CN109543954B - Method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting or not by using extreme values of lodging indexes of various parts of stems - Google Patents
Method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting or not by using extreme values of lodging indexes of various parts of stems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rape planting, and particularly relates to a method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting by using the extreme value of lodging index of each part of a stem, which comprises the following steps: 1) acquiring a stalk lodging index extreme value of any rape variety, dividing a main stalk of the rape of the variety into at least four sections from bottom to top, wherein a difference value between a maximum value and a minimum value in lodging indexes of all sections of the main stalk is the stalk lodging index extreme value; 2) obtaining evaluation information whether the actual planting density of the rape of the variety is proper or not according to the extreme value of the stalk lodging index, wherein the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is more than 0.25, and the actual planting density is too large or too small and is not proper; the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is less than or equal to 0.25, the evaluation information of the density indicates that the actual planting density meets the requirement of the proper planting density, and under the density, the rape yield is high, the lodging resistance is strong, and the stalk lodging index and the rape yield are most coordinated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rape planting, and particularly relates to a method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting by using the size of an extreme lodging index of each part of a stalk.
Background
Rape is the most important winter oil crop in China. Obtaining higher grain yield is a precondition for ensuring rape production benefit, improving farmer enthusiasm, stabilizing planting area and relieving the contradiction of edible vegetable oil supply in China. The mechanized harvest in the mature period is another precondition for reducing the labor investment of rape production and further improving the rape planting benefit. After the rapeseeds are lodged, the loss rate of mechanical harvest of the rapeseeds is greatly increased, the operation efficiency is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the rapeseeds are adversely affected. Therefore, in the mechanized production mode, the yield index of rapeseed is as important as lodging resistance.
Generally, higher crop yields contradict stronger lodging resistance. To obtain higher production yields, this often results in a decrease in the fall resistance and thus in a deterioration of the mechanical working performance. Therefore, in the direct seeding rape production, appropriate cultivation measures are adopted to coordinate the contradiction between the high yield and stalk lodging resistance, so that the high grain yield can be obtained, the lodging resistance is strong, the mechanical harvest is suitable, and the rape production benefit can be improved.
Particularly, the method is suitable for planting density, is the most effective way for constructing the optimal colony structure and coordinating the contradiction between high yield and lodging resistance by utilizing the colony advantages. The yield potential is not sufficiently developed and the benefit is low when the planting density is low; if the planting density is too high, the lodging resistance is sharply reduced, which is not beneficial to mechanical harvesting. However, the suitable planting density of the rapes is comprehensively influenced by factors such as variety characteristics of the rapes, planting habits of farmers, fertilization level, soil fertility level and climate conditions of various regions, and the mechanism is complex, so that the suitable planting density of the rapes under specific conditions is very difficult to determine.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting by using the size of the extreme value of the lodging index of each part of the stalk. The method can simply and easily determine the suitable planting density of the rape, and can well coordinate the contradiction between the yield and the lodging resistance when being used for production so as to improve the production benefit of the direct-seeding rape.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting by utilizing the size of the extreme value of lodging index of each part of a stem comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring a stalk lodging index extreme value of any rape variety, wherein a main stalk of the rape variety is divided into at least four sections from bottom to top, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value in lodging indexes of all sections of the main stalk is the stalk lodging index extreme value;
2) obtaining the evaluation information of the actual planting density of the rape of the variety according to the extreme value of the stalk lodging index obtained in the step 1), wherein the evaluation information of the density is as follows: the actual planting density is less than or greater than the requirement of reaching the proper planting density with the rape yield and strong lodging resistance which are most coordinated, or the actual planting density is equal to the requirement of reaching the proper planting density with the rape yield and strong lodging resistance which are most coordinated;
wherein:
the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is more than 0.25, and the actual planting density is less than or more than the requirement of the rape yield, strong lodging resistance and the most harmonious proper planting density;
the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is less than or equal to 0.25, and the evaluation information of the density is that the actual planting density meets the requirement of the rape high yield, strong lodging resistance and the most harmonious suitable planting density of the rape high yield and the lodging resistance.
Based on the technical scheme, the inventor of the invention finds that the evaluation information of the actual planting density of the rape can be obtained through the extreme value of the stalk lodging index of the rape, so that the contradiction between the proper planting density, the coordinated yield and the lodging resistance of the rape can be conveniently determined, and the production benefit of the direct-seeding rape is improved. .
