CN113740511B

CN113740511B - Method for obtaining soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis

Info

Publication number: CN113740511B
Application number: CN202111039718.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高梅香; 李加林; 朱家祺
Original assignee: Ningbo University
Current assignee: Ningbo University
Priority date: 2021-09-06
Filing date: 2021-09-06
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-06
Also published as: CN113740511A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: screening green ecological buoys of farmland soil animal active biological sensors; step 2: a field domestication is carried out on a green ecological buoy of the farmland soil animal active biological sensor based on the farmland soil animal active biological sensor field experimental device. The soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method of the invention is a complex and natural ecological process which takes in-situ soil animals in the farmland as green ecological buoys and can diagnose the health condition of the farmland soil; the method has extremely strong adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil, and has outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability when reflecting the health condition of the soil; the complex ecological process between the soil animals and the farmland soil environment is automatically monitored in real time, all weather and full period through automatic monitoring instruments and equipment.

Description

Method for obtaining soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis.

Background

The biosensor is a novel device for rapidly monitoring physical, chemical and biological quantities by taking immobilized biological components (such as enzymes, proteins, DNA antibodies and antigens) or organisms (such as cells, microorganisms and tissues) as sensitive materials and combining the sensitive materials with a proper chemical converter. The biosensor captures the reaction between the target and the sensitive material through various physical and chemical transducers, then converts the degree of the reaction into an electric signal, and calculates the measured value according to the electric signal. The biosensor has been developed rapidly in recent years, and is used in fields such as medicine, fermentation production, food industry, environmental monitoring, etc., and plays an important role in many fields.

Existing biosensors have the following disadvantages:

(1) The existing biosensor takes cultured cells, microorganisms, tissues and the like as sensitive materials, which are not in-situ soil animals in farmlands, and the existing sensitive materials have poor adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil, so that the authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability of detection are poor;

(2) The existing biosensor captures the reaction between the target object and the sensitive material through various physical and chemical transducers, and cannot monitor the complex ecological process between the soil animals and the farmland soil environment in real time, all weather and in a full period;

(3) Existing biosensors convert the degree of reaction into an electrical signal, and calculate the measured value according to the electrical signal, which is an indirect presumption and monitoring process, and the detection is poor in authenticity, accuracy and reliability.

Thus, the present patent application proposes and designs for the first time a completely new concept of a soil animal active biosensor.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis, which takes in-situ active soil animals in soil as green ecological buoys, and the obtained soil animal active biosensor has better adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil, and further has higher detection authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the method for obtaining the soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

Step 1: the green ecological buoy of the farmland soil animal active biosensor is screened:

(1) collecting soil animals in a field farmland, and carrying the collected living soil animals back to a laboratory:

collecting farmland soil animals in a field farmland, placing the collected soil animal samples into a specimen bottle or a specimen box, and separating predators from predators and competitors; then, a cover is covered to prevent the soil animals from escaping, and a plurality of small holes are pricked on the cover by using tools to ensure that enough air exists in the specimen bottle or the specimen box, the aperture of the small holes is smaller than 2mm, and the soil animals in the specimen bottle or the specimen box are prevented from escaping; then, placing in-situ soil particles and litters into a specimen bottle or a specimen box; collecting soil columns or earthwork with the depth of 15cm in a field farmland by using a soil column method, putting the soil columns or earthwork into a cloth bag or a self-sealing bag, and carrying mites and springtails with dominant quantity in soil to be separated back to a laboratory;

(2) and picking and separating the collected soil animal samples, respectively placing the soil animal samples into a culture box for culture, and automatically monitoring the activity rule of the soil animals in real time by adopting a high-definition camera:

the method comprises the steps of firstly classifying and arranging soil animals in specimen bottles or specimen boxes, and respectively placing the soil animals in different culture boxes according to groups; the bottom layer of the culture box is paved with 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil which passes through a 2mm sieve, crops or weed straws are covered on the soil, natural environment conditions of the field farmland soil are simulated, and the soil is regulated to the average soil temperature and humidity level of the field farmland; according to the food preference of different groups, different food resources are respectively put into the culture box, and for the same species and group, standardized culture and cultivation are carried out, and the same and equivalent food resources are put in each time;

For the soil column or the earthwork brought back from the field, separating medium-sized soil animals in the soil column or the earthwork brought back from the field by adopting a dry funnel method; at the lowest part of the dry hopper, a culture box provided with a culture medium is used for directly separating and acquiring living soil springtails and mites; after separation, separating the springtails and mites into different culture boxes for culture, wherein the materials and the specifications of the culture boxes are the same as those of the culture boxes, and a prepared standardized culture medium is arranged in the culture boxes; carrying out standardized cultivation and cultivation on the same species and group, and putting the same and equivalent food resources each time;

placing the culture box into a constant temperature wet incubator, and regulating the soil temperature and humidity to the average soil temperature and humidity level of a field farmland; or directly placing the culture box into a laboratory, and culturing and breeding under the room temperature condition; in the whole culture process, a high-definition camera is arranged above a culture box, the activity state of soil animals is automatically monitored in real time, and the automatically monitored data are timely imported into a database;

(3) screening a large number of soil animals which are available for culture and can be propagated and grown in a large quantity in a laboratory:

periodically and regularly checking and measuring soil animals in the culture box to obtain basic parameters so as to judge which soil animals can be used as green ecological buoys of the soil animal activity biological sensors; the attribute data for inspection and measurement includes:

Basic properties: species number, individual number, biomass, body length, body width, body color, egg number, larval number;

activity characteristics: the number of activities, the moving direction, the moving distance, the moving time, the number of fighting times, the degree of fighting and the competition result in unit time;

after 40 days of culture, selecting species and populations which meet basic attributes and activity characteristics, and taking the species and populations as objects entering the next screening link and also as candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal active biological sensors; the requirements are as follows: (1) basic attribute aspects: the number of individuals is unchanged or increased, the average biomass is unchanged or increased, the average body length and body width are unchanged or increased, the average spawning number is unchanged or increased, and the average larval number is unchanged or increased; (2) Activity feature: the number of activities in unit time is basically kept stable, and the moving distance in unit time is basically kept stable; selecting species and populations with basic attributes and activity characteristics at average levels to enter a next screening link, wherein the species and populations of the soil animals are called candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal activity biosensors;

(4) And (3) culturing candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal active biological sensors to obtain synchronized species and populations:

culturing and breeding candidates of green ecological buoys required by the selected soil animal active biosensors, and breeding the candidates to obtain synchronized species, individuals and populations; during this period, the environmental conditions, basic attributes, activity characteristics and all conditions occurring in the incubation process are recorded, and the automatic monitoring equipment acquisition data is imported into a database;

(5) and setting pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, screening species and populations of soil animals with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, and taking the species and populations as species and populations of green ecological buoys required by soil animal activity biosensors:

step 1 (5) is divided into six steps: firstly, preparing a culture box, selecting a 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil culture box with a 2mm sieve paved at the bottom of the culture box for large-sized soil animals, and placing the large-sized soil animals in the culture box; for medium-sized soil animals, the culture boxes of 1cm thick in-situ farmland soil which are provided with culture mediums and are spread with 2mm sieves are selected, and the springtails and mites are placed in the culture boxes;

Secondly, transferring the soil animals synchronized in the step (4) to a culture box respectively;

thirdly, selecting a pesticide, and respectively setting 4 gradients of pesticide-free, low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration pesticides according to the dosage habit of using the pesticide by local farmers; spraying four gradients of pesticides into the culture boxes in the second step according to the habits of local farmers for pesticide application;

fourth, automatically monitoring the dynamic characteristics of the soil animals in real time: a high-definition camera is arranged above the culture box, and the dynamic characteristics of soil animals under different pesticide gradients are automatically monitored in real time;

and fifthly, periodically harvesting soil animals in the culture box at regular time, and measuring basic attributes and activity characteristic parameters of the soil animals: harvesting soil animals in the culture box at regular intervals of 7 days, respectively acquiring basic parameters and activity characteristics of the soil animals, and timely importing the acquired data into a database;

step six, finishing and analyzing all data obtained in the first test period, running an algorithm and a model for evaluating the soil animal activity biological sensor, and screening out species and population of the green ecological buoy which can be used as the soil animal activity biological sensor according to the evaluation result;

(6) And setting pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, combining and culturing the species and the population of the green ecological buoy required by the screened soil animal active biosensor, screening a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, and taking the soil animal community as the green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal active biosensor:

according to the screened soil animal active biological sensor species and population, carrying out various combinations on the screened green ecological buoy candidates required by the soil animal active biological sensor which is not subjected to pesticide gradient experiments to form different soil animal communities; repeating the experimental processes from the first step to the sixth step in the step (5) of the step 1, and screening out a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, thereby being used as a green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal active biosensor;

(7) after at least 3 experimental cycles, the green ecobuoy species, population and community required by the screened soil animal active biosensor are determined:

after the screening of the first experimental period is completed, screening of the second experimental period and the third experimental period is carried out, and the species, the population and the community which are qualified in evaluation are used as green ecological buoy species, population and community required by the soil animal activity biosensor. After indoor cultivation, verification under the field complex environment condition and indoor secondary cultivation, the culture medium is used in the practice of field farmland soil health diagnosis;

Step 2: field domestication is carried out on a green ecological buoy of the farmland soil animal active biological sensor based on the farmland soil animal active biological sensor field experimental device:

(1) collecting 0-15cm of in-situ farmland soil in the field, taking the farmland soil back to a laboratory, naturally airing the farmland soil indoors, and sieving the farmland soil with a sieve of 2mm for later use;

(2) performing batch and synchronous culture on the green ecological buoys screened in the step 1, measuring the synchronous green ecological buoys, wherein the measurement parameters comprise biomass, body length, body width and body color of the green ecological buoys, and then placing the green ecological buoys in a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal active biosensor for field domestication;

(3) digging cylindrical soil pits with the depth of 0-15cm in a field farmland by using a sterilized tool, and digging at least 30 soil pits for each green ecological buoy;

(4) setting and operating a farmland soil animal active biosensor field experiment device, and arranging a farmland soil animal active biosensor green ecological buoy in the farmland soil animal active biosensor field experiment device:

(1) Placing a lower ecological box of the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device into a soil pit, wherein the bottom of the lower ecological box is directly contacted with in-situ farmland soil, then laying electric wires used by instrument equipment in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device ecological box, and connecting the electric wires out of the bottom of the lower ecological box and directly connecting the electric wires into an electric wire pipe in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device ecological box;

