CN109506536B - Method for optimally controlling bench blasting width of surface mine - Google Patents
Method for optimally controlling bench blasting width of surface mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109506536B CN109506536B CN201811444458.0A CN201811444458A CN109506536B CN 109506536 B CN109506536 B CN 109506536B CN 201811444458 A CN201811444458 A CN 201811444458A CN 109506536 B CN109506536 B CN 109506536B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimizing and controlling the width of a blasting pile of bench blasting of a surface mine, which adopts a regression analysis method to obtain a regression equation of the width L of the blasting pile during single-row hole blasting and a ballast cleaning variable and a ballast remaining variable respectively by regression: during slag cleaning: l ═ A1+B1·(h1/W) in which A1And B1Is a regression value; when the slag is left: l ═ A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]Wherein A is2And B2Is a regression value. And predicting the width of the blasting pile and carrying out field test verification by combining a large amount of field test data with blast hole array pitch parameters, and further guiding the optimization of blasting parameters according to field conditions. The method can guide the optimization of blasting parameters, better control the width of the blasting pile, reduce the forward extension and downward throwing amount of the blasting pile and improve the shoveling and loading efficiency; and the safety of side slope mining is ensured, the stope side slope angle is improved, the rock stripping amount is reduced, and the mining cost of mine blasting is reduced. The invention has good popularization and reference functions for similar steep slope mining surface mines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of open bench blasting, and particularly relates to a method for optimally controlling the bench blasting pile width of an open mine.
Background
The process of surface mining generally comprises: the process comprises the steps of perforating, blasting, shovel loading, transporting and rock discharging, wherein all process links are mutually connected, mutually influenced and mutually restricted, and the most basic production cycle of open-pit mining is formed. Blasting is an important process of open-pit mining, and the whole ore rock is crushed and loosened through blasting operation to form a blasting pile with a certain shape, so that working conditions are provided for subsequent mining and loading operation. The quality of blasting work quality and blasting effect directly influences the production efficiency of subsequent mining and loading operation and the mining and loading operation cost; the blasting pile width is an important control content, particularly for a mine mined in a steep slope, the side slope angle can be better improved, the rock stripping amount is reduced, the stripping cost is reduced, and remarkable economic benefit is created.
The analysis of the influence factors of the shovel loading efficiency of the electric shovel of the open pit mine published in No. 5 of 1995 is carried out according to the correlation analysis of the actually measured data of the shovel efficiency and the width of the blasting pile, and the result shows that: the efficiency of the electric shovel is improved along with the increase of the width of the exploded pile, but when the width of the exploded pile exceeds a certain value, the efficiency of the electric shovel is reduced on the contrary because the width of the exploded pile is too large, the looseness of the exploded pile is not a main factor influencing the efficiency of the electric shovel, and the efficiency of the electric shovel is obviously reduced due to the excessively thin exploded pile. In the text "prediction method of bench blasting pile width of strip mine" published in No. 2 of 1995 in Western prospecting engineering, prediction of the pile forward stroke distance of production blasting according to the maximum initial speed and the maximum throwing distance of rock mass movement is proposed.
Therefore, the method has important significance for improving the shoveling and loading efficiency, reducing the stripping amount and improving the stope side slope angle by optimally controlling and predicting the bench blasting and blasting width of the surface mine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the width of a blasting pile in the step blasting of the existing surface mine is difficult to predict and cannot be coordinated and optimized with shovel loading, and provides a method for optimally controlling the width of the blasting pile in the step blasting of the surface mine, so that the shovel loading efficiency is improved, reverse transportation of ore rocks is avoided, the slope angle of a stope is increased, the rock stripping cost is reduced, and the production safety of the stope step is improved.
