CN109532047B - 一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶;(2)共挤出得到具有交替多层结构的硅橡胶复合材料;(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样;(4)超临界流体发泡:将制备的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样置于高压釜中,升温加压至设定条件,使气体转变为超临界状态,溶胀饱和一段时间后快速泄压,得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;(5)硫化。本发明利用不同填料在硅橡胶基体中补强与成核效能的差异,制备出的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料相邻层中泡孔区别明显,使得硅橡胶泡沫材料的压缩强度大幅度提高,其抗压缩能力明显高于单分布与双分布泡孔的硅橡胶泡沫材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于硅橡胶泡沫材料技术领域,具体涉及一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法。
背景技术
硅橡胶泡沫材料具有高回弹性、耐高低温性、耐老化性等优点,可在较复杂的环境中作为减震缓冲、保温隔热材料。但硅橡胶泡沫属于弹性泡沫材料,其压缩应力-应变曲线不明显。如何提高和拓宽硅橡胶泡沫的压缩应力应变平台,实现最大能量吸收和恒定应力维持以实现力学自适应的功能,达到更好减震防护的目的,是硅橡胶泡沫材料研究的重要问题。向斌等人制备了双峰泡孔结构硅橡胶泡沫材料,一定程度上提高了微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的抗压缩性能。
交替多层结构结合了不同材料的优点,弥补了单一材料的缺陷,其形成的受限空间和层界面可赋予材料更多复杂的功能。研究表明,通过结构设计引入多层结构可以有效改善材料的力学、光学、阻隔、阻尼和电磁等性能。中国专利CN106739190A制备了由高分子材料A和高分子材料B经交替多层复合而成的高分子复合材料,向高分子材料A中添加中空玻璃微珠,制备了一种轻质多层复合隔音隔热材料。中国专利CN107738486A通过多层共挤制备了PMMA/ABS多层高分子材料,降低了生产成本,同时提高了材料的耐老化性、缺口冲击强度和耐候性等性能。中国专利CN106393541A选择了维卡软化点或熔点有一定差异的实体层和发泡层基体,将其成型为交替多层结构的初始样品后,通过超临界发泡制备了具有实体层和发泡层交替排列的聚合物发泡材料。降低了泡沫材料的平均泡孔尺寸,提高其泡孔密度和膨胀比。以上文献研究主要集中在利用不同种原料进行交替多层共挤,原料间的相容性以及加工条件等会严重影响复合材料的实际性能。
发明内容
为了克服上述技术缺陷,本发明提供了一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,该方法利用不同种类白炭黑在硅橡胶基体中的补强和成核效能的差异,通过多层共挤制备出相邻层中泡孔分布不一的微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料,以此提高微孔硅橡胶泡沫的力学性能。
为了达到上述技术效果,本发明提供了一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶:将硅橡胶、不同种类的白炭黑和硅油按照一定配方密炼30~40分钟;将其冷却至室温后加入硫化剂,再密炼10~15分钟,得到硅橡胶混炼胶A、硅橡胶混炼胶B;
(2)制备多层硅橡胶复合材料:通过多层共挤方法制备具有交替层状结构的硅橡胶复合材料,其相邻层基体中白炭黑的种类不同,具有不同的补强和成核效能;
(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样:将步骤(2)得到的硅橡胶复合材料通过模压成型得到多层硅橡胶待发泡试样;
(4)超临界流体发泡:将步骤(3)得到的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样放置于高压釜中,通入发泡气体并升高高压釜温度和压力至发泡气体转变为超临界流体,待多层硅橡胶待发泡试样饱和一段时间后,快速泄压得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;
(5)硫化:将步骤(4)得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样从高压釜中取出,在160℃烘箱中硫化30分钟,随后在190℃烘箱中热处理1小时,完全硫化后得到多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(1)中硅橡胶混炼胶的配方按照重量分数计具体为:硅橡胶100份、白炭黑40~70份、硅油2~8份、硫化剂0.5~1份。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(1)中硅橡胶选自甲基硅橡胶生胶、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶、乙基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶或甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶中的任意一种或几种
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(1)中白炭黑选自气相法白炭黑或沉淀法白炭黑中的任意两种或多种。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(1)中硅油选自羟基硅油、甲基硅油、甲基乙烯基硅油或乙基羟基硅油中的任意一种或几种。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(1)硫化剂选自过氧化二异丙苯、2,4-二氯过氧化苯甲酰、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧基硅烷或过氧化苯甲酰中的任意一种。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(2)中多层硅橡胶复合材料具有(AB)n交替多层规整排列方式,n为2以上的自然数,所述多层硅橡胶复合材料的厚度为2~3mm,总层数为4~1024层。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)具体为通过多层共挤制备具有交替层状结构的硅橡胶复合材料,将混炼好的硅橡胶A与硅橡胶B分别投入多层共挤的两台挤出机中,经过不同流道在共挤模头处合并,然后流经一系列分层叠加单元,得到不同层数的多层硅橡胶复合材料。挤出机各段温度控制在30℃~100℃之间,挤出机转速比为1:4~4:1。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(3)中模压成型时间为5~8分钟,模压成型的温度为125~130℃,压力为5~10MPa。