Spreading the soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve into a lower ecological box, spreading the soil layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, and lightly beating the soil by using a rubber hammer when the soil is flush with the top of the lower ecological box so as to level the soil; then spraying water by using a spray pot, and calculating the volume of water to be sprayed according to the water content of soil at the lower layer of the farmland so as to make the water content of the soil in the lower layer ecological box equal to the water content of the soil at the lower layer of the farmland;

fastening a connecting ring in a farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device, enabling electric wires of instruments and equipment in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device to pass through sieve holes of a lower gauze, and then enabling the lower gauze in the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device to be connected and fastened with a lower ecological box;

(2) The middle ecological box is arranged in the soil pit and is connected with the lower ecological box through a connecting ring; connecting an electric wire of an instrument device with a soil sensor in an upper middle ecological box, wherein the soil sensor comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil pH value sensor, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor and a soil conductivity sensor in a farmland soil animal activity biological sensor field experiment device;

Then spreading the soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve into a middle ecological box, spreading the soil layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, and lightly beating the soil by a small spade when the soil is flush with the top of the middle ecological box so as to level the soil; then spraying water by using a spray pot, and calculating the volume of water to be sprayed according to the water content of the soil in the middle layer of the farmland so that the water content of the soil in the middle layer ecological box is equal to the water content of the soil in the middle layer of the farmland;

then, the position of the soil sensor is adjusted to be positioned at the top of the middle ecological box and the lower part of the middle gauze, and the probe of the soil sensor is buried in the soil and cannot touch the middle gauze;

(3) The upper ecological box is arranged in the soil pit and is connected with the middle ecological box through a connecting ring; connecting electric wires of the instrument equipment with a high-definition camera and a sound recorder in an upper ecological box;

spreading the soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve into an upper ecological box, spreading the soil layer by layer from the lower layer to the upper layer, wherein the thickness of the soil is 1.5cm, and the soil which is not paved by 2mm in a space which is 0.5cm away from the edge of the upper ecological box at the upper part is beaten by hands with disposable experiment gloves, so that the soil surface is flat; then spraying water by using a spray pot, and calculating the volume of water to be sprayed according to the water content of the soil on the upper layer of the farmland so that the water content of the soil in the upper layer ecological box is leveled with the water content of the soil on the upper layer of the farmland;

Preparing a high-definition camera and a sound recorder, and fixing the high-definition camera and the sound recorder on the inner wall of a PVC board of an upper ecological box in an area where soil is not paved;

placing the synchronized green ecological buoys into the soil surface of the upper ecological box, and setting the number of the placed ecological buoys according to the characteristics of the green ecological buoys;

then using a connecting ring to fix the upper gauze to the upper ecological box so as to enable the upper gauze to be flush with the surface layer of farmland soil;

(4) Treating farmland surface soil near the ecological box to enable the farmland surface soil to be close to natural farmland surface soil;

(5) automatically monitoring, checking, recording, arranging and analyzing the dynamic state of the green ecological buoy day by day:

the field experimental device based on the farmland soil animal activity biological sensor automatically monitors and timely checks the state and activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy in the ecological box in real time; in the whole field domestication process, checking, recording, arranging and analyzing the state and activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy at regular time to serve as an evaluation basis of the field domestication result of the green ecological buoy;

(6) the green ecological buoys in the ecological boxes for field domestication are respectively retrieved in days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18, each green ecological buoy is guaranteed to retrieve 3 repeated ecological boxes, and the average field domestication state is taken for evaluating field domestication results;

(7) Measuring basic attribute parameters of the retrieved green ecological buoy indoors, including biomass, body length, body width, body color and the like, and evaluating field domestication results by combining the data obtained by automatic monitoring in the step (5) of the step (2);

in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days, when the biomass, body length, body width and body color of the green ecological buoy are kept unchanged or increased, the daily moving distance, the number of activities in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy are kept in an average stable state, namely the time of field domestication is selected as the day;

(8) and (3) taking the green ecological buoy as an object, repeating the steps (1) - (7) in the step (2), domesticating the green ecological buoy in batches by taking 3 days as a field domestication period, and using the field domesticated green ecological buoy in a practical process of farmland soil health assessment.

Further, the method for collecting farmland soil animals in the step (1) comprises a hand picking method, a fluke device method, a trapping method, a net sweeping method and a lamp trapping method.

Furthermore, when the daily air temperature of the farmland soil animals collected in the step (1) reaches more than 30 ℃, 1-2 ice bags are needed to be used for cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃.

Further, the data obtained by automatic monitoring in the step (7) in the step (2) comprises the daily moving distance, the moving times in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy; parameters for maintaining the average stable condition of the green ecological buoy in the step (7) comprise the daily moving distance, the moving times in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy;

Further, the means for sterilizing in step (3) of step 2 comprises a shovel.

