CN109504631B - 一株产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌及其应用 - Google Patents
一株产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109504631B CN109504631B CN201811545869.9A CN201811545869A CN109504631B CN 109504631 B CN109504631 B CN 109504631B CN 201811545869 A CN201811545869 A CN 201811545869A CN 109504631 B CN109504631 B CN 109504631B
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- bacillus amyloliquefaciens
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种解淀粉芽孢杆菌是(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS‑1,该菌株已于2011年12月14日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.5591。并提供了该菌株在秸秆发酵制取动物饲料领域的应用。试验表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS‑1 CGMCC No.5591是一株产酸能力高、应用效果明显、适用性强的产芽孢细菌菌株。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌及其应用,尤其涉及一株能够产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌及其在秸秆发酵制取动物饲料领域中的应用。
背景技术
乳酸菌是指能从葡萄糖或乳糖的发酵过程中产生乳酸的细菌。乳酸菌(LAB)根据发酵类型可分为:同型发酵LAB(Homolactic,hoLAB)和异型发酵LAB(Heterolactic,heLAB),hoLAB发酵葡萄糖只产生乳酸的LAB;heLAB发酵葡萄糖产生多种发酵产物。从理论上来说,只产生乳酸的菌株更受欢迎,因为1mol/L葡萄糖通过糖酵解(EMP)途径,产生2 mol/L丙酮酸,然后丙酮酸转化为2 mol/L乳酸和2 mol/L的腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(ATP),减少了能量和干物质的损失,这同其他发酵类型相比大大降低了能量的消耗。heLAB产生多种代谢产物,如乳酸、乙酸、乙醇、CO2。由于heLAB菌株缺乏2-磷酸果糖醛缩酶,6-磷酸葡萄糖只能通过6-磷酸葡萄酸被代谢,而不能被转化成6-磷酸果糖,在此过程中1分子葡萄糖代谢只产生1分子乳酸,1 分子乙醇,以及1分子CO2,这就表明有大量的碳源以CO2的形式损失。
乳酸菌在畜牧业领域应用广泛,可以作为青贮饲料的添加剂。在自然界中,植物上所附着的乳酸菌数量通常较少。因此,可加入能迅速增殖的hoLAB来主导青贮发酵。Wieringa和Beck认为,青贮添加剂中的菌株必须是能战胜作物本身所附着的各种菌群,且为hoLAB;同时这些菌株必须具有耐酸性,在青贮中可以迅速繁殖,使青贮酸性快速下降,它们必须可以广泛的利用各种可溶性糖,不应降解有机酸,在较大的温度范围及多种条件下均可生长,且不具有过度的蛋白质水解酶活性。
乳酸菌的另一个应用是有些乳酸菌可以利用果聚糖作为碳水化合物来源。果聚糖是牧草中一种主要的可溶性碳水化合物(WSC),是一种果糖聚合物, 在温带牧草中果聚糖的含量约占WSC的90 %。但是植物中所附着的LAB对果聚糖的降解利用非常低。因此筛选并培养具有高含量果聚糖水解酶的菌株加入青贮中,可以加速发酵进程,尤其在碳水化合物供应相对较弱的初始发酵阶段,增加LAB生长所需的发酵底物,使青贮pH迅速下降,抑制酵母菌、丁酸菌等不利于青贮保藏的微生物的生长。
目前在微贮过程中使用的乳酸菌为乳酸肠球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、乳酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌等,这些菌株均不产生芽孢,菌剂均使用菌体,所以活性保存期短,一般不超过半年,甚至更短,严重影响其使用效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一株能够产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌。
本发明所提供的解淀粉芽孢杆菌是(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1,该菌株已于2011年12月14日 保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.5591。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591的基因组DNA具有如下特异序列:
AGGTGACCGT TGAAATATAA TAGCCTCCCG ATGCCGCCAT GGAGCCCATG GATACATAAA 60
TCGGTTTCTT CGTTTCTTTC TTTAGTTCTT CCAGTTTTTT ATGTATTTCC GCGCTTTCGT 120
