excavating surface soil on the sample land covered with the bottom soil to the depth of 250mm, excavating the bottom soil with the height of at least 50mm, covering the surface soil in the foundation pit as a layer, and finally filling the excavated bottom soil into the foundation pit to enable the sample land to be flush with the surface of the surrounding cross road.
And D, dividing the crop seeds and the wild crop seeds screened in the step two into three types according to the trisections of the particle sizes, wherein the three types are large seeds, medium seeds and small seeds, and the specific classification method comprises the following steps: arranging the particle sizes of the screened seeds in sequence from small to large according to the numerical values, carrying out three-position division on the numerical values, and obtaining a first three-position number and a second three-position number according to the numerical values from small to large, wherein the large seeds are seeds with the particle sizes larger than or equal to the second three-position number, the medium seeds are seeds with the particle sizes between the first three-position number and the second three-position number, and the small seeds are seeds with the particle sizes smaller than or equal to the first three-position number and are mixed; the seeds are respectively sown in a sub-sample land with three sowing densities of low, medium and high, so that the sowing quantity of the seeds with different types is halved under the condition of medium sowing density compared with high density, and halved again under the condition of low sowing density, namely 2.5 g/square meter, 1.25 g/square meter and 0.625 g/square meter. The seed plots with different seeding densities are distributed from west to east according to low, medium and high levels in each plot, as shown in fig. 3.
Step four, analyzing test results
According to the test results, the average rate of emergence is highest compared with the average rate of emergence of the combination of selecting the sowing season in summer, the soil type is surface soil, the grain size is medium, and the sowing density is medium, the community is stable and natural, and the artificial management and protection pressure is low;
step five, popularization and application and later-period management
The landscape construction mode and the planting mode obtained by the test are popularized and applied in the actual restoration of the ecological system of the farmland around the Qilihai wetland in Ninghe area of Tianjin, and species with unfavorable emergence rate in the actual application are properly removed or replaced to ensure the ecological and landscape effects of the method.
By applying the landscape construction method for restoring the farmland ecosystem, the invention has the advantages that:
1) improve the biological diversity of the original farmland ecosystem
The landscape construction for restoring the farmland ecosystem aims to restore the original damaged and degraded farmland ecosystem, simultaneously improve the variety of the species in the ecosystem, provide diversified habitats for organisms, insects, other microorganisms and the like, and restore and further improve the biological chains in the original damaged and degraded farmland ecosystem.
2) Enhance the stability of the original farmland ecosystem
In the selection of crops and wild crop varieties, the high-low staggered land is selected to form a farmland ecosystem which has rich layers and is mutually permeated by crops in each layer and has a stable structure, and the biological and geological circulation and other service functions of the farmland ecosystem can be fully exerted.
3) Enrich the aesthetic property of the regional environment of the farmland ecosystem
In view of the defects that the original farmland ecosystem has single crop planting type in a large area, relatively simple composition structure, only considering yield, neglecting the change of farmland landscape in four seasons and the like, the landscape composition for restoring the farmland ecosystem, disclosed by the invention, transforms the farmland with single hierarchical structure into rich, variable, natural and harmonious farmland landscape, and simultaneously generates benign radiation to the environment of peripheral areas, thereby improving the regional landscape value.