The invention also relates to a field experimental device of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor, which is characterized by comprising an ecological box and a power supply device; the ecological box consists of an upper ecological box, a middle ecological box and a lower ecological box, wherein the upper ecological box, the middle ecological box and the lower ecological box are all of an up-down through structure, and the upper ecological box, the middle ecological box and the lower ecological box are detachably connected through connecting rings from top to bottom in sequence;

the power supply device comprises a solar panel, a support rod, an electric wire tube and a standby power supply, wherein the electric wire tube consists of a vertical section and a horizontal section, the bottom end of the vertical section is connected with one end of the horizontal section through an elbow, the top end of the vertical section of the electric wire tube is connected with the support rod through a fixed screw, and the support rod is provided with the solar panel; the standby power supply is used as a standby power supply for supplying power to the solar panel;

an upper gauze is arranged in a connecting ring at the top opening of the upper ecological box; a middle gauze is arranged in a connecting ring at the top opening of the middle ecological box; a lower gauze is arranged in a connecting ring at the top opening of the lower ecological box;

A high-definition camera and a sound recorder are arranged in the upper ecological box; the wires connected to the high-definition camera and the sound recorder pass through the wire tube and are connected with the solar panel; the high-definition camera is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording the complex ecological action process of the green ecological buoy and the soil environmental factors in the ecological box in real time; the sound recorder is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording all sounds in and out of the ecological box in real time;

a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil pH value sensor, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor and a soil conductivity sensor are arranged in the middle-layer ecological box; the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the soil pH value sensor, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor and the soil conductivity sensor are connected with each other through wires penetrating through the wire tube and the solar panel; the soil temperature and humidity sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording soil temperature and humidity data in real time; the soil pH value sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording the soil pH value in real time; the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil in real time; the soil conductivity sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording the soil conductivity in real time.

Further, the upper gauze, the middle gauze and the lower gauze are round gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the diameters of the sieve holes of the upper gauze, the middle gauze and the lower gauze are all 2mm;

further, the height of upper ecological box is 2cm, and the material is transparent PVC board.

The invention has the beneficial effects that (1) the soil animal active biological sensor takes in-situ soil animals in the farmland as green ecological buoys, and the green ecological buoys comprise earthworms, ants, beetles, centipedes, mites, springtails and the like in-situ in the farmland; the green ecological buoy is not only a sensitive material, but also has more complex function in theory and more practical effect; the green ecological buoy is a complex and natural ecological process which comprehensively reflects a complex biological process of soil animals, a complex environmental condition of farmland soil and a complex interaction process of soil animals and farmland soil and can diagnose the health condition of farmland soil;

(2) The soil animal activity biological sensor is used as a green ecological buoy, the soil animals are collected from field farmland soil, have interaction and co-evolution relations with the field farmland soil for several years, decades or even hundreds of years, and have extremely strong adaptability, sensibility and tolerance to the field farmland soil; when farmland soil is affected by human activities, the soil animals can show active and passive response and adaptation based on bioenergy, and the green ecological buoy has outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability in reflecting the soil health condition;

(3) The soil animal activity biological sensor obtained by the invention automatically monitors the complex ecological process between the soil animal and the farmland soil environment in real time, all weather and full period through various modern automatic monitoring instruments and equipment by means of equipment and technologies such as a high-definition camera, a high-definition sound recorder and micro photography;

(4) The existing biosensor converts the degree of reaction into an electric signal, and the measured value is calculated according to the electric signal, while the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the invention adopts the modern technical methods and instruments such as Internet+, 5G network and the like, and automatically transmits the automatically monitored multi-source heterogeneous big data to a data management center in a high-stability, high-quality, real-time and automatic manner, and automatically receives, stores, identifies and analyzes the real-time, multi-dimensional and multi-source heterogeneous big data in real time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an upper ecological box of a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor provided by the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a layer ecological box in a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor provided by the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis provided by the invention when applied;

fig. 5 is a functional block diagram of the soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis provided by the invention when applied.

Reference numerals illustrate:

the upper layer gauze 1, the middle layer gauze 2, the lower layer gauze 3, the upper layer ecological box 4, the middle layer ecological box 5, the lower layer ecological box 6, the connecting ring 7, undisturbed soil 8, a standby power supply 9, a solar panel 10, a fixed screw 11, a supporting rod 12, crops 13, an ecological box bottom 14, an electric wire pipe 15, an elbow 16, 2mm sieve soil 17, farmland soil surface 18, a high-definition camera 19, a sound recorder 20, an electric wire 21, a soil region 22 and a water tank the environment-friendly ecological buoy 23, a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27, a soil conductivity sensor 28, a field real-time automatic monitoring process 29, a data real-time automatic transmission process 30, a data real-time storage, management and analysis process 31, a farmland soil health diagnosis process 32, a farmland soil health treatment and service process 33, farmland soil 34 and a field experiment ecological box 35 of a soil animal activity biological sensor.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The method for obtaining the soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis comprises the following steps:

according to the screened soil animal active biological sensor species and population, carrying out various combinations on the screened green ecological buoy candidates required by the soil animal active biological sensor which is not subjected to pesticide gradient experiments to form different soil animal communities; repeating the experimental processes from the first step to the sixth step in the step (5) of the step 1, and screening out a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, wherein the soil animal community is used as a green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal active biosensor;

(4) Treating farmland soil near the ecological box to enable the farmland soil to be close to the state of the surface of natural farmland soil;

Further, the means for sterilizing in step (3) of step 2 comprises a shovel.