ACACGCCTCC GCCAGGGGAA TTGATTTTCA GCACAATTCC TTTGACGCTT TTGTCTTCTT 180
TCGCACGCTC AACCTGTTTT AAAAATGATC TGTGATCATA CCCGCCTGAG CTGAGCAGGC240。
本发明的另一个目的是提供解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591在秸秆发酵制取动物饲料领域的应用。
试验表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591是一株产酸能力高、应用效果明显、适用性强的产芽孢细菌菌株。
附图说明
图1解淀粉芽孢杆菌的溶钙圈;
图2 纸层析色谱展开图;
图3解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591的发育树。
具体实施方式
实施例一:解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591的筛选与保藏
1、培养基
MRS培养基:胰蛋白胨10.0 g,牛肉膏10.0 g,酵母膏5.0 g,葡萄糖20.0 g,柠檬酸铵5.0 g,KH2PO4 2.0 g,NaAc 5.0 g,吐温-80(Tween-80)1.0 g,MgSO4 0.5 g,MnSO4 0.2 g,蒸馏水1000mL,调pH6.0~6.5。固体MRS培养基加2 %左右琼脂[17]。
MRS-CaCO3培养基:在已经配置好的MRS培养基中掺入2%左右的CaCO3固体。
牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基(NA):牛肉膏5.0 g,蛋白胨10.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,琼脂15g,蒸馏水1000 mL,pH7.2~7.4。用于拮抗细菌的培养。
产芽孢基础培养基:蛋白胨1.0 %,葡萄糖1.0 %,K2HPO4·12H2O 0.1%,CaCl20.02%,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2~7.4。
2、微生物菌群来源
牛粪便(河北农业大学养殖场);健康小尾寒羊的新鲜粪便;成年公鸡新鲜盲肠、十二指肠、粪便(由河北农业大学动物标本园采集)
3、富集培养和初筛
取所采粪便样品1.0 g内含物置于含放线菌酮母液的MRS培养液中,37℃培养20h后,取1.0 mL发酵液装于9.0 mL无菌水的试管中,经90℃加热处理15 min。混匀取1.0 mL进行梯度稀释,得到一系列不同浓度的稀释液。分别取10-4、10-5、10-6浓度梯度的稀释液0.1mL涂布到MRS培养基平板上,置于37℃恒温箱培养24h。挑取单菌落转接到MRS培养基斜面上,编号,置于37℃恒温培养24h。
用竹签挑取斜面上的菌体,用画十字法将菌体接到含病原菌的MRS平板上,置于37℃恒温培养24h。挑选出形成抑菌圈的菌株,置于-4℃冰箱保存备用。筛选的菌株同时应在MRS培养基平板上划线检查纯度。
同时,可以用MRS-CaCO3优化培养基,同样以画十字的方法接种,适温培养。乳酸菌发酵产物呈弱酸性,在培养基上可以形成类似抑菌圈的透明环。
以上试验均设计3次重复。
经试验共筛选到具有抑菌活性并能产生溶钙圈的菌株9株。分别命名为 N-16,N-45,Y-5,J-21,J-2,Y-6,N-10,Y-17,RS-1。
4、复筛
将初筛得到的菌株扩培,转接到MRS培养基斜面上,置于37℃恒温培养24h活化菌株。将活化后的菌株接种MRS培养液37℃静置培养48h后,以10000r/min,4℃离心5min,取上清液,一方面用于纸层析、乳酸浓度测定,另一方面,上清液点于MRS-碳酸钙平板考察产乳酸含量。菌株的溶钙圈见图1。
5、产物测定
1)纸层析法:展开剂为正丁醇:甲酸:水=80:15:5。毛细管吸取发酵上清液,多次点样于30CM新华滤纸上,以1.5%标准乳酸作为对照,平衡2小时后层析,3%溴甲酚蓝显色,计算Rf值。结果如图2所示。
2)乳酸浓度的测定
在不耦合的发酵中,用CaCO3来中和发酵产生的L-乳酸,控制pH值。因此,反应器中乳酸基本上以乳酸钙的形式存在,故可以通过测定Ca2+的浓度来测乳酸浓度(EDTA定钙法)。
取1mL发酵上清液液于250mL锥形瓶中,再加入50mL去离子水,5mL6.5%的KOH溶液及20mg左右的钙羧酸指示剂[1.0 g钙羧酸指示剂(钙指示剂;钙羧酸;钙试剂羧酸;钙红;3-羟基-4-(2-羟基-4-磺基-1-萘基偶氮)萘-2-羧酸;1-(2-羟基-4-磺基-1-萘基偶氮)-2-羟基-3-萘甲酸)和100 g氯化钠混匀],摇匀后用标定好的0.02 N的EDTA滴定,溶液由紫红变为蓝色即为滴定终点。
乳酸浓度(g/L)= 90.08×NEDTA×V
式中V——消耗的EDTA溶液的体积,mL
结果见表1,其中菌株RS-1产酸能力最强,为0.32g/L。该菌株已于2011年12月14日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.5591。
实施例二:解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591的种属鉴定
根据菌株的菌落形态特征、菌体形态特征、革兰氏染色性状、芽孢染色性状,有关生理生化鉴别试验,参照《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》、《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》进行属和种的鉴定。
1、菌落特征和菌体形态特征
根据NA培养基上生长的菌株RS-1的菌落形态,初步判断其为细菌菌落,培养24h的菌落为不透明的暗黄色,呈近圆形,边缘不整齐,表面有皱摺,中间有突起。