The landscape building method of the invention can display other service functions of biological and geological circulation of the farmland ecosystem to the maximum extent under the condition that the damaged and degraded farmland ecosystem is restored, and applies the theory to practice.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above examples, but the description is only for the preferred examples of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A landscape construction method for restoring a farmland ecosystem of an ecological sensitive area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the landscape building method comprises the following steps:
A. investigation of ecological environment
Investigating soil, water and climate of a place where landscape construction is needed, selecting a plurality of sample plots, wherein each sample plot comprises at least 3 herbaceous sample recipes of 1m multiplied by 1m, investigating species types, multiple degrees and coverage in each herbaceous sample recipe, and determining ecological characteristics of crops and wild crops for landscape construction;
wherein, the coverage is the percentage of the ratio of the vertical projection area of the overground part of a certain plant in the herbaceous sample prescription to the area of the sample prescription;
B. test species screening
Determining the variety and seed quantity ratio of crops and wild crops for landscape construction according to plant morphology, planting mode, ecological habit and community stability, and ensuring the restoration effect of damaged and degraded farmland ecosystem;
wherein, the community stability calculation process is as follows:
defining T as the sum of the product of species coverage and height in a certain herbaceous prescription, namely:
Figure FDA0003128032390000011
in the formula CiCoverage of the i-th plant in the sample plot, HiIs the height of the ith plant, and N is the number of all plants in the same square;
the colony stability S of the nth plot is:
Figure FDA0003128032390000012
wherein munThe average value of all sample T values in the nth sample area; sigmanThe standard deviation of all sample T values in the nth sample plot;
C. test of
C1, selecting a test sample plot with a plurality of same areas arranged on an open ground at the site where the landscape is required to be constructed, and performing a seeding test of screening seeds, wherein the test variables are respectively the seeding season, the planting soil type, the seed particle size and the seed seeding density; the seeding seasons comprise summer and winter, the types of planting soil comprise three types of sand covering surface soil, test sample plot surface soil and test sample plot bottom soil, the particle sizes of the seeds comprise large seeds, medium seeds and small seeds, and the seeding density of the seeds comprises high equal seeding density, medium seeding density and low equal seeding density;
the seed particle size classification method comprises the following steps: the screened seed particle sizes are sequentially arranged from small to large according to numerical values, three divisions are carried out on the numerical values, a first three-digit number and a second three-digit number are obtained according to the numerical values from small to large, large seeds are seeds with the particle sizes larger than or equal to the second three-digit number, medium seeds are seeds with the particle sizes between the first three-digit number and the second three-digit number, and small seeds are seeds with the particle sizes smaller than or equal to the first three-digit number; the high equal seeding density means that the seeding density is more than or equal to 2.5g per square meter for seeding; the medium seeding density is halved on the basis of the high seeding density; the low sowing density is halved on the basis of the medium sowing density;
c2, sowing seeds with different particle sizes on a plurality of test sample lands respectively at different sowing densities, wherein the types of the planting soil of the test sample lands with the same particle size and the same sowing density are respectively sand covering surface soil, test sample land surface soil and test sample land bottom soil;
c3, sowing in summer and winter according to the sowing method of C2;
D. analysis of test results
Selecting a combination of a seeding season, a planting soil type, a seed grain size and a seed seeding density which have the highest average rate of emergence, stable and natural communities and small artificial management and protection pressure according to the result of the test in the step C;
E. farmland seeding
Implementing the species combination mode and the planting mode obtained by the test to the actual restoration of the farmland ecosystem needing landscape construction at the periphery;
f post management
Species that emerge during the remediation process with little or no emergence are removed or replaced.
2. The landscape building method for restoring farmland ecosystems in ecologically sensitive areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the setting principle of the test sample in the step C1 is as follows: at least 18 test plots of 3m × 2m size were set per soil subclass type present.
3. The landscape building method for restoring farmland ecosystems in ecologically sensitive areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: all test plots in step C were applied with slug pellets containing metallic aldehydes to reduce the effect of slug predation and all test plots were herbicidal to eliminate the effect of weed seeds in the soil on the test results.
4. The landscape building method for restoring farmland ecosystems in ecologically sensitive areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step C, sowing in 8 months in a summer sowing sample plot, mixing the seeds with wet sand in advance, refrigerating for 35 days in a refrigerator at the temperature of 4 ℃, mixing the seeds with the sand together, and sowing; winter sowing plots were sown in 12 months, and the seeds used were not refrigerated and dried.
5. The landscape building method for restoring farmland ecosystems in ecologically sensitive areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step C, slug pellets are reapplied every 3 weeks during the 2 months after seeding in summer.
6. The landscape building method for restoring farmland ecosystems in ecologically sensitive areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step C, when the planting soil is sand-covered surface soil, removing surface soil with the thickness of 50mm, covering coarse sand on the test sample, and ensuring that the final surface is flush with the surrounding soil; when the planting soil type is the bottom soil of the test sample plot, excavating the surface soil to the depth of at least 250mm, excavating the bottom soil with the height of at least 50mm, covering the surface soil in the foundation pit, and finally filling the excavated bottom soil into the foundation pit to enable the sample plot to be flush with the surface of the surrounding cross road.
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