Further:
the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is more than 0.25, and the stalk lodging index value of the middle upper part of the main stalk is the maximum value of the lodging index value of each section of the main stalk, so that the actual planting density is less than the requirement of reaching the rape yield, strong lodging resistance and the most harmonious and suitable planting density of the rape yield and the lodging resistance;
the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is more than 0.25, and the stalk lodging index value of the middle lower part of the main stalk is the maximum value of the lodging index value of each section of the main stalk, so that the density evaluation information indicates that the actual planting density is more than the requirement of reaching the proper planting density with the rape yield, strong lodging resistance and the most harmonious two values;
and if the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is less than or equal to 0.25, the density evaluation information indicates that the actual planting density meets the requirements of high rape yield, strong lodging resistance and most harmonious suitable planting density.
The extreme value of the stalk lodging index is greater than 0.25, and the stalk lodging index of the middle lower part of the stalk is the minimum value of each part of the stalk, which indicates that the rape planting density is insufficient, and the yield and the lodging resistance potential are not fully exerted.
The extreme value of the stalk lodging index is greater than 0.25, and the stalk lodging index of the middle lower part of the stalk is the maximum value of each part of the stalk, which indicates that the rape yield is reduced due to overlarge planting density.
The extreme value of the stalk lodging index is less than or equal to 0.25, which shows that the lodging index difference of different parts of the stalks is not obvious, and simultaneously shows that the rape planting density is most suitable, thereby being beneficial to exerting the yield potential of the rape to obtain high yield, increasing the lodging resistance and being beneficial to mechanical harvest.
Based on the technical scheme, the inventor finds that on the basis of the extreme value of the stalk lodging index, the maximum value of the stalk lodging index appears in different position information of the main stalk, and is closely related to the evaluation information of the actual planting density of the rape. Therefore, the method further improves the method for determining the proper planting density of the rape so as to coordinate the contradiction between yield and lodging resistance, thereby improving the production benefit of the direct-seeding rape.
Specifically, in the step 1), the main stem of the rape of the variety is divided into at least four equal-length segments from bottom to top, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value of the lodging index of each segment of the main stem is the extreme value of the stalk lodging index.
Based on the technical scheme, the purpose of obtaining the extreme value of the stalk lodging index can be achieved.
Further, in the step 1), the main stem of the rape of the variety is divided into four equal-length segments from bottom to top, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value of the lodging index of each segment of the main stem is the extreme value of the stalk lodging index.
In the technical scheme, too few segments can cause that the lodging indexes of different parts of the stem are extremely poor, and too many segments are complex to operate and take labor and fertility.
Further, in the step 1), the main stem of the rape of the variety is divided into four equal-length segments from bottom to top after the neck-reducing segment is removed, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value of the lodging index of each main stem segment is the extreme value of the stalk lodging index.
In the technical scheme, the equal-length breaking can improve the reliability of the extreme value of the stalk lodging index.
In the step 1), a stalk lodging index extreme value is obtained when one third of pod turns yellow in the whole field of the rape of any variety.
Based on the technical scheme, the scientificity of obtaining the extreme value of the stalk lodging index can be ensured.
In general, the inventor of the invention finds that the evaluation information of the actual planting density of the rape can be obtained through the extreme value of the stalk lodging index of the rape, so that the contradiction between the proper planting density, the coordinated yield and the lodging resistance of the rape can be conveniently determined, and the production benefit of the direct-seeding rape can be improved. The rape planting density is most suitable, thereby being beneficial to exerting the yield potential of the rape to obtain high yield, increasing the lodging resistance and being beneficial to the mechanized harvest of the rape. The contradiction between yield and lodging resistance is coordinated, and meanwhile, the consumption of the fertilizer is reduced.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example of the implementation
The tests were conducted at the university of agriculture test base in china from 2016, 9 months to 2017, 5 months. The test materials are respectively treated by the densities of 1 ten thousand plants/mu, 2 ten thousand plants/mu, 3 ten thousand plants/mu, 4 ten thousand plants/mu and 5 ten thousand plants/mu 5 by using Hua you za 62 (common type rape plant type), Hu you 19 (loose type rape plant type), 2015-. The cell length is 8m and the width is 2 m. Three replicates were randomly arranged. Each district adopts 40 kg/mu compound fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium is 15% -15%) and 1 kg/mu borax as base fertilizer, and is applied before soil preparation; and (3) applying 7.5 kilograms of urea per mu in the 8-leaf stage to serve as a fertilizer application mode of the seedling fertilizer. And carrying out dibbling on the seedlings with the row spacing of 25cm (the plant spacing is respectively 26.7, 13.4, 8.9, 6.7 and 5.3 cm) in 2016, 9 and 27 days, removing nests and stacking the seedlings after emergence, continuously thinning the seedlings in the 2-4 leaf period, and fixing the seedlings in the 5 leaf period to ensure the density of each cell. Harvesting after 5 months and 3 days of maturity in 2017, measuring the yield of each cell, and performing other field management in the same way as the conventional way.