Example 2

1-3, a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor comprises an ecological box and a power supply device; the ecological box consists of an upper ecological box 4, a middle ecological box 5 and a lower ecological box 6, wherein the upper ecological box 4, the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 are all of an up-down through structure, and the upper ecological box 4, the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 are detachably connected through a connecting ring 7 from top to bottom in sequence;

the power supply device comprises a solar panel 10, a support rod 12, an electric wire tube 15 and a standby power supply 9, wherein the electric wire tube 15 consists of a vertical section and a horizontal section, the bottom end of the vertical section is connected with one end of the horizontal section through an elbow 16, the top end of the vertical section of the electric wire tube 15 is connected with the support rod 12 through a fixed screw 11, and the support rod 12 is provided with the solar panel 10; the standby power supply 9 is used as a standby power supply 9 for supplying power to the solar panel 10;

an upper gauze 1 is arranged in a connecting ring 7 at the top opening part of the upper ecological box 4; a middle layer gauze 2 is arranged in a connecting ring 7 at the top opening part of the middle layer ecological box 5; a lower gauze 3 is arranged in a connecting ring 7 at the top opening part of the lower ecological box 6;

A high-definition camera 19 and a sound recorder 20 are arranged in the upper ecological box 4; the high-definition camera 19 and the electric wire 21 connected to the sound recorder 20 penetrate through the electric wire tube 15 and are connected with the solar panel 10; the high-definition camera 19 is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording the complex ecological action process of the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environmental factors in the ecological box in real time; the sound recorder 20 is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording all sounds in and out of the ecological box in real time, including sounds generated by a green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal), sounds of water seepage in soil, sounds of birds and rings outside the ecological box, vermin and sounds of vehicles passing by;

a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 are arranged in the middle-layer ecological box 5; the electric wires 21 connected to the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH value sensor 26, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28 penetrate through the electric wire tube 15 and are connected with the solar panel 10; the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25 is used for automatically monitoring and recording soil temperature and humidity data in real time; the soil pH sensor 26 is used for automatically monitoring and recording the soil pH in real time; the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 is used for automatically monitoring and recording the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in the soil in real time; the soil conductivity sensor 28 is used to automatically monitor and record soil conductivity in real time.

The upper gauze 1 is a round gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the gauze which is corrosion-resistant, firm, durable and environment-friendly can be used in the field and the farmland for a long time, and has no negative effect on the soil environment of the farmland; the diameter of the screen holes of the upper layer screen 1 is 2mm, so that the soil animals on the surface outside the ecological box are effectively prevented from entering, and the soil animals (green ecological buoy 23) inside the ecological box are prevented from escaping; the sieve mesh of the upper gauze 1 can ensure that the soil and the soil animals in the ecological box and the external near-surface atmosphere exchange normal substances and energy, ensure a smooth information transmission process and keep the natural state of the living soil environment of the soil animals in the ecological box.

The middle gauze 2 is a round gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the gauze which is corrosion-resistant, firm, durable and environment-friendly can be used in the field and the farmland for a long time, and has no negative effect on the soil environment of the farmland; the diameter of the sieve holes of the middle layer gauze 2 is 2mm, so that soil animals in the middle layer ecological box 5 are effectively prevented from entering the upper layer ecological box 4, and meanwhile, the soil animals (green ecological buoy 23) in the upper layer ecological box 4 are prevented from entering the middle layer ecological box 5; the sieve holes of the middle gauze 2 can ensure normal soil physical and chemical processes between the upper ecological box 4 and the middle ecological box 5, and keep the natural state of the living environment of soil animals in the ecological box.

The lower gauze 3 is a round gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the gauze which is corrosion-resistant, firm, durable and environment-friendly can be used in the field and the farmland for a long time, and has no negative effect on the soil environment of the farmland; the diameter of the mesh holes of the lower gauze 3 is 2mm, so that soil animals in the lower ecological box 6 are effectively prevented from entering the middle ecological box 5, and simultaneously, the soil animals in the middle ecological box 5 are prevented from entering the lower ecological box 6; the screen holes of the lower gauze 3 can ensure normal physical and chemical processes of soil between the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6, and keep the natural state of the living environment of soil animals in the ecological box.

The upper ecological box 4 is a space for survival, propagation and activity of a green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) of the soil animal active biosensor; the height is 2cm; the material is a transparent PVC plate; the upper ecological box 4 simultaneously comprises an area 22 where soil is not paved, a high-definition camera 19, a sound recorder 20 and an electric wire 21; the thickness of the non-paved soil area 22 is about 0.5cm, farmland soil which is not filled with 2mm sieves is not filled, and the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals), soil and the like in the ecological box are monitored and recorded by the installed instruments and equipment conveniently;

the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) is the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) of the screened soil animal active biosensor;

The middle ecological box 5 is a space for placing a soil sensor;

the lower ecological box 6 is not provided with a green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals) and any instrument and equipment, is filled with soil which is sieved by a 2mm sieve, plays a supporting role on the middle ecological box 5 and the upper ecological box 4, and is also a channel for laying electric wires 21 required by the instruments and equipment of the middle ecological box 5 and the upper ecological box 4;

the connecting ring 7 is detachable, corrosion-resistant, firm, durable, light and easy to install; the connection and the installation between the upper layer and the lower layer are realized, so that the overhaul and the replacement of instruments and equipment in the ecological box are convenient, and the input and the extraction of the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animals), soil samples and the like in the ecological box are convenient;

the undisturbed soil 8 is undisturbed farmland soil of an experimental sample plot;

the standby power supply 9 is industrial power and is used as the standby power supply 9 for supplying power to the solar panel 10;

the solar panel 10 provides power for the ecological box and is a main power supply of the ecological box;

the fixing screw 11 can adjust and fix the height of the support rod 12;

the bottom 14 of the ecological box is free of a bottom plate or a gauze and is directly communicated with the lower layer in-situ soil;

the wire tube 15 is provided with and protects a wire 21 to supply power for instrument and equipment in a power generation box;

The soil passing through the 2mm sieve is soil placed in an ecological box, in-situ soil is retrieved from a laboratory, the soil passing through the 2mm sieve is naturally dried in the room, and then the soil passing through the 2mm sieve is evenly paved in the ecological box;

the soil surface is the surface of farmland soil of the experimental sample land.

