CN109543954A - The method of the whether suitable dense planting of rape is judged using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk - Google Patents
The method of the whether suitable dense planting of rape is judged using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention belongs to rapeseed cultivation technical fields, more particularly to a kind of method for judging the whether suitable dense planting of rape using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk, 1) it is the following steps are included: obtain any rape variety stalk lodging index extreme value, the rape stem of the kind is at least divided into four sections from bottom to top, the difference of a maximum value in each section of lodging index of stem and a minimum value is stalk lodging index extreme value；2) the evaluation information whether practical planting density of the rape of the kind is suitable for is obtained according to stalk lodging index extreme value, stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, and practical planting density is excessive or too small, is that planting density is not suitable for；Stalk lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, and the evaluation information of density is the requirement that practical planting density has reached suitable planting density, and under this density, yield of rape height, lodging resistance are strong, and the two is coordinated the most.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rapeseed cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of to utilize each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
Judge the method for the whether suitable dense planting of rape.
Background technique
Rape is the most important winter oil mass crop in China.Obtain higher grain yield be to ensure that Rape-seed production benefit,
Peasant household's enthusiasm is improved, stablizes cultivated area, alleviate the contradictory precondition of China's edible vegetable oil supply.Maturity period mechanization
Harvest is to reduce labour's investment of Rape-seed production, and then can further improve another precondition of rapeseed cultivation benefit.Rape
After lodging, not only it is added significantly to the loss late of rape mechanical harvest, reduces operating efficiency, and to the yield and quality of rapeseed
Have an adverse effect.Therefore, under mechanization production mode, the yield index and lodging resistance of rapeseed are of equal importance.
In general, higher crop yield and stronger lodging resistance contradiction each other.Higher yield is obtained, is often led
The decline of its lodging resistance is caused, and then influences its mechanical work effect.Therefore, in direct-sowing rape production, suitable cultivation should be taken
Training measure not only can get higher grain yield to coordinate its high yield and the anti-fall contradiction of stalk, but have stronger lodging resistance with
Suitable mechanical harvest, and then Rape-seed production benefit can be improved.
Concretely, suitable planting density is the best group structure of building, coordinates high yield and anti-fall lance using community superiority
The most effective approach of shield.Planting density is low, then yield potentiality plays insufficient, and benefit is low；Planting density is excessively high, then lodging resistance is sharply
Decline, unfavorable mechanical harvest.However, suitable planting density is accustomed to by the breediness of each rape, Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households, fertilising water
The combined influence of the factors such as flat, soil fertility level and the weather conditions of various regions, and mechanism is more complex, leads to rape under specified conditions
The determination of suitable planting density is extremely difficult.
Summary of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, sentenced the present invention provides a kind of using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
The method of the whether suitable dense planting of oil-break dish.By this method can the simple and easy dish of stand oil really suitable planting density, for giving birth to
Produce actually can coordinate production and lodging resistance contradiction well, to improve direct-sowing rape productivity effect.
Technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:
A method of judging whether rape is suitable for dense planting using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk, including following
Step:
1) any rape variety stalk lodging index extreme value is obtained, wherein from bottom to top extremely by the rape stem of the kind
It is divided into four sections less, the difference of a maximum value in each section of lodging index of stem and a minimum value is stalk lodging index
Extreme value；
2) the practical planting density of the rape of the kind is obtained according to the stalk lodging index extreme value that step 1) obtains
Evaluation information, wherein the evaluation information of the density are as follows: practical planting density be less than or greater than reach yield of rape it is high,
The requirement for the suitable planting density that lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most, alternatively, practical planting density is equal to reaching yield of rape
The requirement for the suitable planting density that high, lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most；
Wherein:
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, and practical planting density is high, anti-less than or greater than yield of rape is reached
The requirement for the suitable planting density that property is strong and the two is coordinated the most；
The stalk lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, and the evaluation information of the density is practical planting density
Reach the requirement for the suitable planting density that yield of rape is high, lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most.
It based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, can be with the inventors found that by the stalk lodging index extreme value of rape
Obtain rape practical planting density evaluation information, consequently facilitating determine rape suitable planting density, coordinate production with it is anti-fall
Property contradiction, to improve direct-sowing rape productivity effect.
Further,
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, also, the stalk lodging index value of stem middle and upper part is that stem is each
The maximum value of section lodging index value, then yield of rape is high, lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most less than reaching for practical planting density
The requirement of suitable planting density；
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, also, stem middle and lower part stalk lodging index value is each section of stem
Lodging index value maximum value, then the evaluation information of the density be practical planting density be greater than reach yield of rape height,
The requirement for the suitable planting density that lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most；
The stalk lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, then the evaluation information of the density is that practical plantation is close
Degree reaches the requirement for the suitable planting density that yield of rape is high, lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most.