菌株RS-1经染色后置于光学显微镜下观察,菌体呈杆状,革兰氏染色呈阳性,芽孢呈椭圆形中生。
2、生理生化性质鉴定
糖、醇类发酵培养基:(NH4)2HPO4 1.0 g,KCl 0.2 g,MgSO4 0.2 g,酵母0.2 g,琼脂5~6 g,糖或醇类10.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,溴甲酚紫(0.04%)15 mL,pH7.0~7.2。
甲基红(M.R)试验培养基:蛋白胨5.0 g,葡萄糖5.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.0~7.2。
V-P试验培养基:蛋白胨5.0 g,葡萄糖5.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,pH7.0~7.2。
淀粉水解培养基:蛋白胨10.0 g,牛肉膏5.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,可溶性淀粉2.0 g,pH7.2~7.4。
硝酸盐还原试验培养基:KNO3 1.0 g,蛋白胨10.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,牛肉膏3.0 g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.0~7.6。
亚硝酸盐还原试验培养基:牛肉膏10.0 g,NaNO2 5.0 g,蛋白胨5.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,pH7.3~7.4。
产氨试验培养基:蛋白胨5.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,pH7.2。
脲酶培养基:NaCl 5.0 g,KH2PO4 2.0 g,蛋白胨1.0 g,葡萄糖1.0 g,酚红(0.2%酚红溶液) 6 mL,琼脂20.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,pH6.8~6.9。
吲哚试验培养基:1.0 %胰胨水溶液,pH7.2~7.6。
苯丙氨基酸脱氨酶培养基:NaCl 5.0 g,Na2HPO4 1.0 g,DL-苯丙氨酸2.0 g(或L-苯丙氨酸)1.0 g,酵母膏3.0 g,琼脂12.0 g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.0。
明胶液化试验培养基:蛋白胨5.0 g,明胶100~150g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH7.2~7.4。
脂酶(Tween-80)试验培养基:蛋白胨10.0 g,NaCl 5.0 g,CaCl2.7H2O 0.1g,琼脂9.0 g,蒸馏水1000 mL,pH7.4。
参照东秀珠等的《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》对菌株进行生理生化实验。主要进行H2S产生试验、吲哚试验、明胶液化试验、过氧化氢酶(接触酶)试验、氨基酸脱羧酶试验、淀粉水解、V-P(乙酰甲基甲醇)试验、M.R(甲基红,Methyl Red)试验、柠檬酸盐利用、石蕊牛奶分解、糖、醇发酵、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶、产氨试验、脲酶(尿素水解)试验、亚硝酸盐还原试验、硝酸盐还原试验和荧光色素试验。
试验结果见表2。
3、DNA提取和16S rDNA基因扩增
参考Kim等和Rainey等的方法提取细菌总DNA。1%琼脂糖电泳检测。
引物为通用引物,正向引物为27F:5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGG CTCAG-3’,反向引物为1495R:5’-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA-3’。
PCR反应体系:DNA(70ng/μL)模板2μL;dNTP Mixture(2.5 mmol/L)2.5μL;27F(20μmol/L)1.5μL;1495F(20μmol/L)1.5μL;10×ExTaq Buffer(Mg2+ pluse)5μL;ExTaq DNA聚合酶 0.2μL;补足ddH2O到50μL。
PCR条件为:94℃预变性3min;然后94℃变性1min、55℃退火1min、72℃延伸3min,共30 个循环;最后72℃延伸5min。PCR 产物经试剂盒纯化后,送上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司测序。
将所测得的16S rDNA序列用BLAST软件与GenBank数据库进行相似性分析,并与GenBank中的相近序列在Clustal X(1.8)程序包中进行多重序列匹配排列(Multiplealignments)分析,最后形成一个多重序列匹配排列阵,其中形成的缺口用横杠“-”填补,用Neighbor- Joining法构建系统发育树。
4、种属鉴定
通过对RS-1菌株的形态特征和生理生化特性鉴定的结果,对照《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》和《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》,鉴定其为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillusamyloliquefacien),16S rDNA序列相似度达99.92%、生理生化特征相似度达98%。
