CN109527543A - 一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳 - Google Patents
一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,属于食品工程技术领域。本发明的益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,由麦芽糊精、蛋白质、脂肪、复合维生素、复合矿物质、膳食纤维、益生菌和益生元组成。本发明通过合理的搭配制备成的益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳适用于无法进食糖尿病患者,能满足机体基本营养需求,并能维持血糖稳定,不仅可以满足糖尿病病人的基本营养需求,而且可以预防、缓解和控制糖尿病的发生或加重。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品工程技术领域,具体涉及一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳。
背景技术
饮食治疗是糖尿病治疗基础部分,无法进食糖尿病患者需要鼻饲输注流质食物以补充营养物质,但是流质食物容易引起血糖发生较大波动,不利于血糖控制。有研究报道接受肠内营养的患者有30%存在高血糖。营养支持治疗期间,高血糖可增加并发症的发生和死亡风险。这就更加增加了糖尿病肠内营养患者血糖控制的难度。
目前认为,肠道菌群的结构性失衡是糖尿病发生的一种可能的重要机制。具体表现为菌群多样性和稳定性遭到破坏,如有益菌菌群的减少、条件致病菌菌群的增强,可以诱发肠道产生低度慢性炎症,促使细菌内毒素释放,从而导致胰岛素抵抗。籍此进一步影响机体对糖和能量的吸收,同时促进脂肪的合成与存储,即糖尿病病变发生。研究表明肠道菌群与糖尿病的形成发展密切相关,肠道菌群失调可导致肠道通透性增加、系统性炎症及氧化应激反应,从而促进糖尿病的形成与发展。益生菌是一种活性微生物,在服用适量的情况下能给宿主提供健康保障,益生菌可通过调节宿主肠道菌群、降低氧化应激及平衡免疫功能,从而对糖尿病产生干预作用。而益生元是一种膳食补充剂,主要为功能性低聚糖,包括乳果糖、果寡糖、半乳糖、大豆糖等,自身难以消化,能选择性地刺激肠道中一种或几种细菌的生长和活性,在纠正肠道菌群失调、恢复肠道正常生态平衡上起着重要作用。微生态制剂(益生菌、益生元)的作用受到广泛关注,微生态制剂具有免疫强化、改善血脂代谢、减少氧化应激、抗癌等药理营养素作用。一些体外研究、动物实验和人群研究显示:微生态制剂还可以改善糖尿病胰岛素抵抗,调节血糖代谢,其可能的机制在于调节肠道屏障功能、通透性以及肠黏膜免疫功能。
目前,市面上的糖尿病人使用的匀浆膳产品主要分为进口和国产两大类。进口产品多采用湿法造粒工艺,所需生产设备和技术要求较高、价格较高。国产产品多采用干料混合工艺,即将配方中的原料按比例一次性混合,无需造粒工艺,所需生产设备和技术要求较低产品冲调方便,但溶解度较低。而且,目前市面上使用的糖尿病人使用的匀浆膳大多口感单一、营养成分单一,缺乏糖尿病人所需的微量元素和矿物质,不利于糖尿病人长期服用。
发明内容
针对上述糖尿病人使用的匀浆膳营养成分单一,缺乏糖尿病人所需的微量元素和矿物质,不利于糖尿病人长期服用的缺点,本发明提供了一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,营养全面,并能维持血糖稳定,能够预防糖尿病并发症的产生,兼具预防、治疗和控制糖尿病的效果。
一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,根据糖尿病患者的营养需要及饮食特点,精选麦芽糊精、蛋白质、脂肪,配以复合矿物质和复合维生素,尤其添加对糖尿病人有益的微生态制剂,参照中华医学会糖尿病分会制订的《中国糖尿病医学营养治疗指南》中推荐的每日膳食营养素参考摄入量要求,兼顾营养成分的全面性、均衡性,精心设计配方,采取现代食品生产工艺精制而成,是营养齐全均衡、易于血糖控制的食品。
一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,包含按重量份计的下列组分:麦芽糊精40~60份、蛋白质15~20份、脂肪20~30份、复合维生素0.15~0.5份、复合矿物质2~3份、膳食纤维5~10份、益生菌0.01~0.15份、益生元0.5~1份。
一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,包含按重量份计的下列组分:麦芽糊精45~55份、蛋白质18~20份、脂肪25~30份、复合维生素0.3~0.4份、复合矿物质2~2.5份、膳食纤维8~10份、益生菌0.08~0.15份、益生元0.8~1份,所述份为重量份。
优选地,所述蛋白质为乳清蛋白、酪蛋白和大豆分离蛋白;所述乳清蛋白、酪蛋白和大豆分离蛋白的质量比为7~14:4~13:0~6。
优选地,所述脂肪为多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯和中链脂肪酸甘油酯。
优选地,所述脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂。
优选地,所述多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯和中链脂肪酸甘油酯的质量比为1~3:1。
