CN113740511A

CN113740511A - Method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis

Info

Publication number: CN113740511A
Application number: CN202111039718.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高梅香; 李加林; 朱家祺
Original assignee: Ningbo University
Current assignee: Ningbo University
Priority date: 2021-09-06
Filing date: 2021-09-06
Publication date: 2021-12-03
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-06
Also published as: CN113740511B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for obtaining a soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis. The method comprises the following steps: step 1: screening green ecological buoys of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor; step 2: a farmland soil animal activity biosensor green ecological buoy is subjected to field domestication based on a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device. The soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method takes in-situ soil animals in the farmland as green ecological buoys, and is a complex and natural ecological process capable of diagnosing the health condition of the farmland soil; the soil conditioner has strong adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil, and has outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability when reflecting the health condition of the soil; the complex ecological process between the soil animals and the farmland soil environment is automatically monitored in real time, all-weather and full cycle through automatic monitoring instruments and equipment.

Description

Method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for obtaining a soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis.

Background

The biosensor is a novel device which takes immobilized biological components (such as enzyme, protein, DNA antibody and antigen) or organisms (such as cells, microorganisms and tissues) as sensitive materials and is combined with a proper chemical converter for rapidly monitoring physics, chemistry and biomass. The biosensor captures the reaction between the target and the sensitive material through various physical and chemical transducers, then converts the degree of the reaction into an electric signal, and calculates the magnitude of the measured value according to the electric signal. Biosensors have been developed rapidly in recent years, are applied to the fields of medicine, fermentation production, food industry, environmental monitoring and the like, and play an important role in many fields.

Existing biosensors suffer from the following disadvantages:

(1) the existing biosensor takes cultured cells, microorganisms, tissues and the like as sensitive materials which are not in-situ soil animals in farmlands, and the existing sensitive materials have poor adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil, so that the authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability of detection are poor;

(2) the existing biosensor captures the reaction between a target object and a sensitive material through various physical and chemical transducers, and cannot monitor the complex ecological process between the soil animal and the farmland soil environment in real time, all weather and all cycle;

(3) the existing biosensor converts the degree of reaction into an electric signal, and calculates the magnitude of the measured value according to the electric signal, which is an indirect estimation and monitoring process, and the detection authenticity, accuracy and reliability are poor.

Therefore, the patent application firstly proposes and designs a new concept of the soil animal activity biosensor.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for obtaining a soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis, which takes in-situ activity soil animals in soil as green ecological buoys, and the obtained soil animal activity biosensor has better adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to field farmland soil, and further has higher authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability of detection.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the method for obtaining the soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: screening green ecological buoys of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor:

firstly, collecting soil animals in a field farmland, and bringing collected living soil animals back to a laboratory:

collecting farmland soil animals in a field farmland, putting collected soil animal samples into a specimen bottle or a specimen box, and isolating predators, predators and competitors; then, a cover is covered to prevent the soil animals from escaping, a tool is used for pricking small holes on the cover to ensure that enough air exists in the specimen bottle or the specimen box, and the aperture of the small holes is smaller than 2mm to prevent the soil animals inside from escaping; then, in-situ soil particles and withered leaves are put into a specimen bottle or a specimen box; collecting soil columns or earthwork with the depth of 15cm in a field farmland by using a soil column method, putting the soil columns or earthwork into a cloth bag or a self-sealing bag, and bringing the soil columns or earthwork back to a laboratory to separate mites and springtails with dominant quantity in the soil;

picking and separating the collected soil animal samples, respectively placing the soil animal samples into a culture box for culture, and automatically monitoring the activity rule of the soil animals in real time by adopting a high-definition camera:

preliminarily classifying and sorting soil animals placed in a specimen bottle or a specimen box, and respectively placing the soil animals in different culture boxes according to class groups; spreading in-situ farmland soil with the thickness of 10cm and with a sieve of 2mm at the bottom layer of the culture box, covering with crops or weed straws, simulating natural environmental conditions of the farmland soil in the field, and adjusting the soil to the average soil temperature and humidity level of the farmland in the field; according to food preferences of different groups, different food resources are respectively put into the culture boxes, and for the same species and group, standardized culture and breeding are carried out, and the same and equal amount of food resources are put in each time;

for the soil column or earthwork brought back from the field, separating medium-sized soil animals in the soil column or earthwork brought back from the field by adopting a dry funnel method; using a culture box provided with a culture medium at the lowest part of the dry funnel, and directly separating and obtaining the living soil flea and mites; after the separation is finished, the flea beetles and the mites are separated into different culture boxes for culture, the materials and the specifications of the culture boxes are the same as those of the culture boxes, and a prepared standardized culture medium is arranged in the culture boxes; carrying out standardized culture and breeding on the same species and the same group, and putting the same and equal amount of food resources each time;

putting the culture box into a constant-temperature wet culture box, and adjusting the soil temperature and humidity to the average soil temperature and humidity level of a field farmland; or directly placing the culture box in a laboratory, and culturing and propagating at room temperature; in the whole culture process, a high-definition camera is arranged above a culture box, the activity state of soil animals is automatically monitored in real time, and automatically monitored data are timely imported into a database;

screening a large number of soil animals which can be cultured and can propagate and grow in a large amount in a laboratory:

