CN109540938A - A kind of device and method for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540938A CN109540938A CN201910034334.3A CN201910034334A CN109540938A CN 109540938 A CN109540938 A CN 109540938A CN 201910034334 A CN201910034334 A CN 201910034334A CN 109540938 A CN109540938 A CN 109540938A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the material being a flowing fluid or a flowing granular solid
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Abstract
A kind of device and method for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality, including gamma ray emission and reception device, gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform, stepper motor driving and control system, ray counting rate acquisition system.Pass through gamma ray scanning method, the cross section quality in the interbank any chord length of steam generator secondary side can continuously be obtained, consider steam generator structural parameters and flow parameter, calculation formula is modified, to accurately distinguish the complicated geometry of the tube bank fluid different from a secondary side, solves the measurement problem of the interbank cross section quality of steam generator secondary side.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to two-phase flow measurements and reactor thermo-hydraulics technical field, in particular to a kind of to be used for steam generator
The device and method of beam area cross section quality measurement.
Background technique
The device that steam generator is exchanged as first and second side heat of nuclear power station, has most important in entire nuclear power system
Status, working performance and reliability are directly related to the stable operation of entire nuclear power unit.Due to vibration, burn into heat
Steam generator tube ruptures caused by the factors such as fatigue have an important influence on the safety and reliability of nuclear power station.
Therefore, the two phase flow boiling heat transfer between steam generator secondary side heating surface bank and Study of Flow Characteristics are of great significance.
The cross section quality (also known as void fraction) of two phase flow is an extremely important parameter in two phase flow research, and can not be led to
It crosses theoretical calculation and obtains accurate data, experiment measurement is to obtain unique reliable approach of cross section quality.Due to stream-liquid two-phase flow
The diversity of flow pattern and the complexity of flowing, the measurement of cross section quality are always the difficult point of two-phase flow measurement technology.In steam
Generator secondary side is restrained in narrow channel, and along with the boiling heat transfer under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, the measurement of cross section quality is more
It is extremely difficult.
For a long time, scholars both domestic and external have done a large amount of research work for the measuring technique of two phase flow cross section quality,
Main measurement method includes quick closing valve valve method, high speed video process, pressure differential method, capacitance method, light guide/conducting probe method, ray method etc..
The measurement method of these cross section qualities all achieves a degree of success, but is also inevitably present respective limitation
Property.
Quick closing valve valve method and high speed video process suffer from very high measurement accuracy, but quick closing valve valve method needs that fluid is truncated, it is difficult to
Real-time measurement；High speed video process needs test section for visualization, and the image processing work amount in later period is very big.Both methods one
As be applied to experimental study, working medium is mostly the Air-C_2H_2 Flame under normal pressure, on engineer application, especially steam generator
This high temperature and pressure restrains narrow channel, and measurement also cannot achieve in real time.
Pressure differential method is a kind of simple cross section quality measurement method, and in vertical ascent biphase gas and liquid flow, overall presure drop is by rubbing
Pressure drop, weight position pressure drop and accelerate pressure drop three parts composition, under homogeneous model, cross section quality can by weight position pressure drop derive and
, it is therefore desirable to obtain accurate two phase flow weight position pressure drop.But under conditions of interbank secondary side saturation boiling, it is difficult to comment
Estimate friction pressure drop and accelerate the accounting of pressure drop, therefore obtained cross section quality just has very big uncertainty.
The electrode being arranged on two-phase flow pipeline is considered as a capacitor, the size and two-phase mixtures of capacitance by capacitance method
The dielectric constant of object is related, and two-phase mixtures dielectric constant is related to each split-phase dielectric constant and cross section quality, so as to
To obtain cross section quality by two interelectrode capacitances of measurement.Capacitance method is influenced by two phase flow pattern, different surveys
Strip part wants targeted sensor structure；The capacitance method also influence vulnerable to parameters such as water quality, temperature, thus this measurement side
Method measures the cross section quality between tube bank narrow slit in steam generator, and there are also many difficult.