When the pod turns yellow about 1/3 in the whole field, 10 plants are continuously sampled in each plot, and the plant height, the fresh weight of the overground part, the pod number of each plant, the kernel number of each pod, the thousand kernel weight and the anti-bending index of different parts of the stem are determined by testing the seeds.
The lodging indexes of different parts are calculated by using the breaking resistance, the plant height and the fresh weight. The specific method comprises the following steps: the main stem of rape (below the first effective branch part) is divided into four segments averagely after the neck segment is removed, the segments are respectively marked as a first segment, a second segment, a third segment and a fourth segment from the base part to the upper part, and the bending resistance of the segments is measured by a YYD-1 stalk strength tester. And (4) calculating the lodging index of each section according to a formula of (plant height multiplied by fresh weight of the overground part)/breaking resistance.
Test results
1. Yield and yield composition
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, under the test conditions, the actual yield of the cell shows the change of the peak curve with the increase of the planting density of the tested 4 rape varieties with different plant types. Test results show that for any variety, a suitable planting density is a prerequisite for obtaining a higher yield in a cell. If the density is too low, the fertilizer consumption is too high, or the yield potential of the variety is not sufficiently exerted; if the density is too high, the yield and the lodging resistance are reduced, which is not beneficial to mechanical harvest; the proper planting density can coordinate the contradiction between yield and lodging resistance, reduce the consumption of fertilizer and improve the rape production benefit.
TABLE 1 yield and constitution of different species under different planting Density conditions
Note: different letters after the numerical values in the table indicate differences of up to a 0.05 significance level.
2. The change of lodging index of different parts of rape stalks under the condition of different planting densities
As can be seen from the data in tables 2 and 3, in terms of the lodging index of each part of the rape stem, under the test condition, the density is increased, the plant height and the fresh weight of the overground part of the 4 rape varieties with different plant types to be tested are reduced, meanwhile, the bending resistance of each section of the main stem is reduced, but the lodging index change conditions of different parts of the main stem are different due to different change ranges of the plant height, the fresh weight of the overground part and the bending resistance.
TABLE 2 lodging parameter measurements of different parts of stalks of different varieties at different densities
Note: different letters after the numerical values in the table indicate differences of up to a 0.05 significance level.
According to the table 3, it can also be shown that at low density, the lodging index of the upper part of the rape is larger than that of the basal part, and the upper part of the rape plant is easy to lodging; with the increase of the density, the stem section corresponding to the maximum value of the lodging index gradually moves downwards, and the part easy to lodging is transferred from the upper part to the lower part.
The lodging index values of 4 sections of the stems are different, if the lodging index values of all parts are similar, the lodging resistance of all parts of the stems is uniform; if the difference of the lodging index values of all the sections is large, the stalk lodging resistance is not uniformly distributed, and the stalks are easy to fall.
The maximum value and the minimum value of the lodging indexes of 4 segments of the stalks are used for representing the range value of the lodging indexes (table 3). The extreme value of the lodging index after each variety is tested and subjected to different density tests shows that the extreme difference value of the lodging index of different parts of the rape stalks is minimum when each variety is at a certain density, which indicates that the lodging resistance of the rape stalks is more uniform and consistent at different parts of the stalks under the condition of the density.
TABLE 3 lodging index values and their difference values of different parts of stalks of different varieties under different densities
Note: 1) the difference in the different letters after the numerical value in the table is up to a 0.05 significance level;
2) the range value represents the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the lodging index in 4 segments of the stem.
3. Internal relation analysis of rape yield and lodging index of different parts of stalks under different density conditions
The data in tables 1, 2 and 3 show that under the condition of different planting densities, the yield and the yield composition of different plant types of rape varieties are closely related to the actual planting densities, and the lodging indexes and the lodging index compositions of different parts of rape stalks are closely related to the actual planting densities. And the measured values of the indexes are changed along with the density according to the rule of changing a crest curve.
Crop yield and lodging resistance are a pair of contradictions. The lodging index values of different parts of the stalks in Table 3 are utilized to calculate extreme values (the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the lodging index values of different parts of the stalks) of the lodging indexes of different parts of the stalks, the larger the extreme value is, the larger the difference of the lodging resistance of different parts of the stalks is, and otherwise, the smaller the difference of the lodging resistance of different parts of the stalks is.
The yield and lodging resistance of different varieties under the same density condition are different. The density of 1 ten thousand plants/mu is used as a reference, and the yield and the lodging index change amplitude of each treatment are compared and analyzed, so that the influence of each variety can be eliminated (Table 4).