regularly checking and measuring soil animals in the culture box, and acquiring basic parameters to judge which soil animals can be used as green ecological buoys of the soil animal activity biosensors; the inspected and measured attribute data includes:

basic properties: species number, individual number, biomass, body length, body width, body color, number of eggs laid, number of larvae;

the activity characteristic is as follows: the number of times of activity, the moving direction, the moving distance, the moving time, the fighting times, the fighting degree and the competition result in unit time;

after 40 days of culture, selecting species and populations which accord with basic attributes and activity characteristics, and taking the species and populations as objects entering the next screening link and candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal activity biosensor; the requirements are as follows: (1) basic attribute aspect: the number of individuals is unchanged or increased, the average biomass is unchanged or increased, the average body length and body width are unchanged or increased, the average egg laying number is unchanged or increased, and the average larva number is unchanged or increased; (2) the activity characteristic is as follows: the number of activities in unit time is kept stable basically, and the moving distance in unit time is kept stable basically; selecting species and populations with basic attributes and activity characteristics at an average level, and enabling the species and populations to enter the next screening link, wherein the species and populations of the soil animals are called candidates of green ecological buoys required by the soil animal activity biosensor;

fourthly, cultivating the candidates of the green ecological buoy required by the soil animal activity biosensor to obtain synchronized species and populations:

cultivating and breeding the selected candidates of the green ecological buoy required by the soil animal activity biosensor, and breeding the candidates to obtain synchronized species, individuals and populations; during the period, recording the environmental conditions, basic attributes, activity characteristics and all the conditions of the culture process, and importing the data acquired by the automatic monitoring equipment into a database;

fifthly, setting pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, screening species and populations of soil animals with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment changes, and taking the species and populations as species and populations of green ecological buoys required by soil animal activity biosensors:

the step 1 comprises six steps: firstly, preparing a culture box, selecting the 10 cm-thick in-situ farmland soil culture box with the bottom paved with a 2mm sieve for large soil animals, and placing the large soil animals in the culture box; for medium-sized soil animals, selecting the culture boxes of 1 cm-thick in-situ farmland soil which is provided with the culture medium and is paved with a 2mm sieve, and placing the springtails and the mites in the culture boxes;

step two, respectively transferring the soil animals synchronized in the step 4 into an experiment box;

thirdly, selecting a pesticide, and respectively setting 4 gradients of no pesticide and low-concentration, medium-concentration and high-concentration pesticides according to the dosage habit of local farmers for using the pesticide; according to the habit of applying pesticides by local farmers, respectively spraying four gradients of pesticides into the culture boxes in the second step;

fourthly, automatically monitoring the dynamic characteristics of the soil animals in real time: a high-definition camera is arranged above the experiment box, and dynamic characteristics of soil animals under different pesticide gradients are automatically monitored in real time;

and fifthly, regularly and regularly harvesting soil animals in the culture box, and measuring basic attributes and activity characteristic parameters of the soil animals: regularly and regularly harvesting soil animals in the culture box every 7 days, respectively acquiring basic parameters and activity characteristics of the soil animals, and timely importing the acquired data into a database;

sixthly, sorting and analyzing all data obtained in the first test period, operating an algorithm and a model for evaluating the soil animal activity biosensor, and screening out species and populations of green ecological buoys capable of being used as the soil animal activity biosensor according to evaluation results;

sixthly, setting pesticide gradient experiments with different concentrations, combining and culturing the species and population of the green ecological buoy required by the screened soil animal activity biosensor, screening a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment change, and taking the soil animal community as the green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal activity biosensor:

according to the screened species and population of the soil animal activity biosensor, carrying out multiple combinations on the screened candidates of the green ecological buoy required by the soil animal activity biosensor which is not subjected to the pesticide gradient experiment to form different soil animal communities; repeating the experimental process from the first step to the sixth step in the fifth step of the step 1, and screening out a soil animal community with sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment change to serve as a green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal activity biosensor;

and seventhly, after at least 3 experimental periods, determining green ecological buoy species, populations and communities required by the screened soil animal activity biosensor:

after the screening of the first experiment period is completed, the screening of the second experiment period and the third experiment period is carried out, and the species, the population and the community which are evaluated to be qualified are used as green ecological buoy species, populations and communities required by the soil animal activity biosensor. After indoor culture, verification under field complex environment conditions and indoor re-culture, the method is used in the practice of field farmland soil health diagnosis;

step 2: based on a field experiment device of farmland soil animal activity biosensor, field domestication is carried out to the green ecological buoy of farmland soil animal activity biosensor:

collecting 0-15cm of in-situ farmland soil in the field, bringing the farmland soil back to a laboratory, naturally drying the farmland soil indoors, and screening the farmland soil by a 2mm sieve for later use;

carrying out batch and synchronous culture on the green ecological buoys screened in the step 1, measuring the synchronized green ecological buoys, wherein the measurement parameters comprise biomass, body length, body width and body color, and then placing the green ecological buoys in a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor for field domestication;

digging 0-15cm deep cylindrical soil pits in a field farmland by using a sterilized tool, and digging at least 30 soil pits in each green ecological buoy;

setting and operating a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, and arranging a green ecological buoy of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor in the farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device:

(1) the method comprises the following steps of placing a lower layer ecological box of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device into a soil pit, wherein the bottom of the lower layer ecological box is directly contacted with in-situ farmland soil, laying an electric wire used by instrument equipment in the farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device ecological box, and leading the electric wire out from the bottom of the lower layer ecological box and directly connecting the electric wire into a wire pipe in the farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experiment device ecological box;

soil passing through a 2mm sieve is tiled into a lower ecological box, the soil is tiled from the lower layer to the upper layer one by one, and when the soil is flush with the top of the lower ecological box, a rubber hammer is used for lightly flapping the soil to level the soil; then, spraying water by using a spraying pot, wherein the volume of the water to be sprayed is calculated according to the water content of the soil on the lower layer of the farmland, so that the water content of the soil in the ecological box on the lower layer is equal to the water content of the soil on the lower layer of the farmland;

buckling a connecting ring in a farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device, enabling an electric wire of instrument equipment in the farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device to pass through a sieve mesh of a lower layer gauze, and then connecting and fastening the lower layer gauze in the farmland soil animal activity biosensor field experimental device with a lower layer ecological box;

(2) the middle ecological box is arranged in the soil pit and is connected with the lower ecological box through a connecting ring; connecting the electric wire of the instrument and equipment with a soil sensor in the middle ecological box, wherein the soil sensor comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil pH value sensor, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor and a soil conductivity sensor in a field experimental device of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor;

then, soil passing through a 2mm sieve is tiled in the middle-layer ecological box from the lower layer to the upper layer, and when the soil is flush with the top of the middle-layer ecological box, a small shovel is used for gently flapping the soil to level the soil; then, spraying water by using a spraying pot, wherein the volume of the water to be sprayed is calculated according to the water content of the middle layer soil of the farmland, so that the water content of the soil in the middle layer ecological box is equal to the water content of the middle layer soil of the farmland;

then adjusting the position of the soil sensor to be positioned at the top of the middle ecological box and the lower part of the middle gauze, wherein a probe of the soil sensor is buried in the soil and cannot touch the middle gauze;

(3) the upper ecological box is arranged in the soil pit and is connected with the middle ecological box through a connecting ring; connecting the electric wire of the instrument equipment to a high-definition camera and a sound recorder in the upper ecological box;

soil which is sieved by a 2mm sieve is tiled in an upper ecological box, the soil is tiled from a lower layer to an upper layer one by one, the thickness of the soil is 1.5cm, the soil which is sieved by the 2mm sieve is not paved in a space with the upper part 0.5cm away from the edge of the upper ecological box, and the soil surface is flattened by beating with hands with disposable experimental gloves; then, spraying water by using a spraying pot, wherein the volume of the water to be sprayed is calculated according to the water content of the soil on the upper layer of the farmland, so that the water content of the soil in the upper ecological box is equal to the water content of the soil on the upper layer of the farmland;

preparing a high-definition camera and a sound recorder, and fixing the high-definition camera and the sound recorder on the inner wall of a PVC plate in an area where soil is not laid in the upper ecological box;

placing the synchronized green ecological buoys on the soil surface of the upper ecological box, and setting the number of the synchronized green ecological buoys according to the characteristics of the used green ecological buoys;

then fixing the upper layer gauze to the upper layer ecological box by using the connecting ring to enable the upper layer gauze to be flush with the surface layer of the farmland soil;

(4) treating farmland surface soil near the ecological box to enable the farmland surface soil to be close to natural farmland surface soil;

day by day automatic monitoring and checking, recording, sorting and analyzing green ecological buoy dynamics:

a farmland soil animal activity biosensor based field experimental device automatically monitors and timely checks the state and the activity characteristics of a green ecological buoy in an ecological box in real time; in the whole field domestication process, the state and the activity characteristics of the green ecological buoy are checked, recorded, sorted and analyzed at regular time and are used as an evaluation basis of the field domestication result of the green ecological buoy;

sixthly, taking back the green ecological buoys in the ecological boxes for field domestication on

days

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 respectively, ensuring that each green ecological buoy takes back 3 repeated ecological boxes, and taking the average field domestication state to evaluate the field domestication result;

measuring basic attribute parameters of the retrieved green ecological buoy indoors, including biomass, body length, body width, body color and the like, and evaluating a field domestication result by combining the data obtained by automatic monitoring in the step 5;

when the biomass, the body length, the body width and the body color of the green ecological buoy are kept unchanged or increased in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days, the daily moving distance, the number of activities in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy keep average stable conditions, namely the days are selected as the field domestication time;

and (3) repeating the steps (1) to (4) by taking the green ecological buoy as an object, taking 3 days as a field domestication period, domesticating the green ecological buoys in batches, and using the field domesticated green ecological buoys in the practical process of farmland soil health assessment.

Further, the method for collecting the farmland soil animals in the step 1 comprises a hand picking method, a pest sucking device method, a trapping method, a net sweeping method and a lamp trapping method.

Furthermore, when the daily temperature of the farmland soil animals collected in the step 1 reaches more than 30 ℃, 1-2 ice bags are needed for cooling, and the temperature is controlled at 24-26 ℃.