Light guide/conducting probe method is to measure a kind of method of two phase flow local parameter, can obtain accurately local steam quality, gas
The important diphasic stream parameters such as speed, Air Bubble Size, interfacial area concentration are steeped, signaling rate is fast, sample frequency is high, tool
Have wide practical use.But sonde method is a kind of measurement method of insertion type, and inevitably stream field generates interference；It visits
The obtained local steam quality of the skill of handling needles is also difficult to associate with cross section quality, especially for complicated streams such as tube bank channels
Logical section.
Ray method is one of measurement common method of cross section quality, mainly includes gamma ray, X-ray, neutron ray etc..It penetrates
Collimation method is a kind of contactless measurement method, and since ray attenuation is not interfered by external condition, stability with higher is fitted
Close the measurement of stream-liquid two-phase flow cross section quality under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.Radiographic source does not connect directly with tube wall even with fluid
Touching can be convenient the measurement that mobile radiographic source realizes different location.Traditional radionetric survey method is confined to round tube, does not consider to manage
The influence of interior labyrinth.In addition, the operation of ray has certain risk, need to carry out ray radiation certain anti-
Shield, with support personnel's safety.
Based on the review above to conventional cross-section steam quality measurement method, each method has its advantage, but also unavoidably exists
Limitation.In steam generator, primary side is high pressure subcooled water, and secondary side is that high pressure is saturated steam water two phase flow, a secondary side
Between there are vigorous heat transfers.Want the cross section quality in measurement secondary side tube bank narrow channel, needs to overcome following
It is difficult:
(1) extreme environment of high temperature and pressure boiling heat transfer；
(2) narrow channel is narrow, avoids the interference of stream field as far as possible；
(3) geometry of tube bundle region complexity can be identified；
(4) it can distinguish and treat the different fluid of a secondary side.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind cuts for bundle of steam generator area
The device and method of face steam quality measurement, overcomes the deficiency of conventional cross-section steam quality measurement method, can accurately obtain two
Cross section quality in secondary side pipe beam narrow channel has emphatically the flowing and heat transfer of research steam generator secondary side two phase flow
The meaning wanted.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of device for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality, comprising: gamma ray emission and reception device,
Gamma ray scans traverse measurement platform, stepper motor driving and control system and ray counting rate acquisition system, stepper motor
It is connect with traverse measurement platform, drives traverse measurement platform, drive the gamma ray emission being placed on traverse measurement platform and connect
Receiving apparatus completes the measurement of gamma ray scanning method void fraction, ray counting rate acquisition system data acquisition；
The gamma ray emission includes with reception device137Cs radioactive source 1,137Cs radioactive source 1 is located inside shielding lead can 2,
With137Cs radioactive source 1 is correspondingly arranged on collimator 13 and scintillation crystal detectors 14；
The gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform includes driving device for step-by-step and mobile bracket, stepper motor driving dress
It sets including stepper motor mobile platform 4 and Mobile Slide 6, is provided with guide rail 5 on stepper motor mobile platform 4, stepper motor 3 is
Stepper motor mobile platform 4 provides power；
The mobile bracket includes the mobile bracket 10 in radioactive source side and the mobile bracket 12 of receiver-side, and described penetrates source movement
It is connected between bracket 10 and the mobile bracket 12 of receiver-side by linkage 11；
It penetrates between the mobile bracket 10 of source and the mobile bracket 12 of receiver-side and is provided with steam generator cylinder 17；
The described stepper motor driving and control system, including driver 8, driver 8 are connected with stepper motor 3, controller 7 and
Driver 8 is connected, and controller 7 is connected with 24V DC power supply 9 respectively with driver 8；
The ray counting rate acquisition system, including between radiography acquisition device 15, industrial personal computer 16, capture program and each device
Connecting line；The radiography acquisition device 15 is connected with scintillation crystal detectors 14, and radiography acquisition device 15 is connected with industrial personal computer 16；
The mobile bracket 10 in the radioactive source side is fixedly connected with Mobile Slide 6, realizes that driving device for step-by-step drives movement
The scanning function of bracket；137Cs radioactive source 1 and shielding lead can 2 are fixed on the mobile bracket 10 in radioactive source side, collimator 13, flashing
Crystal counter 14 is fixed on the mobile bracket 12 of receiver-side.
The steam generator cylinder 17 is internally provided with steam generator heat-transfer pipe beam 18.