The crops 13 are crops 13 planted in the experimental farmland in the same season.

The working steps of the field experimental device are as follows:

and 1, selecting the spatial positions of the solar panel 10, the standby power supply 9 and the ecological box. In the field experiment farmland, the spatial positions of the solar cell panel 10, the standby power supply 9 and the ecological box are selected and set according to the shape and the size of the sample land, the distance from the industrial power supply or the agricultural power supply, the height of surrounding crops 13, the characteristics of the trees in the field and other practical conditions.

Step 2, a solar panel 10 and a standby power supply 9 are arranged. The solar panel 10, the wire tube 15, the elbow 16 and the fixing screw 11 are arranged at proper positions in farmland soil.

And 3, arranging the position of the ecological box. A soil column with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 22cm is dug by tools such as a spade and the like and is used for arranging the whole ecological box.

And 4, arranging a lower ecological box 6. The method comprises the following steps:

Firstly, lightly inserting the lower ecological box 6 into the excavated soil column, keeping the integrity of the ecological box, and keeping the cylindrical shape of the lower ecological box 6 as much as possible, so that the outer wall of the ecological box is tightly adhered with soil;

secondly, paving farmland soil with the thickness of 10cm and passing through a 2mm sieve in a lower ecological box 6, and lightly beating the farmland soil with the thickness of 10cm by using a spade or a hand with disposable gloves to keep the soil surface horizontal;

and thirdly, the lower gauze 3 and the lower ecological box 6 are connected through the connecting ring 7, and careful care is needed in the connection process, so that the connection is tight and firm.

And 5, arranging a middle ecological box 5. The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, lightly inserting a middle ecological box 5 into a excavated soil column, connecting the middle ecological box with a lower screen through a connecting ring 7, keeping the integrity of the ecological box, keeping the cylindrical shape of a lower ecological box 6 as much as possible, and tightly sticking the outer wall of the ecological box with soil;

secondly, arranging electric wires 21 required by a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 which are arranged in the middle-layer ecological box 5, wherein the upper parts of the electric wires 21 are leveled with the top of the middle-layer ecological box 5, and the lower parts of the electric wires 21 penetrate through the lower gauze 3 and are connected with the solar panel 10 and the standby power supply 9 through the electric wire pipes 15;

Thirdly, arranging wires 21 required by a high-definition camera 19 and a sound recorder 20 which are arranged in the upper ecological box 4, wherein the upper parts of the wires 21 are leveled with the farmland soil surface 18 (namely the top of the upper ecological box 4), and the lower parts of the wires 21 penetrate through the gauze of the lower ecological box 6 and are connected with the solar panel 10 and the standby power supply 9 through the wire tube 15;

fourthly, paving farmland soil with the thickness of 10cm and passing through a 2mm sieve in the middle ecological box 5, and lightly beating the farmland soil with a spade or a hand with disposable gloves when the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 10cm so as to keep the soil surface horizontal;

step five, lightly embedding a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 into surface soil of the middle ecological box 5, wherein the uppermost part of the sensor is preferably covered with a layer of thin farmland soil which passes through a 2mm sieve;

a sixth step of connecting a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH sensor 26, a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 with the arranged electric wires 21, electrifying to detect whether the sensors can work normally, and performing the next operation after the sensors can work normally, if the sensors cannot work normally, checking whether the electric wires 21 are connected correctly;

Seventh, arranging wires 21 required by the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 which are arranged in the upper ecological box 4, enabling the wires 21 of the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 to pass through the middle gauze 2, and reserving the upper parts of the wires 21 of the instrument devices at the space positions of the upper ecological box 4;

and eighth step, the middle layer gauze 2 and the middle layer ecological box 5 are connected through the connecting ring 7, and careful care is needed in the connection process, so that the connection is tight and firm.

And 6, arranging an upper ecological box 4. The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, lightly inserting an upper ecological box 4 into a excavated soil column, connecting the upper ecological box with a middle layer screen through a connecting ring 7, keeping the integrity of the ecological box, keeping the cylindrical shape of the upper ecological box 4 as much as possible, and tightly sticking the outer wall of the ecological box with soil;

secondly, paving farmland soil with the thickness of 1.5cm and passing through a 2mm sieve in an upper ecological box 4, and lightly beating the farmland soil by a spade or a hand with disposable gloves when the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 1.5cm so as to keep the soil surface horizontal;

thirdly, lightly arranging the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 in an area 22 where soil is not paved;

fourthly, connecting the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 with the arranged electric wire 21, detecting whether the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 can work normally when the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 can work normally, and then performing the next operation if the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 cannot work normally, and checking whether the electric wire 21 is connected correctly again;

Fifthly, the green ecological buoys 23 which are screened and cultivated are gently placed on the surface of farmland soil which is screened by a 2mm sieve, the green ecological buoys 23 are not disturbed as much as possible, and the green ecological buoys 23 slowly enter the farmland soil which is screened by the 2mm sieve;

and sixthly, after the green ecological buoys 23 enter farmland soil which is screened by 2mm, lightly covering the upper layer gauze 1, connecting the upper layer gauze 1 with the upper layer ecological box 4 through the connecting ring 7, carefully and carefully connecting the upper layer gauze 1 and the upper layer ecological box 4, ensuring that the connecting position is compact and firm, and ensuring light action, thereby avoiding influencing the green ecological buoys 23 which are just put in.