Further, the data automatically monitored and acquired in the step 2 include the daily moving distance, the number of activities in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy; the parameters for keeping the average stable state of the green ecological buoys in the step 7 comprise the daily moving distance, the number of activities in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoys;

further, the tool for sterilization in the third step 2 comprises a shovel.

The invention also relates to a field experimental device of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor, which is characterized by comprising an ecological box and a power supply device; the ecological box consists of an upper ecological box, a middle ecological box and a lower ecological box, the upper ecological box, the middle ecological box and the lower ecological box are all of a vertically through structure, and the upper ecological box, the middle ecological box and the lower ecological box are detachably connected through connecting rings sequentially from top to bottom;

the power supply device comprises a solar panel, a support rod, a wire tube and a standby power supply, wherein the wire tube consists of a vertical section and a horizontal section, the bottom end of the vertical section is connected with one end of the horizontal section through an elbow, the top end of the vertical section of the wire tube is connected with the support rod through a fixed screw, and the support rod is provided with the solar panel; the standby power supply is used as a standby power supply for supplying power to the solar cell panel;

an upper layer gauze is arranged in the connecting ring at the top opening part of the upper layer ecological box; a middle layer gauze is arranged in a connecting ring at the top opening part of the middle layer ecological box; a lower layer gauze is arranged in the connecting ring at the top opening part of the lower layer ecological box;

a high-definition camera and a sound recorder are arranged in the upper ecological box; electric wires connected to the high-definition camera and the sound recorder penetrate through the electric wire tube to be connected with the solar panel; the high-definition camera is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording the complex ecological action process of the green ecological buoy and the soil environmental factors in the ecological box in real time; the sound recorder is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording all sounds inside and outside the ecological box in real time;

a soil temperature and humidity sensor, a soil pH value sensor, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor and a soil conductivity sensor are arranged in the middle ecological box; electric wires connected with the soil temperature and humidity sensor, the soil pH value sensor, the soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor and the soil conductivity sensor penetrate through the electric wire pipe to be connected with the solar cell panel; the soil temperature and humidity sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording soil temperature and humidity data in real time; the soil pH value sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording the soil pH value in real time; the soil nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil in real time; the soil conductivity sensor is used for automatically monitoring and recording soil conductivity in real time.

Further, the upper layer gauze, the middle layer gauze and the lower layer gauze are all circular gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the diameters of the sieve pores of the upper layer gauze, the middle layer gauze and the lower layer gauze are all 2 mm;

furthermore, the height of upper ecological box is 2cm, and the material is transparent PVC board.

The soil animal activity biosensor of the invention has the beneficial effects that (1) the soil animal activity biosensor takes in-situ soil animals in the farmland as green ecological buoys, and the green ecological buoys comprise in-situ earthworms, ants, beetles, centipedes, mites, springtails and the like in the farmland; the green ecological buoy is not only a sensitive material, but also has more complex functions in theory and more effective effects in practice; the green ecological buoy is a complex and natural ecological process which comprehensively reflects a complex soil animal biological process, a complex farmland soil environment condition and a complex interaction process of soil animals and farmland soil and can diagnose the health condition of the farmland soil;

(2) the soil animal activity biosensor is used as a green ecological buoy, the soil animals are collected from the field farmland soil, have interaction and co-evolution relation with the field farmland soil for several years, dozens of years and even hundreds of years, and have extremely strong adaptability, sensitivity and tolerance to the field farmland soil; when farmland soil is affected by human activities, the soil animals can show active and passive response and adaptation based on biological instinct, and the green ecological buoy has outstanding authenticity, accuracy, sensitivity and reliability in reflecting soil health conditions;

(3) through equipment and technologies such as a high-definition camera, a high-definition sound recorder, a micro-photography and the like, the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method automatically monitors the complex ecological process between the soil animal and the farmland soil environment in real time, all weather and all cycle through various modern automatic monitoring instrument equipment;

(4) the existing biosensor converts the degree of reaction into an electric signal, and the size of a measured value is calculated according to the electric signal, but the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the invention adopts modern technical methods and instruments and equipment such as Internet +, 5G network and the like, automatically transmits automatically monitored multi-source heterogeneous big data to a data management center in a high-stability, high-quality, real-time and automatic manner, and automatically receives, stores, identifies and analyzes the real-time, multi-dimensional and multi-source heterogeneous big data in a real-time manner.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an upper ecological box of a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a middle layer ecological box of a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor provided by the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis provided by the invention in application;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the working principle of the soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis provided by the invention.

Description of reference numerals:

an upper layer gauze 1, a middle layer gauze 2, a lower layer gauze 3, an upper layer ecological box 4, a middle layer ecological box 5, a lower layer ecological box 6, a connecting ring 7, undisturbed soil 8, a standby power supply 9, a solar cell panel 10, a fixed spiral 11, a support rod 12, crops 13, an ecological box bottom 14, a wire pipe 15, an

elbow

16, 2 mm-sized soil 17, farmland soil surface 18, a high-definition camera 19, a sound recorder 20, a wire 21, an unpaved soil region 22, a green ecological buoy 23, a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27, a soil conductivity sensor 28, a field real-time automatic monitoring process 29, a data real-time automatic transmission process 30, a data real-time storage, management and analysis process 31, a farmland soil health diagnosis process 32, a farmland soil health treatment and service process 33, farmland soil 34, Soil animal activity biosensor field experiment ecological box 35.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The method for obtaining the soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis comprises the following steps:

according to the screened species and population of the soil animal activity biosensor, carrying out multiple combinations on the screened candidates of the green ecological buoy required by the soil animal activity biosensor which is not subjected to the pesticide gradient experiment to form different soil animal communities; repeating the experimental process from the first step to the sixth step in the fifth step of the step 1, and screening out a soil animal community which has sensitivity, sensitivity and tolerance to soil environment change and is used as a green ecological buoy community required by the soil animal activity biosensor;

(4) treating farmland soil near the ecological box to enable the farmland soil to be close to the state of the natural farmland soil surface;

days

further, the tool for sterilization in the third step 2 comprises a shovel.