Described137Cs radioactive source 1,13 central porisity of collimator, 14 receiving plane center three of scintillation crystal detectors are same
On straight line
A method of it measures, includes the following steps for bundle of steam generator area cross section quality；
(1) the suitable measurement section of selection arranges that gamma ray emission is swept with reception device, gamma ray according to the above technical scheme
Retouch traverse measurement platform, stepper motor driving and control system, ray counting rate acquisition system；
(2) setting of the calibration of gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform and sweep parameter；
(3) calibration of gas phase background and liquid phase background；
(4) scanning survey of the biphase gas and liquid flow cross section quality on a cross section；
(5) according to the ray counting rate and steam generator for measuring obtained gas phase background, liquid phase background, biphase gas and liquid flow
Flow parameter and structural parameters calculate steam generator secondary side tube bundle region cross section quality.
It is described the specific steps are；
It is the calibration of gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform and the setting of sweep parameter first:
(1) suitable measurement section is chosen, arranges that gamma ray scans traverse measurement platform, stepper motor according to the above technical scheme
Driving and control system, ray counting rate acquisition system；
(2) adjust test platform, it is vertical with tube bank narrow slit direction to be measured to make ray moving direction, and guarantee traverse measurement plane and
It is vertical to restrain axial direction；
(3) it arranges137Cs radioactive source 1 and scintillation crystal detectors 14 select suitable collimation according to interbank interval of slit size
Device 13, before being arranged in scintillation crystal detectors 14, it is ensured that the radiation source center direction of the launch, 13 central porisity of collimator, flashing
14 receiving plane center three of crystal counter is on same straight line；
(4) 3 program of stepper motor is set on stepper motor driver, determines sweep length and travel speed；
The followed by calibration process of gas phase background and liquid phase background:
(5) keep primary side of steam generator hydraulically full, secondary side is full of air, measures the temperature and pressure of first and second side at this time
Power (to determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor 3 being previously set,
Measurement is scanned to steam generator, records gas phase background counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep is carried out altogether
Measurement, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
(6) keep primary side of steam generator hydraulically full, secondary side is hydraulically full, measures the temperature and pressure of first and second side at this time
Power (to determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor 3 being previously set,
Measurement is scanned to steam generator, records liquid phase background counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep is carried out altogether
Measurement, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
It is finally the acquisition of steam generator secondary side biphase gas and liquid flow counting rate:
(7) to reach stable diabatic process between bundle of steam generator, the temperature and pressure for measuring first and second side at this time (is used
To determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set, to steam
Generator is scanned measurement, records biphase gas and liquid flow counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep survey is carried out altogether
Amount, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
(8) it repeats the above steps, carries out the measurement of next operating point, until completing the two-phase counting rate acquisition of all operating conditions.
The cross section quality calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein CiFor correction factor, the case where for ray just through steam generator secondary side, correction factor 0；For penetrating
Line both passed through secondary side, again through primary side the case where, correction factor are as follows:
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention measures steam generator secondary side tube bundle region cross section quality using gamma ray scanning method, and the present invention has such as
Lower novelty:
(1) advantage of gamma ray is made full use of, can be avoided in steady operation under high temperature and high pressure environment to two-phase fluid
Interference；
(2) stepper motor driving platform has been built, the movement of radioactive source and receiver has been precisely controlled, improves measurement accuracy；
(3) steam generator structural parameters and flow parameter are considered, the modifying factor for calculating cross section quality is proposed, thus
The complicated geometry of the tube bank fluid different from a secondary side is accurately distinguished.
The method that the embodiment of the present invention optimizes conventional gamma radionetric survey cross section quality solves such as steam generator two
The measurement problem of secondary side pipe interfascicular cross section quality.Using this method, available steam generator secondary side is interbank any
Cross section quality in chord length can also be calculated whole cross section by Area-weighted and is averaged steam quality.To research steam generation
The flowing of device secondary side two phase flow has great significance with heat transfer.
According to the technical solution of above-mentioned measurement bundle of steam generator area cross section quality, can be obtained by ray scanning specific
The two-phase counting rate in section, since the decaying of ray is not interfered by outside, can in stable operation under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and
Fluid is not contacted, the influence to Two-Phase Flow Field is avoided.