Table 4 shows the variation range of yield and lodging index range (%) (for each treatment) in comparison with the density of 1 ten thousand plants/mu
The variation range of the stalk lodging index difference value under different varieties and different densities and the variation range of the theory and the actual yield of the rape cell are analyzed in a correlation way (see table 5). The results show that the actual yield and the theoretical yield of 4 rape varieties with different plant types under different density conditions and the change range of lodging resistance are in extremely obvious negative correlation with the change range of the extreme difference of the lodging index of four segments of the stalk by taking 1 ten thousand plants/mu as a contrast, and the smaller the extreme difference of the lodging index of the four segments of the rape stalk is, the higher the theoretical yield and the actual yield of the cell are. Therefore, the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is feasible to judge whether the planting density is proper or not.
TABLE 5 correlation of yield and four-stage lodging index range for different varieties at different densities
Note: indicates that the correlation between the indexes reaches a very significant level (P is less than 0.05).
4. Method for judging whether rape planting density is appropriate or not by using extreme main stem lodging index value
From the test result, if the rape planting density is proper, the yield of the rape can be completely improved, meanwhile, the lodging of the rape can be reduced, and the mechanical harvest is facilitated.
Through statistics, if the extreme value of the lodging index of the rape stalks is greater than 0.25 and the lodging index of the middle lower parts of the stalks is the minimum value of each part of the stalks, the rape planting density is insufficient and the yield potential is not fully exerted; if the extreme value of the lodging index of the rape stalks is more than 0.25 and the lodging index of the middle lower parts of the stalks is the maximum value of each part of the stalks, the planting density is too high, and the yield of the rapes is not increased favorably; if the extreme value of the lodging index of the rape stalks is less than or equal to 0.25 and the difference of the lodging indexes of different parts of the stalks is small, the rape planting density is most suitable, the yield potential of the rape is favorably exerted to obtain high yield, the lodging resistance is increased, and the mechanized harvest of the rape is favorably realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for judging whether rape is suitable for close planting by utilizing the size of the extreme value of lodging index of each part of a stem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring a stalk lodging index extreme value of any rape variety, wherein a main stalk of the rape variety is divided into at least four sections from bottom to top, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value in lodging indexes of all sections of the main stalk is the stalk lodging index extreme value;
2) obtaining the evaluation information of the actual planting density of the rape of the variety according to the extreme value of the stalk lodging index obtained in the step 1), wherein the evaluation information of the density is as follows: the actual planting density is less than or greater than the optimum planting density with the highest rape yield and strong lodging resistance which are most coordinated, or the actual planting density is equal to the optimum planting density with the highest rape yield and strong lodging resistance which are most coordinated;
wherein:
the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is more than 0.25, and the stalk lodging index value of the middle upper part of the main stalk is the maximum value of the lodging index value of each section of the main stalk, so that the actual planting density is less than the rape yield, the lodging resistance is strong, and the rape yield and the lodging resistance are most coordinated and suitable for planting density;
the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is more than 0.25, and the stalk lodging index value of the middle lower part of the main stalk is the maximum value of the lodging index value of each section of the main stalk, so that the density evaluation information is that the actual planting density is more than the proper planting density with high rape yield, strong lodging resistance and the most coordinated rape yield and lodging resistance;
and the extreme value of the stalk lodging index is less than or equal to 0.25, and the evaluation information of the density is the proper planting density with the actual planting density, high rape yield, strong lodging resistance and the most coordinated rape yield and lodging resistance.
2. The method for judging whether the rape is suitable for close planting according to the extreme value of the lodging index of each part of the stalk as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rape variety is common rape plant type, loose rape plant type, slightly compact type or compact type rape plant type.
3. The method for judging whether the rape is suitable for close planting according to the extreme value of the lodging index of each part of the stalk as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the main stem of the rape of the variety is divided into at least four equal-length segments from bottom to top, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value of the lodging index of each segment of the main stem is the extreme value of the stalk lodging index.
4. The method for judging whether the rape is suitable for close planting according to the extreme value of the lodging index of each part of the stalk as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 1), the main stem of the rape of the variety is divided into four equal-length segments from bottom to top after the neck segment is removed, and the difference value between one maximum value and one minimum value of the lodging index of each segment of the main stem is the extreme value of the stalk lodging index.
5. The method for judging whether the rape is suitable for close planting according to the extreme value of the lodging index of each part of the stalk as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step 1), a stalk lodging index extreme value is obtained when more than two thirds of pods of the whole field of rape of any variety turn yellow.
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