Example 2

As shown in figures 1-3, a field experimental device of a farmland soil animal activity biosensor comprises an ecological box and a power supply device; the ecological box consists of an upper ecological box 4, a middle ecological box 5 and a lower ecological box 6, the upper ecological box 4, the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 are all of a vertically through structure, and the upper ecological box 4, the middle ecological box 5 and the lower ecological box 6 are detachably connected through a connecting ring 7 in sequence from top to bottom;

the power supply device comprises a solar cell panel 10, a support rod 12, a wire tube 15 and a standby power supply 9, wherein the wire tube 15 consists of a vertical section and a horizontal section, the bottom end of the vertical section is connected with one end of the horizontal section through an elbow 16, the top end of the vertical section of the wire tube 15 is connected with the support rod 12 through a fixed spiral 11, and the support rod 12 is provided with the solar cell panel 10; the standby power supply 9 is used as a standby power supply 9 for supplying power to the solar panel 10;

an upper layer gauze 1 is arranged in a connecting ring 7 at the top opening part of the upper layer ecological box 4; a middle layer gauze 2 is arranged in a connecting ring 7 at the top opening part of the middle layer ecological box 5; a lower layer gauze 3 is arranged in a connecting ring 7 at the top opening part of the lower layer ecological box 6;

a high-definition camera 19 and a sound recorder 20 are arranged in the upper ecological box 4; the electric wires 21 connected with the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 are connected with the solar cell panel 10 through the electric wire tube 15; the high-definition camera 19 is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording the complex ecological action process of the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environmental factors in the ecological box in real time; the sound recorder 20 is internally provided with a chip and an SD memory card and is used for automatically monitoring and recording all sounds inside and outside the ecological box in real time, including sounds emitted by a green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal), sounds of water seepage in soil, sounds of birds and bugs outside the ecological box, sounds of passing vehicles and the like;

a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 are arranged in the middle ecological box 5; the electric wires 21 connected with the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH value sensor 26, the soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28 penetrate through the electric wire pipe 15 to be connected with the solar cell panel 10; the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25 is used for automatically monitoring and recording soil temperature and humidity data in real time; the soil pH value sensor 26 is used for automatically monitoring and recording the soil pH value in real time; the soil nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium sensor 27 is used for automatically monitoring and recording the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil in real time; the soil conductivity sensor 28 is used to automatically monitor and record soil conductivity in real time.

The upper layer gauze 1 is a circular gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the gauze is corrosion-resistant, firm, durable and environment-friendly, can be used in the field for a long time, and has no negative influence on the soil environment of the field; the diameter of a sieve pore of the upper layer gauze 1 is 2mm, so that soil animals on the earth surface outside the ecological box are effectively prevented from entering, and meanwhile, soil animals (green ecological buoys 23) inside the ecological box are prevented from escaping; the sieve pores of the upper layer gauze 1 can ensure that soil and soil animals in the ecological box can perform normal material and energy exchange process with the external near-surface atmosphere, ensure the smooth information transmission process and keep the natural state of the soil environment for the survival of the soil animals in the ecological box.

The middle layer gauze 2 is a circular gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the gauze is corrosion-resistant, firm, durable and environment-friendly, can be used in the field for a long time, and has no negative influence on the soil environment of the field; the diameter of the sieve pores of the middle layer gauze 2 is 2mm, so that soil animals in the middle layer ecological box 5 are effectively prevented from entering the upper layer ecological box 4, and simultaneously soil animals (green ecological buoys 23) in the upper layer ecological box 4 are prevented from entering the middle layer ecological box 5; the sieve pores of the middle layer gauze 2 can ensure the normal processes of soil physics, chemistry and the like between the upper layer ecological box 4 and the middle layer ecological box 5, and the natural state of the living environment of soil animals in the ecological box is kept.

The lower layer gauze 3 is a circular gauze with the diameter of 20 cm; the gauze is corrosion-resistant, firm, durable and environment-friendly, can be used in the field for a long time, and has no negative influence on the soil environment of the field; the diameter of the sieve pore of the lower layer gauze 3 is 2mm, so that soil animals in the lower layer ecological box 6 are effectively prevented from entering the middle layer ecological box 5, and simultaneously soil animals in the middle layer ecological box 5 are prevented from entering the lower layer ecological box 6; the sieve pores of the lower layer gauze 3 can ensure the normal processes of soil physics, chemistry and the like between the middle layer ecological box 5 and the lower layer ecological box 6, and the natural state of the living environment of soil animals in the ecological box is kept.