When calculating cross section quality, the structural parameters arranged in steam generator are considered, can distinguish that treat tube bundle region multiple
Miscellaneous geometry；The thermal-hydraulic parameter for considering a secondary side in steam generator can be distinguished and treat secondary side difference
Fluid.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the gamma ray that present example provides scans traverse measurement structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the gamma ray that present example provides scans bundle of steam generator area secondary side cross section；
Fig. 3 is two kinds of typical case explanatory diagrams that the gamma ray that present example provides passes through steam generator.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method and experimental provision for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality, figure
1 scans traverse measurement structural schematic diagram for gamma ray, for describing gamma ray emission, reception, data collection system, and sweeps
Retouch the driving of traverse measurement platform, control system.Mainly include137Cs radioactive source 1, shielding lead can 2, stepper motor 3, stepper motor
Mobile platform 4, Mobile Slide 6, controller 7, driver 8,24V DC power supply 9, the mobile bracket 10 in radioactive source side, connects guide rail 5
The mobile bracket 12 of lever apparatus 11, receiver-side, collimator 13, scintillation crystal detectors 14, radiography acquisition device 15, industrial personal computer 16,
Steam generator cylinder 17, steam generator heat-transfer pipe beam 18.
Steam generator cylinder 17 to be measured is placed in centre；Side is arranged stepper motor 3, stepper motor mobile platform 4, guide rail 5, is moved
Dynamic slide unit 6, forms driving device for step-by-step；The mobile bracket 10 in radioactive source side is fixed with Mobile Slide 6, pass through linkage
11 are connected with the mobile bracket 12 of receiver-side, form mobile bracket；Driving device for step-by-step and mobile bracket collectively constitute gal
Horse ray scanning traverse measurement platform；Driver 8 is connected with stepper motor 3, and controller 7 is connected with driver 8, controller 7 with
Driver 8 is connected with 24V DC power supply 9 respectively, the driving of composition stepper motor and control system；It is placed on mobile bracket137Cs
Radioactive source 1, shielding lead can 2, collimator 13, scintillation crystal detectors 14, form gamma ray emission and reception device；Flashing is brilliant
Bulk detector 14, radiography acquisition device 15, industrial personal computer 16 are sequentially connected with, and form ray counting rate acquisition system.
The present invention measures the operating process of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality using gamma ray scanning method are as follows:
It is the calibration of gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform and the setting of sweep parameter first:
(1) suitable measurement section is chosen, arranges that gamma ray scans traverse measurement platform, stepper motor according to the above technical scheme
Driving and control system, ray counting rate acquisition system；
(2) adjust test platform, it is vertical with tube bank narrow slit direction to be measured to make ray moving direction, and guarantee traverse measurement plane and
It is vertical to restrain axial direction；
(3) it arranges137Cs radioactive source and scintillation crystal detectors select suitable collimator according to interbank interval of slit size,
Before being arranged in scintillation crystal detectors, it is ensured that the radiation source center direction of the launch, collimator central porisity, scintillation crystal detectors
Receiving plane center three is on same straight line；
(4) stepper motor program is set on stepper motor driver, determines sweep length and travel speed.
The followed by calibration process of gas phase background and liquid phase background:
(5) keep primary side of steam generator hydraulically full, secondary side is full of air, measures the temperature and pressure of first and second side at this time
Power (to determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, it is right by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set
Steam generator is scanned measurement, records gas phase background counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep survey is carried out altogether
Amount, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
(6) keep primary side of steam generator hydraulically full, secondary side is hydraulically full, measures the temperature and pressure of first and second side at this time
Power (to determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, it is right by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set
Steam generator is scanned measurement, records liquid phase background counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep survey is carried out altogether
Amount, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
It is finally the acquisition of steam generator secondary side biphase gas and liquid flow counting rate:
(7) to reach stable diabatic process between bundle of steam generator, the temperature and pressure for measuring first and second side at this time (is used
To determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set, to steam
Generator is scanned measurement, records biphase gas and liquid flow counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep survey is carried out altogether
Amount, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
(8) it repeats the above steps, carries out the measurement of next operating point, until completing the two-phase counting rate acquisition of all operating conditions.