Experimental studies show that the main factors influencing the width L of the blasting pile are as follows: height h of charge segments in front row of blast holes on production step1Width W of chassis resistance line, residue remaining thickness S of blasting pile, blast hole blocking section blocking quality (including blocking section height h)2And compactness), as well as the charge structure, the rock mass characteristics, the explosive properties, and the detonation order. Determining the width L of a blasting pile in single-row hole blasting under certain conditions of lithology, explosive property, charging structure and the like0Two key variables whose values play a major role: h is1/W、h1V. (W + S), where h1W is the slag cleaning variable, h1V (W + S) is the retained slag variable.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for optimally controlling the bench blasting width of a surface mine, which is realized by the following steps:
1) according to the designed blasting hole network parameters: the method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging front rows of blast holes on production steps of an open-pit mine, wherein the number of the front rows of blast holes is controlled within a range of 3-5 according to field conditions; the width of the blast holes in the front row and the bottom of the step slope is the chassis resistance line width W; when the slag is left, the blasting width in the direction of the free surface in front of the production step is the slag remaining thickness S;
2) according to the designed charge amount, the explosive is charged into the charge section of the blast hole in the front row of the blast holes, and the height of the charge section of the blast hole is h1(ii) a Blocking in the blast hole blocking section, and strictly controlling the height h of the blast hole blocking section2And the compactness of plugging; then connecting with a detonating network, and detonating after checking without errors;
3) after blasting, measuring the width of the blasted pile by using a distance meter, a steel tape or other length measuring tools;
4) according to the steps, 15-35 times of field blasting tests are carried out according to two schemes of slag removal and slag retention of different lithologies, and the reliability of experimental data is improved;
in the step, regression analysis is preferably performed by using data of the blasting width L measured by field tests for 22-30 times. The accuracy and the reliability are influenced due to too few times; the times are too many, the field test time is long, and the cost is high.
5) The data of the blasting pile width measured in the step 3) and the step 4) are regressed to obtain the blasting pile width L and the ballast cleaning variable h during single-row hole blasting by adopting a regression analysis method1W and a slag retention variable h1The regression equation for (W + S):
during slag cleaning: l ═ A1+B1·(h1/W) in which A1And B1Is a regression value;
when the slag is left: l ═ A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]Wherein A is2And B2Is a regression value;
wherein the unit of each parameter is meter;
6) and then, blasting by adopting a plurality of rows of blast holes, and determining a calculation formula of the blasting pile width L of the blasting pile (5) according to the row number N of the blast holes and the row distance b of the blast holes in each blasting:
during slag cleaning: l ═ A1+B1·(h1/W)+(N-1)×b；
When the slag is left: l ═ A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]+(N-1)×b；
In the formula: n-the number of rows of blast holes, and the unit of other parameters is meter;
7) carrying out field blasting tests with different blast hole array numbers N, measuring the actual blasting pile width L, comparing the actual blasting pile width L with a formula calculation result, and verifying the accuracy of the calculation formula;
8) according to the obtained calculation formula of the blasting pile width L of the blasting pile and the change of field conditions, the blasting pile width of blasting of other steps is predicted, the adjustment of blasting parameters and the detonation direction is guided, the blasting safety is ensured, the blasting pile is prevented from rushing to the next step, and the shoveling efficiency is improved.
The test result shows that the invention carries out regression analysis through a large amount of field blasting test data and has high reliability and reliability through test verification.
The method for optimally controlling the bench blasting pile width of the surface mine has the following beneficial effects after adopting the technical scheme:
(1) can guide the optimization of blasting parameters, better control the width of the blasting pile, reduce the forward extension and downward throwing amount of the blasting pile and improve the shoveling and loading efficiency
(2) And the safety of side slope mining is ensured, the stope side slope angle is improved, the rock stripping amount is reduced, and the mining cost of mine blasting is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bench blasting plan layout for optimizing a method for controlling the bench blasting pile width of a surface mine according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bench blasting cross-sectional layout for optimizing the method for controlling the bench blasting pile width of a surface mine according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows the blasting pile width L and h of single row hole blasting in clearing slag1A relationship diagram of/W;
FIG. 4 shows the blasting pile width L and h of single row hole blasting when slag remains1/(W + S) in the figure.
The reference signs are: 1-producing steps; 2-blast hole; 3-charging section of blast hole, height h1(ii) a 4-blast hole blocking section, height h2(ii) a 5-blasting, width L; 6-step side slope.