And 7, starting the field experimental device of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

first, the power supply is turned on to enable the field experimental device to start working.

And secondly, opening a portable notebook computer which is carried about, starting to receive data transmitted in real time by the high-definition camera 19, the sound recorder 20, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH value sensor 26, the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28, and performing preliminary analysis on the data.

Thirdly, if all the instruments are normal, the next step can be carried out, if the data of the individual instruments are abnormal, the step 5 and the step 6 are needed to be repeated, the electric wire 21 is adjusted, and after all the instruments are normal, the next step is carried out;

Step four, remotely controlling an indoor data management center, monitoring whether the indoor data management center can receive the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environment factor data in real time, and if all the data are normal, performing the next step; if the real-time data cannot be normally received, the indoor staff is required to debug the instruments and equipment of the indoor data management center, and the next operation can be performed after the instruments and equipment of the indoor data management center can normally receive the real-time transmitted green ecological buoy 23 and soil environment factor data;

and fifthly, returning to the indoor data management center to formally receive the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environment factor data which are automatically transmitted in real time.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 4, 1. A field real-time automatic monitoring process: the interaction process of the screened green ecological buoy (namely the soil animal) of the soil animal and the soil environment is automatically monitored in real time by using a high-definition camera, a sound recorder and the like in the ecological box of the field experiment of the active biological sensor of the soil animal, so that high-definition and real-time data of the interaction of the green ecological buoy of the soil animal and the soil environment are obtained.

2. The real-time automatic data transmission process comprises the following steps: and the obtained high-definition real-time data of the interaction of the green ecological buoy of the soil animal and the soil environment are automatically transmitted to a data management center of a laboratory in real time by using modern technologies and methods such as a 5G network, the Internet, a cloud platform and the like.

3. The process of data real-time storage, management and analysis comprises the following steps: based on modern equipment and technical methods such as modern electronic computers, databases, big data, cloud computing and the like, real-time data of the interaction of the transmitted green ecological buoy of the soil animal and the soil environment are received, stored and managed in real time, and based on modern technologies and methods such as big data, cloud computing, deep learning and the like, the acquired multi-source heterogeneous big data are analyzed and mined.

4. The farmland soil health diagnosis process comprises the following steps: based on the obtained large amount of high-quality data, the monitored farmland soil health condition is evaluated and diagnosed in real time by adopting technologies, methods and algorithms such as big data, artificial intelligence, deep learning and the like, and a health condition evaluation result is given.

5. The farmland soil health treatment and service process comprises the following steps: based on the diagnosis result of the farmland soil health condition, a scientific treatment scheme of farmland soil is automatically provided in real time, and scientific service and on-site event treatment are carried out.

6. Farmland soil: the field experimental object-farmland soil entity monitored by the patent.

7. Ecological box for field experiment of soil animal active biological sensor: the green ecological buoy of the soil animals (another patent of the invention) which is screened out can be placed in the field experiment ecological box, and real-time data of interaction of the green ecological buoy of the soil animals and the soil environment can be automatically monitored in real time by adopting a high-strength camera, a sensor and the like

8. Green ecological buoy: namely, in-situ soil animals in the farmland screened by the patent, and the specific screening process is detailed in another patent.

9. Farmland surface: the field experimental object monitored by the patent-the ground surface of farmland.

As shown in fig. 5, 1. Complex ecological process of interaction of green ecobuoy with farmland soil environment: this is the first principle of operation process of this patent work, through placing green ecological buoy in soil animal activity biosensor's field experiment device, takes place the complex ecological process of green ecological buoy (i.e. soil animal) and farmland soil environment interaction in the field.

2. The complex ecological process is automatically monitored in real time all the time, all the weather and the whole period: this is the second working principle process of this patent, uses modern monitoring instrument and equipment all day, all weather, real-time automatic monitoring green ecological buoy (i.e. soil animal) of full cycle and the complex ecological process of farmland soil environment interaction.

3. High-stability, high-quality, real-time and automatic transmission of multi-source heterogeneous big data: the third working principle process of the patent is based on modern information transmission equipment and technical methods, and the data is transmitted to an indoor experimental data management center automatically in real time with high stability and high quality.

4. Receiving, storing, identifying and analyzing real-time big data: this is the fourth principle of operation of this patent, and the laboratory experiment data management center will accept, store and identify the transmitted data and analyze the data.

5. Real-time diagnosis, treatment and service are carried out on farmland soil health: the fifth working principle process of the patent is based on analysis, excavation and evaluation of monitoring data, and finally diagnosis, treatment and service of farmland soil health conditions are carried out in real time.

The soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method can be used for diagnosing the health of farmland soil, wherein the farmland soil can comprise dry farmland soil, paddy field soil, paddy-upland rotation farmland soil and the like, can also comprise mountain farmland soil, plain farmland soil, hilly farmland soil and the like, and can also comprise corn farmland soil, soybean farmland soil, wheat Tian Nongtian soil, rape farmland soil and the like. The soil animal activity biosensor can be used for diagnosing various farmland soil health conditions, including farmland soil health conditions of pesticides and fertilizers applied in different types, different concentrations, different time periods and different combinations; comprises the steps of diagnosing the health condition of farmland soil by farmland management measures such as ploughing, leveling, irrigation and the like; comprises the diagnosis of the health condition of farmland soil under natural stress such as drought, heavy rain, reverse spring cold and the like. The soil animal activity biosensor comprises a sensor, a sensor and a sensor, wherein the sensor is used for detecting the activity of soil animals, and the sensor is used for detecting the activity of the soil animals, and comprises evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and service of the soil health of the farmland, wherein the evaluation is used for evaluating the health condition of the farmland in different grades based on evaluation indexes; diagnosis is a diagnosis of giving a health level; the treatment is to give one or more sets of schemes which are targeted, scientifically based, effective and feasible for improving and improving the farmland soil quality; the service is to provide one or more sets of serialized service measures which can be implemented in the field, meet the actual conditions of different farmland soil and meet the current conditions of farmland soil in different areas.

The invention relates to a soil animal active biosensor (1), which takes in-situ soil animals in an agricultural field as green ecological buoys, wherein the green ecological buoys comprise in-situ earthworms, ants, beetles, centipedes, mites, springtails and the like in the agricultural field; the green ecological buoy is not only a sensitive material, but also has more complex function in theory and more practical effect; the green ecological buoy is a complex and natural ecological process which comprehensively reflects a complex biological process of soil animals, a complex environmental condition of farmland soil and a complex interaction process of soil animals and farmland soil and can diagnose the health condition of farmland soil;

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The method for obtaining the soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) collecting soil animals in a field farmland, and carrying the collected living soil animals back to a laboratory: collecting farmland soil animals in a field farmland, placing the collected soil animal samples into a specimen bottle or a specimen box, and separating predators from predators and competitors; then, a cover is covered to prevent the soil animals from escaping, and a plurality of small holes are pricked on the cover by using tools to ensure that enough air exists in the specimen bottle or the specimen box, the aperture of the small holes is smaller than 2mm, and the soil animals in the specimen bottle or the specimen box are prevented from escaping; then, placing in-situ soil particles and litters into a specimen bottle or a specimen box; collecting soil columns or earthwork with the depth of 15cm in a field farmland by using a soil column method, putting the soil columns or earthwork into a cloth bag or a self-sealing bag, and carrying mites and springtails with dominant quantity in soil to be separated back to a laboratory;

Placing the culture box into a constant-temperature wet incubator, and regulating the soil temperature and humidity to the average soil temperature and humidity level of a field farmland; or directly placing the culture box into a laboratory, and culturing and breeding under the room temperature condition; in the whole culture process, a high-definition camera is arranged above a culture box, the activity state of soil animals is automatically monitored in real time, and the automatically monitored data are timely imported into a database;

after 40 days of culture, selecting species and population which meet basic attributes and activity characteristics, and taking the species and population as an object entering the next screening link and also as a candidate of a green ecological buoy required by the soil animal active biosensor; the requirements are as follows: (1) basic attribute aspects: the number of individuals is unchanged or increased, the average biomass is unchanged or increased, the average body length and body width are unchanged or increased, the average spawning number is unchanged or increased, and the average larval number is unchanged or increased; (2) Activity feature: the number of activities in unit time is basically kept stable, and the moving distance in unit time is basically kept stable; selecting species and populations with basic attributes and activity characteristics at average levels to enter a next screening link, wherein the species and populations of the soil animals are called candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal activity biosensors;

step 1 (5) is divided into six steps:

firstly, preparing a culture box, selecting a 10cm thick in-situ farmland soil culture box with a 2mm sieve paved at the bottom of the culture box for large-sized soil animals, and placing the large-sized soil animals in the culture box; for medium-sized soil animals, selecting a culture box which is provided with a culture medium and paved with 1cm thick in-situ farmland soil with a 2mm sieve, and placing the springtails and mites in the culture box;

according to the screened soil animal active biosensor species and population, carrying out various combinations on the screened green ecological buoy candidates required by the soil animal active biosensor which is not subjected to pesticide gradient experiments to form different soil animal communities; repeating the experimental processes from the first step to the sixth step in the step (5) of the step 1, and screening out a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, thereby being used as a green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal active biosensor;

screening in the first experimental period, screening in the second and third experimental periods, and using the species, population and community which are qualified in evaluation as green ecological buoy species, population and community required by the soil animal activity biosensor, and using the species, population and community in field farmland soil health diagnosis practice after indoor culture, verification under field complex environmental conditions and indoor secondary culture;

(8) and (3) taking the green ecological buoy as an object, repeating the steps (1) - (7) in the step (2), domesticating the green ecological buoy in batches, and using the green ecological buoy after field domestication in the practical process of farmland soil health assessment.

2. The method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the method for collecting farmland soil animals in step (1) comprises a hand picking method, a fluke device method, a trapping method, a net sweeping method, a lamp trapping method.

3. The method for obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for diagnosing farmland soil health according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the daily air temperature of the farmland soil animals collected in step 1 reaches more than 30 ℃, 1-2 ice bags are required to be used for cooling, and the temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃.

4. The method of obtaining a soil animal active biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the means for sterilization in step (3) of step 2 comprises a spade.