It is a kind of method and reality for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality provided in an embodiment of the present invention above
The main composed structure and the course of work of experiment device, in order to further obtain biphase gas and liquid flow cross section quality between tube bank narrow slit,
Gas phase background, liquid phase background, the ray counting rate of biphase gas and liquid flow and the steam generator flow parameter obtained according to measurement
And structural parameters elaborate to calculation formula in conjunction with Fig. 2, Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that ray scan measures steam generator cross section quality, and radioactive source is launched uniform gamma and penetrated
Line, after shielding lead can shielding, with the inswept steam generator of the shape of covering of the fan, collimator is visited after shielding again by scintillation crystal
Device is surveyed to receive.Assuming that collimator has enough thickness that can mask the gamma ray of transmitting, then scintillation crystal detectors can only
The ray of collimator inner diameter size area is received, i.e., the effective rays of inswept steam generator are an elongated cylinder, straight
Diameter is equal to collimator internal diameter.
, can be there are two types of typical situation during ray is along measurement cross-sectional scans steam generator, shown in Fig. 3, the left side is
Ray only passes through secondary side fluid, without a side liquid just through the narrow slit between tube bank；The right is that ray can pass through
Tube bank not only passes through secondary side fluid, but also passes through a side liquid.
The basic law of ray attenuation, i.e. Lambert-Beer's law are as follows:
I=I0exp(-μx)
I0- gamma ray initial intensity or counting rate；
I-is through the intensity or counting rate after substance decaying；
Linear absorption coefficient of the μ-substance to gamma ray；
The distance that x-Radiolucent medium passes through, mm.
Lambert-Beer's law can also state are as follows:
I=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)ρx)
μ/ρ-substance is to the mass-absorption coefficient of gamma ray, the i.e. ratio of linear absorption coefficient and material density.
Mass-absorption coefficient is not influenced by material density and physical state, for the water and steam under different condition,
Its mass-absorption coefficient is all the same.
The case where for ray just through tube bank gap, have under gas phase background calibration condition:
Iair=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)mρmxm-(μ/ρ)airρairx)
IairThe counting rate that ray receiver receives under the conditions of-full gas；
(μ/ρ)mThe mass-absorption coefficient of-stainless steel；
ρmThe density of-stainless steel sleeve；
xmThe thickness of-stainless steel sleeve；
(μ/ρ)airThe mass-absorption coefficient of-air；
ρairThe density of-ambient air；
X-ray penetrates the thickness of secondary side in steam generator sleeve；
Have under liquid phase background calibration condition:
Iwater=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)mρmxm-(μ/ρ)waterρwaterx)
IwaterThe counting rate that ray receiver receives under the conditions of-full water；
(μ/ρ)waterThe mass-absorption coefficient of-water and steam；
ρwaterThe density of-normal temperature and pressure water；
Have under two-phase test condition:
Itp=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)mρmxm-(μ/ρ)waterρtpx)
ItpThe counting rate that ray receiver receives under-two-phase test condition；
ρtpThe density of-secondary side two-phase steam water interface；
By fortran, ignore atmospheric density (its bring error is about 0.1%), it can be in the hope of two-phase steam water interface
Density:
Had according to two phase flow averag density model:
ρtp=ρsgα+(1-α)ρsl
ρsgSaturation vapour density under-Test Cycle；
ρslSaturated solution density under-Test Cycle；
So as to obtain in the case where ray is just through tube bank gap, cross section quality αiCalculation formula:
Cross section quality measured by above-mentioned calculation formula is situation shown in the left side Fig. 3, and corresponding areal extent: length is worn for ray
Chord length in steam generator cylinder is crossed, width is the internal diameter of collimator, using steam generator sleeve lining as boundary.