Detailed Description
In order to better describe the invention, the method for optimally controlling the bench blasting pile width of the surface mine is further described in detail by combining the attached drawings and the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the schematic layout of the bench blasting plane of the method for optimally controlling the bench blasting pile width of the surface mine is combined with fig. 2, and the method for optimally controlling the bench blasting pile width of the surface mine is realized by the following processes and steps:
1) according to the designed blasting hole network parameters: the method comprises the steps of (1) arranging front rows of blast holes 2 on a production step 1 of the surface mine, wherein the number of the front rows of blast holes 2 is controlled within a range of 3-5 according to the field condition; the width of the front row of blast holes 2 and the bottom of the step slope 7 is the chassis resistance line width W; when the slag is left, the blasting width in the direction of the free surface in front of the production step 1 is the slag remaining thickness S;
2) according to the designed charge amount, the explosive is loaded into a blast hole charge section 3 in the front row of blast holes 2, and the height of the blast hole charge section 3 is h1(ii) a The blast hole is blocked in the blast hole blocking section 4, and the height h of the blast hole blocking section 4 is strictly controlled2And the compactness of plugging; then connecting with a detonating network, and detonating after checking without errors;
3) after blasting, measuring the width of the blasted pile by using a distance meter, a steel tape or other length measuring tools;
4) according to the steps, 15-35 times of field blasting tests are carried out according to two schemes of slag removal and slag retention of different lithologies, and the reliability of experimental data is improved; in the step 2), 22 to 30 field tests are preferably adopted.
5) The data of the blasting pile width measured in the step 3) and the step 4) are regressed to obtain the blasting pile width L and the ballast cleaning variable h during single-row hole blasting by adopting a regression analysis method1W and a slag retention variable h1The regression equation for (W + S):
during slag cleaning: l ═ A1+B1·(h1/W) in which A1And B1Is a regression value;
when the slag is left: l ═ A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]Wherein A is2And B2Is a regression value;
wherein the unit of each parameter is meter;
6) and then, blasting by adopting a plurality of rows of blast holes, and determining a calculation formula of the blasting pile width L of the blasting pile 5 according to the row number N of the blast holes and the row distance b of the blast holes in each blasting:
during slag cleaning: l ═ A1+B1·(h1/W)+(N-1)×b；
When the slag is left: l ═ A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]+(N-1)×b；
In the formula: n-the number of rows of blast holes, and the unit of other parameters is meter;
7) carrying out field blasting tests with different blast hole array numbers N, measuring the actual blasting pile width L, comparing the actual blasting pile width L with a formula calculation result, and verifying the accuracy of the calculation formula;
8) according to the obtained calculation formula of the blasting pile width L of the blasting pile 5 and the change of field conditions, the blasting pile width of blasting of other steps is predicted, the adjustment of blasting parameters and the detonation direction is guided, the blasting safety is ensured, the blasting pile is prevented from rushing to the next step, and the shoveling efficiency is improved.
The implementation case is as follows: 500 ten thousand tons of large-scale open-air iron ore are produced in a certain year, the diameter of a blast hole is 250mm, and powdery emulsion explosive is adopted; the pitch of holes is 6.5-7 m during slag cleaning blasting, and the row pitch b is 5.6-6 m; the distance between the ballast blasting holes is 6-6.5 m, and the row distance b is 5.2-5.6 m; the width W of the chassis resistance line is 8 m-8.5 m, and the ultra-deep is 2 m. The detonation scheme adopts oblique line detonation, and the row number N of blast holes in each blasting is 2-4 rows.
1) When cleaning slag, h1The ratio of W to L is controlled to be 0.45-0.71, and the blasting pile width L and h during single-row hole blasting are obtained through a large number of field tests1The relational equation of/W, L ═ 5.2268+39.199 · (h)1W), the width L and h of the blasting pile of single row hole blasting during clearing the slag as shown in figure 31A relationship diagram of/W.
When the multi-row hole is blasted, the width L of the blasting pile is-5.2268 +39.199 (h)1/W)+(N-1)×5.8。
Through multiple field verification, the accuracy of the explosive width calculation formula is over 95%, and the variation range deviation is within +50 cm.