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, and stalk middle and lower part lodging index is the minimum at each position of stalk
Value illustrates that rapeseed cultivation density is insufficient, and the potentiality of yield and lodging resistance do not play completely.
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, and stalk middle and lower part lodging index is the maximum at each position of stalk
Value, illustrating that planting density is excessive leads to the rape underproduction.
The stalk lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, illustrates that the lodging index difference of stalk different parts is unknown
It is aobvious, while also illustrating that rapeseed cultivation density is most appropriate, it not only improves the yield potentiality for playing rape itself and obtains high yield, and
Lodging resistance increases, advantageous mechanical harvest.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, it was found by the inventors of the present invention that on the basis of stalk lodging index extreme value, stalk lodging
The maximum value of index value appears in the different location information of stem, also with the close phase of evaluation information of the practical planting density of rape
It closes.Rape suitable planting density is in the above way determined to further improve, with coordinate production and lodging resistance contradiction, thus
Improve direct-sowing rape productivity effect.
Specifically, in step 1), the stem of the rape of the kind is at least divided into isometric four sections from bottom to top, each section
One maximum value of the lodging index of stem and the difference of a minimum value are the stalk lodging index extreme value.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, it can achieve the purpose for obtaining stalk lodging index extreme value.
Further, in step 1), the stem of the rape of the kind is divided into isometric four sections, each section of master from bottom to top
One maximum value of the lodging index of stem and the difference of a minimum value are the stalk lodging index extreme value.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, very few segmentation will lead to that can not to find out stalk different parts lodging index very poor, excessively
Segmentation it is then cumbersome, fertility of taking a lot of work.
Further, isometric by being divided into from bottom to top after the stem removing necking segment of the rape of the kind in step 1)
Four sections, a maximum value of the lodging index of each section of stem and the difference of a minimum value are stalk lodging index pole
Value.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, the reliability of stalk lodging index extreme value is can be improved in isometric disjunction.
In step 1), stalk lodging index extreme value is obtained when the full field one third silique of the rape of any kind turns yellow.
Based on the above-mentioned technical proposal, it can be ensured that the science that stalk lodging index extreme value obtains.
Generally, the inventors found that passing through the stalk lodging index extreme value of rape, the reality of available rape
The evaluation information of border planting density, consequently facilitating rape suitable planting density, coordinate production and lodging resistance contradiction are determined, to improve
Direct-sowing rape productivity effect.Rapeseed cultivation density is most appropriate, not only contributes to play the yield potentiality of rape itself and obtain
High yield, and lodging resistance increases, and is conducive to rape production mechanization harvest.The contradiction of coordinate production and lodging resistance, decreases simultaneously
The consumption of fertilizer.
Specific embodiment
The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and illustrated embodiment is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to
It limits the scope of the invention.
Case study on implementation
It tests and is carried out in September, 2016 in May, 2017 in Hua Zhong Agriculture University proving ground.It is (common with magnificent oil miscellaneous 62
Type rape plant type), Shanghai oil 19 (loose type rape plant type), 2015-3311 (slightly compact), 2015-1111 (compact rape strain
Type) it is test material, 10,000 plants/acre, 20,000 plants/acre, 30,000 plants/acre, 40,000 plants/acre and 50,000 plants/acre 5 density processing are set respectively,
Carry out field plot trial.Zone leader 8m, width 2m.It repeats three times, random alignment.Each cell is all made of 40 kgs/acre of compound fertilizers
(nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is 15%-15%-15%), 1 kg/acre of borax are base manure, are applied before site preparation；8 leaf phases impose 7.5 kilograms/
Mu urea is the fertilizer application mode of seed manure.(spacing in the rows is respectively for specification program request using line-spacing 25cm on September 27th, 2016
26.7,13.4,8.9,6.7,5.3 centimetres), nest heap seedling is removed between being after emergence, 2~4 leaf phases continued thinning, 5 leaf phase final singlings, it is ensured that
Each cell density.It is harvested after on May 3rd, 2017 maturation, measures each cell production, other field management are the same as conventional.
When about 1/3 silique of full field turns yellow, 10 plants of continuous sampling, species test measure plant height, overground part in each cell
Fresh weight, single plant silique number, Seed number per pod, mass of 1000 kernel and stalk different parts fracture resistence force index.