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591的发育树如图3所示。
实施例三:分子标记
1、菌株DNA提取及RAPD特异标记的筛选
用CTAB法提取各实验菌株和参试标准菌株的基因组DNA。利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度计检测样品的纯度及浓度,然后用TE缓冲液稀释成100 ng·μL-1备用。采用上海生工生物工程有限公司合成的30条随机引物对各菌株进行RAPD扩增。用筛选到的16个引物,以各实验菌株和参试菌株(表1)基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增。PCR反应体系:总体系为20μL,其中ddH2O 14.2μL,10×PCR Buffer(with Mg2+)2μL,10μmol/L引物1μL,5U/μlTap DNA聚合酶0.2μL,2.5mmol/L dNTP1.6μL,模板DNA1.0μL。扩增反应过程为:95℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s,36℃退火40s,72℃延伸1.5min,循环40次,最后72℃延伸5min。取扩增产物5μL电泳检测,筛选各菌株的RAPD特异条带。
2、特异片段的回收及克隆
使用DNA胶回收试剂盒切胶回收筛选到的RAPD特异条带,电泳检测后16℃水浴连接到pMD19-T载体上,然后热激法转化感受态细胞DH5α,均匀涂布于含100μg/mL氨苄西林钠(Amp)的LB琼脂平板上,挑取单个菌落进行菌落PCR。将菌落PCR阳性的克隆送宝锐通生物科技(北京)有限公司测序。
3、SCAR标记的转化和验证
通过对测序结果分析利用Primer Premier5.0软件,设计一对SCAR引物N1/N2。利用合成的引物N1/N2,以各菌株和参试菌株(表1)基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,验证SCAR标记的准确性,同时以细菌16S rDNA片段作为对照。取扩增产物5μL进行电泳检测。
4、结果
解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591的基因组DNA具有如下特异序列:
AGGTGACCGT TGAAATATAA TAGCCTCCCG ATGCCGCCAT GGAGCCCATG GATACATAAA 60
TCGGTTTCTT CGTTTCTTTC TTTAGTTCTT CCAGTTTTTT ATGTATTTCC GCGCTTTCGT 120
ACACGCCTCC GCCAGGGGAA TTGATTTTCA GCACAATTCC TTTGACGCTT TTGTCTTCTT 180
TCGCACGCTC AACCTGTTTT AAAAATGATC TGTGATCATA
实施例四:在秸秆发酵领域的应用
将菌株转接到NB培养基中,37℃、转速200 r·min-1条件下培养24h得到种子液。
准确称取粉碎至2cm左右的玉米秸秆20g,置于250mL烧杯中,121℃,湿热灭菌15min。按10%的接菌量加入种子液2mL,并加入18mL无菌水水,即玉米秸秆施“水”比1:1,混匀。37℃发酵,第48h测定秸秆中的乳酸含量。
菌株产乳酸含量测定方法为:
取1g粉碎混匀的秸秆置于三角瓶中,加入50 mL蒸馏水浸泡2h,浸取完全后过滤。滤液中加1.5g左右的CaCO3 ,充分振荡,滤渣用少量蒸馏水洗涤三次,合并滤液定容至100mL。吸取10mL滤液再加入5mL6.5%KOH及约20mg钙指示剂,用0.02N EDTA溶液滴定至由紫红色变为蓝色,即为终点。
乳酸含量的计算公式:乳酸含量(g/Kg秸秆)=90.08×NEDTA×V×10
式中V——消耗的EDTA溶液的体积,mL;
N——EDTA溶液的浓度;乳酸含量为:10.28g/Kg秸秆。
序列表
<110> 河北农业大学
<120> 一株产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌及其应用
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 240
<212> DNA
<213> 解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)
<400> 1
aggtgaccgt tgaaatataa tagcctcccg atgccgccat ggagcccatg gatacataaa 60
tcggtttctt cgtttctttc tttagttctt ccagtttttt atgtatttcc gcgctttcgt 120
acacgcctcc gccaggggaa ttgattttca gcacaattcc tttgacgctt ttgtcttctt 180
tcgcacgctc aacctgtttt aaaaatgatc tgtgatcata cccgcctgag ctgagcaggc 240
Claims (2)
1.产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591。
2.产乳酸的解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)RS-1 CGMCC No.5591在秸秆发酵制取动物饲料领域中的应用。
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