优选地,所述多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯为油菜籽油、花生油、大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油和玉米油、藻油中的两种以上;优选地,所述中链脂肪酸甘油酯为椰子油和棕榈仁油中的一种以上。
优选地,所述复合维生素为包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生 素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E 、维生素K、烟酸、叶酸、泛酸、生物素、胆碱、牛磺酸。
优选地,所述复合矿物质为钾、钠、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铬、钼、磷、碘、硒。
优选地,所述膳食纤维为银耳多糖、青稞β-葡聚糖、菊粉。
优选地,所述益生菌为干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌中的3种以上菌株复合而成;所述益生菌的添加形式为冻干粉。
优选地,所述益生元为异麦芽糖醇、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖中的一种以上。
研究发现,糖尿病患者体内存在肠道菌群紊乱的现象。益生菌可以通过调节肠道菌群,有益菌更多地附着在肠道上皮细胞上,并通过抑制胃肠道对葡萄糖的吸收,从而降低血糖水平。益生菌还可以通过吸收葡萄糖进入菌体内,减少人体的吸收,从而降低血糖水平。此外益生菌能降低LPS(细菌脂多糖)浓度,减少炎症反应,提高胰岛素敏感性,改善胰岛素抵抗血糖,进而达到防治糖尿病的目的。在补充益生菌的同时,补充益生菌的食物——益生元,可以有效的增加益生菌的数量,会比单独补充益生菌更有效。
含有钾、钠、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铬、钼、磷、碘、硒等元素的矿物质在糖尿病发病、并发症的发生和病程演化过程中起重要作用。研究表明,糖尿病患者铬、锌、硒、镁、铁水平有所降低,有并发症时更低;硒、铬、锌水平均显著低于无并发症者,铬及锌状态的受损被认为是糖尿病发病的损伤因素;镁摄入量与糖尿病的发病率及空腹胰岛素水平呈明显负相关;锰缺乏可导致糖耐量减退及类似糖尿病表现;硒可降低糖尿病人心血管疾病的风险;钒缺乏对心血管的不利影响与糖尿病大血管并发症的发生有一定关系。糖尿病患者适量增加钙的摄入有助于预防骨量减少和骨质疏松症。人体试验表明,糖尿病人通过饮食补铬能改善糖耐量异常,降低胰岛素抵抗,减少降糖降药或胰岛素需要量,在糖和脂质代谢中能增强胰岛素作用。人体内镁含量的减少会造成机体胰岛素敏感性下降,低镁饮食会造成胰岛素抵抗,而补镁可提高β细胞反应能力;锌是体内160种酶的组成成分,能影响胰岛素合成、贮存、分泌及胰岛素结构完整性。
维生素与糖尿病有关,缺乏维生素可影响胰岛细胞功能,研究发现糖尿病与维生素A、C、D、E、B6等关系密切。维生素A缺乏可能导致1型糖尿病的发生和胰岛细胞凋亡,维生素C 能够清除自由基,预防糖尿病合并神经和血管病变。维生素D缺乏可能导致胰岛素分泌减少,维生素E具有明显的抗氧化保护作用,体内维生素E含量低的男子患糖尿病的危险是正常人的4倍。维生素B6在防治糖尿病中起一定作用,绝大多数并发神经病变的糖尿病人,出现维生素B6水平低于正常值的情况。
有益效果
(1)通过合理的搭配制备成的益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳适用于无法进食糖尿病患者,能满足机体基本营养需求,并能维持血糖稳定,从而预防糖尿病并发症的产生,尤其适用于无法进食的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,在供应的基础上显著降低餐后血糖。
(2)在益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳中添加有益生菌、益生元、复合维生素、复合矿物质等成分,不仅可以满足糖尿病病人的基本营养需求,而且可以预防、缓解和控制糖尿病的发生或加重。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
麦芽糊精 45g、蛋白质18g(其中乳清蛋白8g、酪蛋白5g、大豆分离蛋白5g)、脂肪25g(其中橄榄油5g、亚麻籽油4g、玉米油4g、藻油3g、椰子油3g、棕榈仁油6g,脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂)、复合维生素0.322g(其中维生素A 0.45mg、维生素B1 0.8mg、维生 素B21mg、维生素B6 0.9mg、维生素B12 0.75μg、维生素C 120mg、维生素D 10μg、维生素E 6.5mg、维生素K 25μg、烟酸 10mg、叶酸 120μg、泛酸 2.5mg、生物素12μg、胆碱 140mg、牛磺酸30mg)、复合矿物质2.037g(各元素含量分别为钾 600mg、钠 350mg、钙 580mg、铁 10mg、锌5mg、镁 110mg、锰 1.8mg、铬80μg、钼40μg、磷 380mg、碘40μg、硒12μg)、膳食纤维9g(其中银耳多糖3g、青稞β-葡聚糖3g、菊粉3g)、益生菌120mg(由干酪乳杆菌冻干粉 40mg、嗜酸乳杆菌冻干粉40mg、鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉40mg复合而成)、益生元800mg(异麦芽糖醇800mg);