Different parts lodging index is calculated using fracture resistence force, plant height, fresh weight.Specific method is: by rape stem (
Below primary effectively branch position) remove necking segment after be equally divided into four sections, be respectively labeled as one by base portion to top, two, three,
Four sections, section fracture resistence force is measured with YYD-1 straw stiffness analyzer.Lodging index=(plant height × aerial part fresh weight)/fracture resistence force
Formula calculates each section of lodging index.
Test result
1. yield and yield forming
It can be seen from 1 data of table under this experimental condition, for examination 4 different plant types rape variety with kind
The variation of ridge curves is presented in the increase of density in planting, cell actual production.Test result shows for any kind, fits
Suitable planting density is the premise for obtaining higher cell production.Density is too low, then fertilizer exorbitant expenditure or variety yield are latent
Power plays insufficient；Density is excessively high, then yield and lodging resistance decline, are unfavorable for mechanical harvest；Suitable planting density can be coordinated
The contradiction of yield and lodging resistance, and the consumption of fertilizer can be reduced, improve Rape-seed production benefit.
Yield and its components under the conditions of each kind difference planting density of table 1
Note: different letters indicate difference up to 0.05 level of signifiance after numerical value in table.
2. under the conditions of different planting densities, the variation of rape stem different parts lodging index
It is close under this experimental condition it can be seen from table 2,3 data of table for each position lodging index of rape stem
Degree increases, and reduces for the plant height of the rape variety of 4 different plant types of examination, overground part fresh weight, while each section of fracture resistence force of stem
Reduce, but due to the amplitude of variation of plant height, overground part fresh weight and fracture resistence force difference, therefore leads to the lodging index of stem different parts
Situation of change is different.
2 different cultivars of table stalk different parts lodging parametric measurement value under different densities
Note: different letters indicate difference up to 0.05 level of signifiance after numerical value in table.
It also can be shown that according to table 3, when low-density, the lodging index on rape top is greater than the lodging index of base portion, and rape is planted
Strain top easily lodges；With the increase of density, the corresponding stem section of lodging index maximum value is gradually moved down, and the position that easily lodges is by top
It shifts to the lower part.
4 sections of stalk lodging index values are different, and such as each position lodging index value is close, then illustrate each position lodging resistance of stalk compared with
For uniformity；If each section of lodging index value differs greatly, then illustrates that lodging resistance of the culm is unevenly distributed unanimously, be easy to happen down
Volt.
The very poor value (table 3) of lodging index is indicated with the maxima and minima in 4 sections of lodging index of stalk.It is each for trying
The lodging index extreme value that kind carries out after different densities test again shows each kind in certain density, and rape stem is different
The very poor value of the lodging index at position is minimum, illustrates under this density conditions, rape stem lodging resistance stalk different parts compared with
Uniformity.
3 different cultivars of table stalk different parts lodging index value and its very poor value under different densities
Note: 1) different letters indicate difference up to 0.05 level of signifiance after numerical value in table；
2) very poor value indicates in 4 sections of stalk, the difference of lodging index maxima and minima.
3. under the conditions of different densities, the inner link of yield of rape and stalk different parts lodging index is analyzed
Table 1, table 2, table 3 statistics indicate that, under the conditions of different planting densities, the yield and yield structure of different plant type rape variety
At rape stem different parts lodging index and lodging index composition are closely related with practical planting density.And above-mentioned each finger
The variation with density of mapping definite value is in the rule of ridge curves variation.
Crop yield and lodging resistance are conflicts.Using 3 stalk different parts lodging index value of table, stalk difference is found out
The extreme value (difference of stalk different parts lodging index maxima and minima) of position lodging index, extreme value is bigger, indicates stalk
Different parts lodging resistance differs greatly, conversely, the anti-fall sex differernce of stalk different parts is smaller.
Yield of different cultivars under the conditions of equal densities has differences with lodging resistance.It is pair with 10,000 plants/acre of density
According to being compared analysis with the yield of each processing and lodging index amplitude of variation, then can eliminate each kind itself affect (table
4)。
Table 4 is each processing yield of control and the very poor amplitude of variation (%) of lodging index with 10,000 plants/acre of density
By different cultivars, stalk lodging index difference amplitude of variation and rape cell theory under different densities and practical produce
The amplitude of variation of amount carries out correlation analysis (being shown in Table 5).The result shows that being control with 10,000 plants/acre, for 4 different plant types of examination
The amplitude of variation of actual production and theoretical yield and lodging resistance of the rape variety under the conditions of different densities with four sections of stalk fall
Lying prostrate the very poor amplitude of variation of index is in extremely significant negative correlation, shows that four sections of lodging index of rape stem are very poor smaller, small
Domain tyeory and actual production are then higher.Therefore, judge whether its planting density is suitably feasible with stalk lodging index extreme value.