进一步的,所述步骤(3)具体为将适宜尺寸的多层硅橡胶复合材料填入模具中,在一定温度、压力的平板硫化机中热压成型,成型温度与时间根据所选硫化剂类型而定。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(4)中的发泡气体选自二氧化碳、氮气、氩气或空气中的任意一种或几种。
进一步的技术方案为,所述步骤(4)中高压釜的温度为40~80℃,压力为10~20MPa。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明利用不同填料在硅橡胶基体中补强与成核效能的差异,制备出的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料相邻层中泡孔区别明显,使得硅橡胶泡沫材料的压缩强度大幅度提高,其抗压缩能力明显高于单分布与双分布泡孔的硅橡胶泡沫材料。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的多层硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料SEM图;
图2是实施例2制备的多层硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料SEM图;
图3是实施例3制备的多层硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料SEM图;
图4是实施例4制备的多层硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料SEM图;
图5是对比例1中组成多层硅橡胶的两种纯组分的泡孔SEM图;
图6是纯组分、多层硅橡胶与双峰泡孔的压缩应力应变曲线对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶
硅橡胶A的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,气相法白炭黑40份,羟基硅油8份,硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1份;
硅橡胶B的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,沉淀法白炭黑40份,羟基硅油4份,过氧化二异丙苯1份;
(2)制备多层硅橡胶复合材料
交替多层共挤出设备的两台挤出机各段温度在80℃左右,转速比为1:1,制备出8层的硅橡胶交替多层复合材料,其尺寸约为500×50×2mm3;
(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样
将长×宽×厚度为40×30×2mm3的多层硅橡胶复合材料在平板硫化机中预硫化5min,平板硫化机温度为125℃,压力为10Mpa;
(4)超临界流体发泡
将步骤(3)制备的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样放入高压釜中,饱和温度为50℃、压力为14MPa,饱和1h后快速泄压,得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;
(5)硫化
将多层硅橡胶发泡试样取出后在160℃烘箱中硫化30min,再在190℃烘箱中热处理1h,得到8层的(AB)4结构的硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料。
实施例2
(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶
硅橡胶A的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,气相法白炭黑50份,羟基硅油8份,硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1份;硅橡胶B的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,沉淀法白炭黑50份,羟基硅油4份,过氧化二异丙苯1份;
(2)制备多层硅橡胶复合材料
交替多层共挤出设备的两台挤出机各段温度在80℃左右,转速比为2:3,制备出16层的硅橡胶交替多层复合材料,其尺寸约为500×50×2mm3;
(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样
将长×宽×厚度为40×30×2mm3的多层硅橡胶复合材料在平板硫化机中预硫化6min,平板硫化机温度为125℃,压力为10MPa;
(4)超临界流体发泡
将步骤(3)制备的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样放入高压釜中,饱和温度为50℃、压力为18MPa,饱和1h后快速泄压,得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;
(5)硫化
将多层硅橡胶发泡试样取出后在160℃烘箱中硫化30min,再在190℃烘箱中热处理1h,得到16层的(AB)8结构的硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料。
实施例3
(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶
硅橡胶A的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,气相法白炭黑40份,羟基硅油8份,硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1份;硅橡胶B的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,沉淀法白炭黑40份,羟基硅油4份,过氧化二异丙苯1份;
(2)制备多层硅橡胶复合材料
交替多层共挤出设备的两台挤出机各段温度在80℃左右,转速比为2:1,制备出32层的硅橡胶交替多层复合材料,其尺寸约为500×50×2mm3;
(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样