2) When slag remains, h1The ratio of W to W is controlled to be 0.45-0.77, and the blasting pile width L during single-row blast hole blasting is obtained through a large number of field tests0And h1V (W + S) equation, L-14.469 +41.958 [ h/(W + S)]The blasting width L and h of single row hole blasting in residue retention as shown in FIG. 41/(W + S) in the figure.
When the multi-row hole is blasted, the width L of the blasting pile is-14.469 +41.958 h1/(W+S)]+(N-1)×5.5
Through multiple field verification, the accuracy of the explosive width calculation formula is more than 96%, and the variation range deviation is within +45 cm.
By controlling the width of the blasting pile of the step blasting, the platform width is controlled within 8m, the stope slope angle is improved by 4.3 degrees, steep-side mining is realized, the quantity of stripped rocks is reduced by over 230 million tons every year, and remarkable economic benefit is obtained.
Claims (2)
1. A method for optimally controlling the bench blasting pile width of a surface mine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) according to the designed blasting hole network parameters: the method comprises the steps of (1) arranging front rows of blast holes (2) on a production step (1) of the surface mine, wherein the number of the blast holes (2) is controlled within the range of 3-5 according to the field condition; the width of the front row of blast holes (2) and the bottom of the step slope (7) is the chassis resistance line width W; when the slag is left, the blasting width in the direction of the free surface in front of the production step (1) is the slag thickness S;
2) according to the designed charge amount, the explosive is charged into a blast hole charge section (3) in the blast holes (2) in the front row, and the height of the blast hole charge section (3) is h1(ii) a The blast hole is blocked in the blast hole blocking section (4), and the height h of the blast hole blocking section (4) is strictly controlled2And the compactness of plugging; then connecting with a detonating network, and detonating after checking without errors;
3) after blasting, measuring the width of the blasted pile by using a distance meter, a steel tape or other length measuring tools;
4) according to the steps, 15-35 times of field blasting tests are carried out according to two schemes of slag removal and slag retention of different lithologies, and the reliability of experimental data is improved;
5) the data of the blasting pile width measured in the step 3) and the step 4) are regressed to obtain the blasting pile width L and the ballast cleaning variable h during single-row hole blasting by adopting a regression analysis method1W and a slag retention variable h1The regression equation for (W + S):
during slag cleaning: l = A1+B1·(h1/W) in which A1And B1Is a regression value;
when the slag is left: l = A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]Wherein A is2And B2Is a regression value;
wherein the unit of each parameter is meter;
6) and then, blasting by adopting a plurality of rows of blast holes, and determining a calculation formula of the blasting pile width L of the blasting pile (5) according to the row number N of the blast holes and the row distance b of the blast holes in each blasting:
during slag cleaning: l = A1+B1·(h1/W)+ (N-1)×b；
When the slag is left: l = A2+B2·[h1/(W+S)]+(N-1)×b；
In the formula: n-the number of rows of blast holes, and the unit of other parameters is meter;
7) carrying out field blasting tests with different blast hole array numbers N, measuring the actual blasting pile width L, comparing the actual blasting pile width L with a formula calculation result, and verifying the accuracy of the calculation formula;
8) according to the obtained calculation formula of the blasting pile width L of the blasting pile (5), the blasting pile width of blasting of other steps is predicted according to the change of field conditions, the adjustment of blasting parameters and the blasting direction is guided, the blasting safety is ensured, the blasting pile is prevented from rushing to the next step, and the shoveling efficiency is improved.
2. The method for optimally controlling the bench blasting burst width of a surface mine according to claim 1, wherein the step blasting burst width comprises the following steps: in the single-row blast hole field blasting test in the step 5), regression analysis is carried out by adopting the data of the blasting pile width L measured by the field test for 22-30 times.
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| CN110806155A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-18 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for optimizing explosive distribution |
| CN110823028B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-03-25 | 张�杰 | Method for optimally controlling bench blasting width of surface mine |
| CN111426246A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-17 | 南阳市神威爆破工程有限公司 | Ore slope blasting optimization method |
| CN114741906B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-23 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for calculating annular blast hole blasting parameters |
| CN115479512B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-08-22 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Intelligent drilling and blasting pile large block rate optimization method for strip mine |
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