5 different cultivars of table yield correlation very poor with four sections of lodging index under different densities
Note: correlation reaches extremely significant horizontal (P is less than 0.05) between * * indicates each index.
4. judging the method whether rapeseed cultivation density is suitable for using stem lodging index extreme value
From the point of view of this test result, if rapeseed cultivation appropriate density, it can be reduced while improving yield of rape completely
The generation of rape lodging, and it is conducive to mechanized harvest.
Through counting, if rape stem lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, and stalk middle and lower part lodging index is each portion of stalk
The minimum value of position illustrates that rapeseed cultivation density is insufficient, and yield potentiality does not play completely；If rape stem lodging index extreme value is greater than
0.25, and stalk middle and lower part lodging index is the maximum value at each position of stalk, illustrates that planting density is excessive, is unfavorable for rape increasing
It produces；If rape stem lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, the lodging index difference of stalk different parts is little, then illustrates oil
Colza density in planting is most appropriate, not only contributes to play the yield potentiality of rape itself and obtain high yield, and lodging resistance increases,
Be conducive to rape production mechanization harvest.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for being judged the whether suitable dense planting of rape using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk, feature are existed
In, comprising the following steps:
1) any rape variety stalk lodging index extreme value is obtained, wherein at least draw the rape stem of the kind from bottom to top
It is divided into four sections, the difference of a maximum value in each section of lodging index of stem and a minimum value is stalk lodging index pole
Value；
2) commenting for the practical planting density of the rape of the kind is obtained according to the stalk lodging index extreme value that step 1) obtains
Valence information, wherein the evaluation information of the density are as follows: practical planting density is high, anti-fall less than or greater than yield of rape is reached
Property the requirement of suitable planting density coordinated the most of strong and the two, alternatively, practical planting density be equal to reach yield of rape height,
The requirement for the suitable planting density that lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most；
Wherein:
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, and practical planting density, which is less than or greater than, reaches yield of rape height, lodging resistance
By force and the requirement of suitable planting density coordinated the most of the two；
The stalk lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, and the evaluation information of the density is that practical planting density reaches
The requirement for the suitable planting density that yield of rape is high, lodging resistance is strong and the two is coordinated the most.
2. according to claim 1 judge whether rape is suitable for dense planting using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
Method, it is characterised in that:
The stalk lodging index extreme value is greater than 0.25, also, the stalk lodging index value of stem middle and upper part is each section of stem and falls
Lie prostrate the maximum value of index value, then practical planting density be less than reach that yield of rape is high, lodging resistance is strong and the two coordinate the most it is suitable
The requirement of planting density；
The stalk lodging index extreme value be greater than 0.25, also, stem middle and lower part stalk lodging index value be each section of stem fall
The maximum value of index value is lied prostrate, then the evaluation information of the density is that practical planting density is high, anti-fall greater than yield of rape is reached
Property the requirement of suitable planting density coordinated the most of strong and the two；
The stalk lodging index extreme value is less than or equal to 0.25, then the evaluation information of the density is that practical planting density reaches
The requirement for the suitable planting density that, lodging resistance high to yield of rape be strong and the two is coordinated the most.
3. according to claim 2 judge whether rape is suitable for dense planting using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
Method, it is characterised in that: the kind of rape is plain edition rape plant type, loose type rape plant type, slightly compact or compact oil
Dish plant type.
4. according to claim 2 judge whether rape is suitable for dense planting using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
Method, it is characterised in that: in step 1), the stem of the rape of the kind is at least divided into isometric four sections from bottom to top, respectively
A maximum value of lodging index and the difference of a minimum value for section stem is the stalk lodging index extreme value.
5. according to claim 4 judge whether rape is suitable for dense planting using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
Method, it is characterised in that: in step 1), the stem of the rape of the kind is divided into isometric four sections, each section of master from bottom to top
One maximum value of the lodging index of stem and the difference of a minimum value are the stalk lodging index extreme value.
6. according to claim 5 judge whether rape is suitable for dense planting using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
Method, it is characterised in that: isometric by being divided into from bottom to top after the stem removing necking segment of the rape of the kind in step 1)
Four sections, a maximum value of the lodging index of each section of stem and the difference of a minimum value are stalk lodging index pole
Value.
7. according to any one of claims 1 to 6 judge whether rape fits using each position lodging index extreme value size of stalk
The method of suitable dense planting, it is characterised in that: in step 1), obtained when rape Quan Tiansan/bis- of any kind or more silique turns yellow
Take stalk lodging index extreme value.
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