The case where not only having passed through tube bank gap for ray but also having passed through tube bank primary side water, has under gas phase background calibration condition:
Iair=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)mρmxm-(μ/ρ)airρairx-(μ/ρ)waterρwaterxf)
xfThe thickness of the penetrated primary side water of-ray；
Have under liquid phase background calibration condition:
Iwater=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)mρmxm-(μ/ρ)waterρwaterx-(μ/ρ)waterρwaterxf)
Have under two-phase test condition:
Itp=I0exp(-(μ/ρ)mρmxm-(μ/ρ)waterρtpx-(μ/ρ)waterρfhwaterxf)
ρfhwaterThe density of-primary side high-temperature high pressure water.
By fortran, ignore atmospheric density (its bring error is about 0.1%), it can be in the hope of two-phase steam water interface
Density:
With ray just through restraining gap, being not passed through the comparison of the case where primary side water, above-mentioned formula includes a correction factor:
This correction factor consists of two parts, and a part is ρfhwater/ρwaterThe primary side when density ratio of water, i.e. two-phase are tested
The density ratio of normal temperature and pressure water when the density and calibration of high-temperature high pressure water；Another part is structural coefficient xf/ x, i.e. ray are worn
The thickness of saturating primary side water and the ratio between the thickness in the penetrated secondary side gap of ray.
In view of the part that ray passes through steam generator is an elongate cylinder, and ray is distributed on its emission cross section
Even, then correction factor can be addressed further under are as follows:
Vf- ray penetrates the volume of primary side water；
V-ray penetrates the volume of secondary side steam water two phase flow.
So as to obtain ray in the case where not only passing through tube bank gap but also tube bank primary side water can be passed through, cross section quality
αiCalculation formula:
Cross section quality measured by above-mentioned calculation formula is situation shown in the right side Fig. 3, and corresponding areal extent: length is worn for ray
Chord length in steam generator cylinder is crossed, width is the internal diameter of collimator, using steam generator sleeve lining and heat transfer pipe outer wall as side
Boundary.
In this way, the section in any chord length of the outer secondary side of available tube bank contains vapour by the scanning to steam generator section
Rate αi, the averga cross section steam quality α of whole cross section, calculation formula can also be calculated by the cross section quality in every section of chord length
It is as follows:
αiCross section quality in-the i-th chord length；
AiSectional area corresponding to-the i-th chord length.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of device for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality characterized by comprising gamma ray hair
It penetrates and reception device, gamma ray scans traverse measurement platform, stepper motor driving and control system and ray counting rate acquire
System, stepper motor are connect with traverse measurement platform, drive traverse measurement platform, drive the gamma being placed on traverse measurement platform
Ray emission and reception device, complete the measurement of gamma ray scanning method void fraction, and ray counting rate acquisition system completes data
Acquisition；
The gamma ray emission includes with reception device137Cs radioactive source (1),137Cs radioactive source (1) is located at shielding lead can
(2) internal, with137Cs radioactive source (1) is correspondingly arranged on collimator (13) and scintillation crystal detectors (14)；
The gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform includes driving device for step-by-step and mobile bracket, stepper motor driving dress
It sets including stepper motor mobile platform (4) and Mobile Slide (6), is provided with guide rail (5) on stepper motor mobile platform (4), walked
It is that stepper motor mobile platform (4) provide power into motor (3)；
The mobile bracket includes that radioactive source side mobile bracket (10) and receiver-side are mobile bracket (12), and described penetrates source
It is connected between mobile bracket (10) and receiver-side mobile bracket (12) by linkage (11)；
It penetrates between source mobile bracket (10) and receiver-side mobile bracket (12) and is provided with steam generator cylinder (17)；
The stepper motor driving and control system, including driver (8), driver (8) are connected with stepper motor (3), control
Device (7) processed is connected with driver (8), and controller (7) is connected with 24V DC power supply (9) respectively with driver (8)；
The ray counting rate acquisition system, including radiography acquisition device (15), industrial personal computer (16), capture program and each device it
Between connecting line；The radiography acquisition device (15) is connected with scintillation crystal detectors (14), radiography acquisition device (15) and industry control
Machine (16) is connected.
2. a kind of device for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality according to claim 1, feature
It is, the radioactive source side mobile bracket (10) are fixedly connected with Mobile Slide (6), realize that driving device for step-by-step drives
The scanning function of mobile bracket；137Cs radioactive source (1) and shielding lead can (2) are fixed on radioactive source side mobile bracket (10), quasi-
Straight device (13), scintillation crystal detectors (14) are fixed on receiver-side mobile bracket (12).