The upper ecological box 4 is a space for survival, reproduction and activity of a green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) of the soil animal activity biosensor; the height is 2 cm; the material is a transparent PVC plate; the upper ecological box 4 simultaneously comprises an unpaved soil area 22, a high-definition camera 19, a sound recorder 20 and an electric wire 21; the thickness of the soil region 22 which is not paved is about 0.5cm, farmland soil which is not filled with 2mm sieve is not filled, and the device which is convenient to install monitors and records the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) and soil and the like in the ecological box;

the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) is the green ecological buoy 23 (soil animal) of the screened soil animal activity biosensor;

the middle ecological box 5 is a space for placing a soil sensor;

the lower ecological box 6 is not provided with green ecological buoys 23 (soil animals) and any instrument equipment, is filled with soil passing through a 2mm sieve, plays a supporting role for the middle ecological box 5 and the upper ecological box 4, and is also a channel for arranging electric wires 21 required by the instrument equipment of the middle ecological box 5 and the upper ecological box 4;

the connecting ring 7 is detachable, corrosion-resistant, firm, durable, light and easy to install; the connection and installation functions between the upper layer and the lower layer are achieved, the maintenance and the replacement of instruments and equipment in the ecological box are convenient, and the investment and the extraction of green ecological buoys 23 (soil animals), soil samples and the like in the ecological box are convenient;

the undisturbed soil 8 is undisturbed farmland soil of an experimental plot;

the standby power supply 9 is used for industrial electricity and is used as a standby power supply 9 for supplying power to the solar cell panel 10;

the solar cell panel 10 provides power for the ecological box and is a main power supply of the ecological box;

the fixing screw 11 can adjust and fix the height of the support rod 12;

the bottom 14 of the ecological box is not provided with a bottom plate or a gauze and is directly communicated with the lower-layer in-situ soil;

the wire tube 15 is provided with and protects wires 21 to provide power for instruments and equipment in the ecological box;

the soil passing through the 2mm sieve is the soil placed in the ecological box, the in-situ soil is taken back to a laboratory, the soil passes through the 2mm sieve after being naturally dried indoors, and then the soil passing through the 2mm sieve is uniformly paved in the ecological box;

the soil surface is the surface of farmland soil of an experimental sample plot.

The crops 13 are crops 13 planted in the experimental farmland in the season.

The working steps of the field experimental device are as follows:

step 1, selecting the space positions for arranging the solar cell panel 10, the standby power supply 9 and the ecological box. In the field experiment farmland, the space positions of the solar cell panel 10, the standby power supply 9 and the ecological box are selected and arranged according to the actual conditions of the shape, the size, the distance from the industrial power supply or the agricultural power supply, the height of the surrounding crops 13, the characteristics of trees in the field and the like.

And 2, arranging a solar panel 10 and a standby power supply 9. The solar cell panel 10, the electric wire pipe 15, the elbow 16 and the fixing screw 11 are placed at appropriate positions in the farmland soil.

And 3, arranging the position of the ecological box. A soil column with the diameter of 20cm and the depth of 22cm is dug by a tool such as a shovel and the like and is used for arranging the whole ecological box.

And 4, arranging a lower ecological box 6. The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, lightly inserting the lower ecological box 6 into the excavated soil column, keeping the integrity of the ecological box, keeping the cylindrical shape of the lower ecological box 6 as much as possible, and enabling the outer wall of the ecological box to be tightly attached to the soil;

secondly, farmland soil which is 10cm thick and passes through a 2mm sieve is paved in the lower ecological box 6, and when the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 10cm, a spade or a hand with disposable gloves is used for beating the farmland soil lightly to keep the soil surface horizontal;

and thirdly, the lower layer gauze 3 and the lower layer ecological box 6 are well connected through the connecting ring 7, care must be taken in the connection process, and the tight and firm connection position is ensured.

And 5, arranging a middle ecological box 5. The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, a middle ecological box 5 is gently inserted into the dug soil column and is well connected with a lower screen mesh through a connecting ring 7, the integrity of the ecological box is kept, and the cylindrical shape of a lower ecological box 6 is kept as much as possible, so that the outer wall of the ecological box is tightly attached to the soil;

secondly, arranging wires 21 required by a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 which are arranged in the middle ecological box 5, wherein the upper part of the wire 21 is level with the top of the middle ecological box 5, and the lower part of the wire 21 penetrates through the lower gauze 3 and is connected with the solar cell panel 10 and the standby power supply 9 through a wire pipe 15;

thirdly, arranging electric wires 21 required by a high-definition camera 19 and a sound recorder 20 arranged in the upper ecological box 4, wherein the upper part of the electric wires 21 is level with the farmland soil surface 18 (namely the top of the upper ecological box 4), and the lower part of the electric wires 21 penetrates through a gauze of the lower ecological box 6 and is connected with the solar cell panel 10 and the standby power supply 9 through an electric wire pipe 15;

fourthly, farmland soil which is 10cm thick and passes through a 2mm sieve is paved in the middle ecological box 5, and when the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 10cm, a spade or a hand with disposable gloves is used for beating the farmland soil lightly to keep the soil surface horizontal;