将上述原料混合均匀,进行干燥灭菌处理。
实施例2
麦芽糊精 55g、蛋白质20g(其中乳清蛋白7g、酪蛋白13g)、脂肪30g(其中油菜籽油8g、花生油8g、大豆油6g、椰子油5g、棕榈仁油3g,脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂)、复合维生素0.343g(其中维生素A 0.5mg、维生素B1 0.9mg.、维生 素B2 1.1mg、维生素B6 1mg、维生素B12 0.75μg、维生素C 130mg、维生素D 10μg、维生素E 6.5mg、维生素K 25μg、烟酸15mg、叶酸 120μg、泛酸 3mg、生物素12μg、胆碱 150mg、牛磺酸 35mg)、复合矿物质2.233g(各元素含量分别为钾 700mg、钠 350mg、钙 580mg、铁 20mg、锌 10mg、镁 120mg、锰2.5mg、铬90μg、钼50μg、磷 450mg、碘40μg、硒12μg)、膳食纤维10g(银耳多糖4g、青稞β-葡聚糖3g、菊粉3g)、益生菌120mg(由嗜酸乳杆菌20mg、鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉20mg、婴儿双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg、青春双歧杆菌冻干粉30mg、乳双歧杆菌冻干粉30mg复合而成)、益生元900mg(其中异麦芽糖醇400mg、低聚果糖500mg);
将上述原料混合均匀,进行干燥灭菌处理。
实施例3
麦芽糊精 53g、蛋白质19g(其中乳清蛋白8g、酪蛋白6g、大豆分离蛋白5g)、脂肪27g(其中大豆油8g、橄榄油7g、椰子油12g,脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂)、复合维生素0.397g(其中维生素A 0.5mg、维生素B1 0.9mg.、维生 素B2 1.1mg、维生素B6 1.5mg、维生素B12 0.75μg、维生素C 150mg、维生素D 10μg、维生素E 6.5mg、维生素K 25μg、烟酸 18mg、叶酸 120μg、泛酸 3mg、生物素12μg、胆碱 160mg、牛磺酸 55mg)、复合矿物质2.193g(各元素含量分别为钾 600mg、钠 350mg、钙 680mg、铁 20mg、锌 20mg、镁 120mg、锰 2.5mg、铬100μg、钼50μg、磷 400mg、碘40μg、硒20μg)、膳食纤维9g(银耳多糖4g、青稞β-葡聚糖3g、菊粉2g)、益生菌80mg(由鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉20mg、婴儿双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg、青春双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg、乳双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg复合而成)、益生元800 mg(其中异麦芽糖醇200mg、低聚果糖200mg、低聚异麦芽糖200mg);
将上述原料混合均匀,进行干燥灭菌处理。
实施例4
麦芽糊精 52g、蛋白质18g(其中乳清蛋白14g、酪蛋白4g)、脂肪30g(其中油菜籽油3g、花生油3g、大豆油5g、橄榄油3g、藻油2g、椰子油7g、棕榈仁油7g,脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂)、复合维生素0.312g(其中维生素A 0.35mg、维生素B1 0.7mg.、维生 素B20.8mg、维生素B6 0.9mg、维生素B12 0.75μg、维生素C 115mg、维生素D 10μg、维生素E 6mg、维生素K 25μg、烟酸 15mg、叶酸 120μg、泛酸 2.8mg、生物素12μg、胆碱 140mg、牛磺酸30mg)、复合矿物质2.435g(各元素含量分别为钾 700mg、钠 350mg、钙 780mg、铁 20mg、锌40mg、镁 140mg、锰 5mg、铬100μg、钼50μg、磷 400mg、碘40μg、硒25μg)、膳食纤维8g(银耳多糖3g、青稞β-葡聚糖2g、菊粉3g)、益生菌150mg(由干酪乳杆菌冻干粉 30mg、嗜酸乳杆菌冻干粉30mg、鼠李糖乳杆菌冻干粉30mg、婴儿双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg、青春双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg、乳双歧杆菌冻干粉20mg复合而成)、益生元1000mg(低聚果糖1000mg);
将上述原料混合均匀,进行干燥灭菌处理。
对比例1