3. a kind of device for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality according to claim 1, feature
It is, the steam generator cylinder (17) is internally provided with steam generator heat-transfer pipe beam (18).
4. a kind of device for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality according to claim 1, feature
It is, it is described137Cs radioactive source (1), collimator (13) central porisity, scintillation crystal detectors (14) receiving plane center three
Person is on same straight line.
5. a kind of method for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality, which is characterized in that include the following steps；
(1) the suitable measurement section of selection arranges that gamma ray emission is swept with reception device, gamma ray according to the above technical scheme
Retouch traverse measurement platform, stepper motor driving and control system, ray counting rate acquisition system；
(2) setting of the calibration of gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform and sweep parameter；
(3) calibration of gas phase background and liquid phase background；
(4) scanning survey of the biphase gas and liquid flow cross section quality on a cross section；
(5) according to the ray counting rate and steam generator for measuring obtained gas phase background, liquid phase background, biphase gas and liquid flow
Flow parameter and structural parameters calculate steam generator secondary side tube bundle region cross section quality.
6. a kind of method for the measurement of bundle of steam generator area cross section quality according to claim 5, feature
Be, it is described the specific steps are；
It is the calibration of gamma ray scanning traverse measurement platform and the setting of sweep parameter first:
(1) suitable measurement section is chosen, arranges that gamma ray scans traverse measurement platform, stepper motor according to the above technical scheme
Driving and control system, ray counting rate acquisition system；
(2) adjust test platform, it is vertical with tube bank narrow slit direction to be measured to make ray moving direction, and guarantee traverse measurement plane and
It is vertical to restrain axial direction；
(3) it arranges137Cs radioactive source (1) and scintillation crystal detectors (14), it is suitable to be selected according to interbank interval of slit size
Collimator (13), before being arranged in scintillation crystal detectors (14), it is ensured that the radiation source center direction of the launch, collimator (13) center
Hole, scintillation crystal detectors (14) receiving plane center three are on same straight line；
(4) stepper motor (3) program is set on stepper motor driver, determines sweep length and travel speed；
The followed by calibration process of gas phase background and liquid phase background:
(5) keep primary side of steam generator hydraulically full, secondary side is full of air, measures the temperature and pressure of first and second side at this time
Power (to determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set
(3), measurement is scanned to steam generator, records gas phase background counting rate；For improve measurement accuracy, carry out altogether it is positive and negative twice
Scanning survey, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
(6) keep primary side of steam generator hydraulically full, secondary side is hydraulically full, measures the temperature and pressure of first and second side at this time
Power (to determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set
(3), measurement is scanned to steam generator, records liquid phase background counting rate；For improve measurement accuracy, carry out altogether it is positive and negative twice
Scanning survey, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
It is finally the acquisition of steam generator secondary side biphase gas and liquid flow counting rate:
(7) to reach stable diabatic process between bundle of steam generator, the temperature and pressure for measuring first and second side at this time (is used
To determine Media density)；Radioactive source and ray reception device are opened, by the driven by program stepper motor being previously set, to steam
Generator is scanned measurement, records biphase gas and liquid flow counting rate；To improve measurement accuracy, positive and negative twice sweep survey is carried out altogether
Amount, radioactive source return initial position, close radioactive source after the completion of acquisition；
(8) it repeats the above steps, carries out the measurement of next operating point, until completing the two-phase counting rate acquisition of all operating conditions.
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| CN112185595A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Online measurement system and method for steam concentration of gas-phase mixture |
| CN114199908A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Alkali metal heat pipe phase distribution measuring device and method |
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| JP2003139884A (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-14 | Toshiba Corp | Device for measuring void fraction |
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| JP2003139884A (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-14 | Toshiba Corp | Device for measuring void fraction |
| CN103698102A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Inter-tube-bundle high-temperature high-pressure vapor-liquid two-phase flow pattern experimental device and flow pattern identification method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112185595A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Online measurement system and method for steam concentration of gas-phase mixture |
| CN114199908A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Alkali metal heat pipe phase distribution measuring device and method |
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