fifthly, slightly embedding a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 in the surface soil of the middle ecological box 5, and covering the top of the sensors with a layer of thin farmland soil which is sieved by a 2mm sieve;

sixthly, connecting a soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, a soil pH value sensor 26, a soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27 and a soil conductivity sensor 28 with the arranged electric wire 21, electrifying to detect whether the sensors can work normally, carrying out next operation after the sensors can work normally, and if the sensors cannot work normally, rechecking whether the electric wire 21 is connected correctly;

seventhly, arranging wires 21 required by the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 arranged in the upper ecological box 4, penetrating the wires 21 of the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 through the middle gauze 2, and keeping the upper parts of the wires 21 of the instruments and equipment at the spatial position of the upper ecological box 4;

and eighthly, the middle layer gauze 2 and the middle layer ecological box 5 are connected well through the connecting ring 7, care must be taken in the connection process, and the tight and firm connection position is ensured.

And 6, arranging an upper ecological box 4. The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, gently inserting an upper ecological box 4 into the dug earth pillar, connecting the upper ecological box with a middle screen through a connecting ring 7, keeping the integrity of the ecological box, keeping the cylindrical shape of the upper ecological box 4 as much as possible, and enabling the outer wall of the ecological box to be tightly attached to the soil;

secondly, farmland soil which is 1.5cm thick and passes through a 2mm sieve is paved in the upper ecological box 4, and when the thickness of the farmland soil reaches 1.5cm, a spade or a hand with disposable gloves is used for lightly beating the farmland soil to keep the soil surface horizontal;

thirdly, lightly arranging the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 in an area 22 where the soil is not laid;

fourthly, connecting the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 with the arranged electric wire 21, detecting whether the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 can normally work by electrifying, and performing next operation after the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 can normally work, wherein if the high-definition camera 19 and the sound recorder 20 cannot normally work, whether the electric wire 21 is correctly connected needs to be checked again;

fifthly, the screened and cultured green ecological buoys 23 are gently placed on the surface of the farmland soil which is sieved by the 2mm sieve, so that the green ecological buoys 23 are not interfered as much as possible, and the green ecological buoys 23 slowly enter the farmland soil which is sieved by the 2mm sieve;

sixth step, treat that these green ecological buoys 23 all enter into the farmland soil of crossing the 2mm sieve after, cover upper gauze 1 gently, be connected upper gauze 1 and upper ecological case 4 through clamping ring 7, the in-process of connection must carefully be careful, guarantees that the junction is inseparable, durable, and the action will be light moreover, avoids causing the influence to the green ecological buoy 23 that has just put into.

And 7, starting working of the field experimental device of the farmland soil animal activity biosensor. The method comprises the following specific steps:

in the first step, a power supply is turned on, and the field experimental device starts to work.

And secondly, opening the portable notebook computer carried about, starting to receive data transmitted by the high-definition camera 19, the sound recorder 20, the soil temperature and humidity sensor 25, the soil pH value sensor 26, the soil nitrogen phosphorus potassium sensor 27 and the soil conductivity sensor 28 in real time, and carrying out preliminary analysis on the data.

Step three, if all the equipment is normal, the next step can be carried out, if the data of the individual equipment is found to be abnormal, the step 5 and the step 6 need to be repeated, the electric wire 21 is adjusted, and the next step is carried out after all the equipment is normal;

fourthly, remotely controlling the indoor data management center, monitoring whether the indoor data management center can receive the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environment factor data in real time, and if all the data are normal, performing the next step; if the real-time data can not be received normally, indoor workers are required to debug the instrument equipment of the indoor data management center, and the next operation can be carried out only after the instrument equipment of the indoor data management center can normally receive the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environment factor data which are transmitted in real time;

and fifthly, returning to the indoor data management center to formally receive the green ecological buoy 23 and the soil environment factor data which are automatically transmitted in real time.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 4, 1. the field real-time automatic monitoring process: the interaction process of the screened soil animal green ecological buoy (namely the soil animal) and the soil environment is automatically monitored in real time by using a high-definition camera, a sound recorder and the like in the soil animal activity biosensor field experiment ecological box, so that high-definition and real-time data of the interaction of the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment are obtained.

2. The real-time automatic transmission process of the data comprises the following steps: the obtained high-definition real-time data of the interaction between the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment are automatically transmitted to a data management center of a laboratory in real time by using modern technologies and methods such as a 5G network, an internet and a cloud platform.

3. The data real-time storage, management and analysis process comprises the following steps: the real-time data of interaction between the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment transmitted by the modern electronic computer, the database, the big data, the cloud computing and other modern equipment and technical methods are received, stored and managed in real time, and the acquired multi-source heterogeneous big data are analyzed and mined based on the modern technologies and methods of the big data, the cloud computing, the deep learning and the like.

4. The farmland soil health diagnosis process comprises the following steps: based on the obtained large amount of high-quality data, technologies, methods and algorithms such as big data, artificial intelligence, deep learning and the like are adopted to carry out real-time assessment and diagnosis on the health condition of the monitored farmland soil, and a health condition evaluation result is given.

5. The farmland soil health treatment and service process comprises the following steps: and based on the diagnosis result of the health condition of the farmland soil, a scientific treatment scheme of the farmland soil is automatically given in real time, and scientific service and field event treatment are carried out.