将长×宽×厚度为40×30×2mm3的多层硅橡胶复合材料在平板硫化机中预硫化7min,平板硫化机温度为125℃,压力为10MPa;
(4)超临界流体发泡
将步骤(3)制备的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样放入高压釜中,饱和温度为60℃、压力为20MPa,饱和1h后快速泄压,得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;
(5)硫化
将多层硅橡胶发泡试样取出后在160℃烘箱中硫化30min,再在190℃烘箱中热处理1h,得到32层的(AB)16结构的硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料。
实施例4
(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶
硅橡胶A的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,气相法白炭黑50份,羟基硅油8份,硫化剂过氧化二异丙苯1份;硅橡胶B的各组分配比为:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶100份,沉淀法白炭黑50份,羟基硅油4份,过氧化二异丙苯1份;
(2)制备多层硅橡胶复合材料
交替多层共挤出设备的两台挤出机各段温度在80℃左右,转速比为3:2,制备出64层的硅橡胶交替多层复合材料,其尺寸约为500×50×2mm3;
(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样
将长×宽×厚度为40×30×2mm3的多层硅橡胶复合材料在平板硫化机中预硫化8min,平板硫化机温度为125℃,压力为10MPa;
(4)超临界流体发泡
将步骤(3)制备的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样放入高压釜中,饱和温度为60℃、压力为20MPa,饱和1h后快速泄压,得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;
(5)硫化
将多层硅橡胶发泡试样取出后在160℃烘箱中硫化30min,再在190℃烘箱中热处理1h,得到64层的(AB)32结构的硅橡胶微孔泡沫材料。
对比例1
制备方法除了硅橡胶的组分为单一组分外,其他步骤均与实施例1相同。
实施例5
将交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料与纯组分填料的微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料分别进行抗压缩试验,测试结果的曲线图如图6所示,对比交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料与对应纯组分填料的微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料,结果表明层数对泡孔尺寸和泡孔密度影响较小。当其密度相同时,具有交替层状结构的微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料压缩性能大大优于单、双分布结构的泡沫材料。
Claims (9)
1.一种交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备硅橡胶混炼胶:将硅橡胶、不同种类的白炭黑和硅油按照一定配方密炼30~40min;将其冷却至室温后加入硫化剂,再密炼10~15min,得到硅橡胶混炼胶A、硅橡胶混炼胶B;
(2)制备多层硅橡胶复合材料:通过多层共挤方法制备具有交替层状结构的硅橡胶复合材料,其相邻层基体中白炭黑的种类不同,具有不同的补强和成核效能;所述白炭黑选自气相法白炭黑或沉淀法白炭黑;
(3)制备多层硅橡胶待发泡试样:将步骤(2)得到的硅橡胶复合材料通过模压成型得到多层硅橡胶待发泡试样;
(4)超临界流体发泡:将步骤(3)得到的多层硅橡胶待发泡试样放置于高压釜中,通入发泡气体并升高高压釜温度和压力至发泡气体转变为超临界流体,待多层硅橡胶待发泡试样饱和一段时间后,快速泄压得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样;
(5)硫化:将步骤(4)得到多层硅橡胶发泡试样从高压釜中取出,在160℃烘箱中放置30分钟,随后在190℃烘箱中热处理1小时,完全硫化后得到多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中硅橡胶混炼胶的配方按照重量分数计具体为:硅橡胶100份、白炭黑40~70份、硅油2~8份、硫化剂0.5~1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中硅橡胶选自甲基硅橡胶生胶、甲基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶、乙基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶或甲基苯基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中硅油选自羟基硅油、甲基硅油、甲基乙烯基硅油或乙基羟基硅油中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)硫化剂选自过氧化二异丙苯、2,4-二氯过氧化苯甲酰、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基过氧基硅烷或过氧化苯甲酰中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中多层硅橡胶复合材料具有(AB)n交替多层规整排列方式,n为2以上的自然数,所述多层硅橡胶复合材料的厚度为2~3mm,总层数为4~1024层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中模压成型时间为5~8分钟,模压成型的温度为125~130℃,压力为5~10MPa。
8.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的发泡气体选自二氧化碳、氮气、氩气或空气中的任意一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的交替多层微孔硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中高压釜的温度为40~80℃,压力为10~20MPa。
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