麦芽糊精 53g、蛋白质19g(其中乳清蛋白8g、酪蛋白6g、大豆分离蛋白5g)、脂肪27g(其中大豆油8g、橄榄油7g、椰子油12g,脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂)、复合维生素0.397g(其中维生素A 0.5mg、维生素B1 0.9mg.、维生 素B2 1.1mg、维生素B6 1.5mg、维生素B12 0.75μg、维生素C 150mg、维生素D 10μg、维生素E 6.5mg、维生素K 25μg、烟酸 18mg、叶酸 120μg、泛酸 3mg、生物素12μg、胆碱 160mg、牛磺酸 55mg)、复合矿物质2.193g(各元素含量分别为钾 600mg、钠 350mg、钙 680mg、铁 20mg、锌 20mg、镁 120mg、锰 2.5mg、铬100μg、钼50μg、磷 400mg、碘40μg、硒20μg)、膳食纤维9g(银耳多糖4g、青稞β-葡聚糖3g、菊粉2g);
将上述原料混合均匀,进行干燥灭菌处理。
对比例2
麦芽糊精 52g、蛋白质18g(其中乳清蛋白14g、酪蛋白4g)、脂肪30g(其中油菜籽油3g、花生油3g、大豆油5g、橄榄油3g、藻油2g、椰子油7g、棕榈仁油7g,脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂)、复合维生素0.312g(其中维生素A 0.35mg、维生素B1 0.7mg.、维生 素B20.8mg、维生素B6 0.9mg、维生素B12 0.75μg、维生素C 115mg、维生素D 10μg、维生素E 6mg、维生素K 25μg、烟酸 15mg、叶酸 120μg、泛酸 2.8mg、生物素12μg、胆碱 140mg、牛磺酸30mg)、复合矿物质2.435g(各元素含量分别为钾 700mg、钠 350mg、钙 780mg、铁 20mg、锌40mg、镁 140mg、锰 5mg、铬100μg、钼50μg、磷 400mg、碘40μg、硒25μg)、膳食纤维8g(银耳多糖3g、青稞β-葡聚糖2g、菊粉3g);
将上述原料混合均匀,进行干燥灭菌处理。
血糖生成指数的测定:
按照国际通用Wolever法来测定上述实施例和对比例中益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳的血糖生成指数。测试结果如表1所示:
表1 益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳的血糖生成指数
Claims (10)
1.一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,包含按重量份计的下列组分:麦芽糊精40~60份、蛋白质15~20份、脂肪20~30份、复合维生素0.15~0.5份、复合矿物质2~3份、膳食纤维5~10份、益生菌0.01~0.15份、益生元0.5~1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,包含按重量份计的下列组分:麦芽糊精45~55份、蛋白质18~20份、脂肪25~30份、复合维生素0.3~0.4份、复合矿物质2~2.5份、膳食纤维8~10份、益生菌0.08~0.15份、益生元0.8~1份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述蛋白质为乳清蛋白、酪蛋白和大豆分离蛋白;所述乳清蛋白、酪蛋白和大豆分离蛋白的质量比为7~14:4~13:0~6。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述脂肪为多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯和中链脂肪酸甘油酯;
所述脂肪的添加形式为微胶囊化粉末油脂。
5.所述多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯和中链脂肪酸甘油酯的质量比为1~3:1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯为油菜籽油、花生油、大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油和玉米油、藻油中的两种以上;所述中链脂肪酸甘油酯为椰子油和棕榈仁油中的一种以上。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述复合维生素为包括维生素A、维生素B1、维生 素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E 、维生素K、烟酸、叶酸、泛酸、生物素、胆碱、牛磺酸;所述复合矿物质包含元素钾、钠、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铬、钼、磷、碘、硒。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述膳食纤维为银耳多糖、青稞β-葡聚糖、菊粉。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述益生菌为干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌、青春双歧杆菌、乳双歧杆菌中的3种以上菌株复合而成;所述益生菌的添加形式为冻干粉。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种益生菌型低血糖生成指数匀浆膳,其特征在于,所述益生元为异麦芽糖醇、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖中的一种以上。
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