6. Farmland soil: the field experiment object-farmland soil entity of this patent monitoring.

7. Soil animal activity biosensor field experiment ecological box: according to another invention patent developed by the team, the soil animal activity biosensor field experiment ecological box can place the screened soil animal green ecological buoy (another invention patent) in the field experiment ecological box, and adopts a high-strength camera, a sensor and the like to automatically monitor real-time data of interaction between the soil animal green ecological buoy and the soil environment in real time

8. Green ecological buoy: namely, the in-situ soil animals screened out by the method are disclosed in another patent for the detailed screening process.

9. Farmland surface: the earth's surface in field experiment object-farmland of this patent monitoring.

As shown in fig. 5, 1. complex ecological process of interaction between green ecological buoy and farmland soil environment: the first working principle process of the patent is that the green ecological buoy is arranged in a field experimental device of the soil animal activity biosensor, and a complex ecological process of interaction between the green ecological buoy (namely soil animals) and the farmland soil environment occurs in the field.

2. The complex ecological process is automatically monitored all day long, all weather and all cycle in real time: the method is a second working principle process of the patent, and a complex ecological process of automatically monitoring interaction of a green ecological buoy (namely soil animals) and a farmland soil environment all day long, all day long and all cycle by using modern monitoring instruments and equipment is used.

3. High-stability, high-quality and real-time automatic transmission of multi-source heterogeneous big data: the third working principle process of the patent is based on modern information transmission equipment and a technical method, and the data is automatically transmitted to an indoor experimental data management center in real time with high stability and high quality.

4. Receiving, storing, identifying and analyzing the real-time big data: the process is the fourth working principle process of the patent, and the indoor experimental data management center can receive, store and identify the transmitted data and analyze the data.

5. Real-time diagnosis, treatment and service of farmland soil health are carried out: the system is a fifth working principle process of the system, and finally carries out real-time diagnosis, treatment and service on the health condition of farmland soil based on analysis, mining and evaluation of monitoring data.

The soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method can be used for diagnosing the health of farmland soil, wherein the farmland soil can comprise dry farmland soil, paddy field soil, paddy-upland rotation farmland soil and the like, can also comprise mountain farmland soil, plain farmland soil, hilly farmland soil and the like, and can also comprise corn farmland soil, soybean farmland soil, wheat farmland soil, rape farmland soil and the like. The soil animal activity biosensor can be used for diagnosing the health conditions of various farmland soils, including the health conditions of the farmland soils applying pesticides and fertilizers of different types, different concentrations, different time periods and different combinations; the method comprises the steps of diagnosing the farmland soil health status of farmland management measures such as plowing, leveling, irrigation and the like; the method comprises the step of diagnosing the health conditions of farmland soil subjected to natural stresses such as drought, rainstorm, late spring cold and the like. The farmland soil health diagnosis in the soil animal activity biosensor comprises evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and service of farmland soil health, wherein the evaluation is to evaluate the health condition of farmland soil at different grades based on evaluation indexes; diagnosis is the result of a diagnosis giving a degree of health; the treatment is to provide one or more specific, scientific, effective and feasible schemes for improving and improving the farmland soil quality; the service is to provide one or more sets of serialized service measures which can be implemented in the field, meet the actual conditions of the farmland soil and meet the current conditions of the farmland soil in different areas.

The invention relates to a soil animal activity biosensor which is designed in a way that (1) in-situ soil animals in a farmland are used as green ecological buoys, and the green ecological buoys comprise in-situ earthworms, ants, beetles, centipedes, mites, springtails and the like in the farmland; the green ecological buoy is not only a sensitive material, but also has more complex functions in theory and more effective effects in practice; the green ecological buoy is a complex and natural ecological process which comprehensively reflects a complex soil animal biological process, a complex farmland soil environment condition and a complex interaction process of soil animals and farmland soil and can diagnose the health condition of the farmland soil;

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. The method for obtaining the soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

sixthly, taking back the green ecological buoys in the ecological boxes for field domestication on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 respectively, ensuring that each green ecological buoy takes back 3 repeated ecological boxes, and taking the average field domestication state to evaluate the field domestication result;

2. The method for obtaining a soil animal activity biosensor for agricultural soil health diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein the method of collecting agricultural soil animals in (1) comprises a hand picking method, a trematode method, a trapping method, a net sweeping method, and a lamp trapping method.

3. The method for obtaining a soil animal activity biosensor for farmland soil health diagnosis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 1-2 ice bags are required for cooling when the daily temperature of the farmland soil animals collected in the step 1 reaches 30 ℃ or higher, and the temperature is controlled at 24-26 ℃.

4. The method for obtaining soil animal activity biosensor for soil health diagnosis in agricultural field according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the data obtained by automatic monitoring in step 2 comprises daily moving distance, number of activities per unit time, moving direction of green ecological buoy; the parameters of the green ecological buoy keeping the average stable state in the step 7 comprise the daily moving distance, the number of activities in unit time and the moving direction of the green ecological buoy.

5. The method for obtaining a soil animal activity biosensor for agricultural soil health diagnosis of claim 4, wherein the means for sterilizing in step 2 comprises a shovel.

6. A soil animal activity biosensor for diagnosing soil health of a farm field, which is the soil animal activity biosensor obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.