CN109503983A - 一种环保阻燃pvc发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保阻燃pvc发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109503983A
CN109503983A CN201811228554.1A CN201811228554A CN109503983A CN 109503983 A CN109503983 A CN 109503983A CN 201811228554 A CN201811228554 A CN 201811228554A CN 109503983 A CN109503983 A CN 109503983A
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周健
杨菁菁
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Jiangsu University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种环保阻燃PVC发泡材料及其制备方法，该无卤阻燃PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂(SG‑5)100份，复合发泡剂为6～20份，复合润滑剂1.2～5.0份，无卤阻燃剂80～140份，复合稳定剂4～8份，增塑剂5～10份，改性剂5～10份，其中复合发泡剂由AC发泡剂、碳酸氢钠发泡剂和氧化锌助发泡剂按照4～15∶1～3：1的重量比组成，复合润滑剂由聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、氧化聚乙烯按照3∶3∶2的比例组成，无卤阻燃剂为氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝，所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂，所述的增塑剂为磷酸二苯一辛酯；所述的改性剂为甲基聚丙烯酸酯ACR。

Description

一种环保阻燃PVC发泡材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高分子材料及其制备方法，具体涉及一种环保阻燃PVC发泡材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC为聚氯乙烯聚合物。随助剂用量不同，分为软、硬聚氯乙烯，软制品柔而韧，手感粘，硬制品的硬度高于低密度聚乙烯，而低于聚丙烯。被广泛用于板材、管材、鞋底、玩具、门窗、电线外皮、文具等领域。
目前改性PVC材料品种很多，主要是根据材料的应用性能进行改性。如采用填充剂(如碳酸钙、滑石粉等)改性PVC，可降低其成本；采用发泡剂制得PVC发泡材料，可作为建筑装饰、地板、家具材料等。虽然硬质PVC材料有一定阻燃效果，但在燃烧过程中产生大量有毒黑色烟雾在，易产生次生灾害，特定的场合下不能满足工程应用需要。
本发明采用氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂，采用磷酸二苯一辛酯阻燃性增塑剂，制备环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料，是一种新型高分子发泡材料，具有卓越的低烟环保性能。本发明利用聚丙烯酸酯ACR与PVC进行熔融共混，即可获得具有良好力学性能、阻燃性能好的环保阻燃PVC发泡材料，并符合《ROHS》指令要求，满足特定应用领域的应用需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于解决上述问题，提供一种具有使用方法简便、灵活，可满足特定应用要求的产品生产，同时具有较好的力学性能、阻燃性能、低烟、生产成本较低、生产工序简单的环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料的制备方法。
本发明提供一种环保阻燃PVC发泡材料，该PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂100份，复合发泡剂为6～20份，复合润滑剂1.2～5.0份，无卤阻燃剂80～140份，复合稳定剂4～8份，增塑剂5～10份，改性剂5～10份。
优选的本发明所述PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂100份，复合发泡剂为7份，复合润滑剂4份，无卤阻燃剂100份，复合稳定剂6份，增塑剂7份，改性剂8份。
优选的本发明所述PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂100份，复合发泡剂为7份，复合润滑剂4份，无卤阻燃剂120份，复合稳定剂6份，增塑剂7份，改性剂8份。
优选的本发明所述PVC树脂为SG-5型。
优选的本发明所述的复合发泡剂由AC发泡剂、碳酸氢钠发泡剂和氧化锌助发泡剂按照4～12∶1～3：1的重量比组成；所述复合润滑剂由聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、氧化聚乙烯按照3∶3∶2的重量比组成；所述的无卤阻燃剂为氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝；所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；所述的增塑剂为磷酸二苯一辛酯；所述的改性剂为甲基聚丙烯酸酯ACR。
优选的本发明所述复合发泡剂由AC发泡剂、碳酸氢钠发泡剂、氧化锌助发泡剂按照4：2：1的重量比组成。
本发明还提供了PVC发泡材料的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按照配方称取PVC树脂、复合发泡剂、复合润滑剂、无卤阻燃剂、复合稳定剂、增塑剂、改性剂倒入混合机中高速混合8～10min，混合机加热温度80～90℃，出料，得到环保阻燃PVC发泡材料混合物料；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的环保阻燃PVC发泡材料混合物料送入到双辊开炼机塑炼成片，双辊开炼时间5～7min，双辊加热温度150～160℃，得到环保阻燃PVC片材；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环保阻燃PVC片材裁剪，叠加装模，放入压片机加热加压，模塑发泡，得到环保阻燃PVC发泡材料。
优选的本发明制备方法所述的步骤(3)中压片机加热温度为：T＝180～190℃；加压的压力为：2～5MPa，加热时间：7～10min。
本发明还提供了该PVC发泡材料在室内装饰、家具或地板制造中的应用。
本发明具有的积极效果：
1.本发明采用氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝作为阻燃剂制备环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料，具有以下优点：
(1)氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝在PVC燃烧过程中，能分解产生的水有效降低燃烧温度，减缓燃烧速度，能够获得良好的环保阻燃PVC发泡材料阻燃效果；
(2)氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝能有效降低环保阻燃PVC发泡材料的烟密度；
(3)氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝价格便宜，能有效降低环保阻燃PVC发泡材料生产成本。
2.本发明的环保阻燃PVC发泡材料采用磷酸二苯一辛酯作为增塑剂，解决了硬质PVC发泡材料加工温度高，发泡工艺控制困难的问题，同时提高PVC发泡材料的阻燃性。
3.采用本发明环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料配方体系制备的PVC发泡材料质量指标符合欧盟颁布的《ROHS》指令。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料由下述重量的组分制成：
PVC树脂：100kg，复合发泡剂：7kg(AC发泡剂、碳酸氢钠发泡剂和氧化锌助发泡剂按照4∶2：1的重量比组成)，复合润滑剂：4kg(聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、氧化聚乙烯按照1.5∶1.5∶1的重量比组成)，氢氧化镁：100kg，磷酸二苯一辛酯：1kg，钙锌复合稳定剂：6kg，ACR改性剂：8kg。
上述环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料的制备方法具有以下步骤：
(1)将按照配方称取PVC树脂、复合发泡剂、复合润滑剂、无卤阻燃剂、复合稳定剂、增塑剂、改性剂倒入混合机中高速混合10min，混合机加热温度85℃，出料，得到环保阻燃PVC发泡材料混合物料；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的环保阻燃PVC发泡材料混合物料送入到双辊开炼机塑炼成片，双辊开炼时间6min，双辊加热温度160℃，得到环保阻燃PVC片材。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环保阻燃PVC片材裁剪，叠加装模，放入压片机加热加压，压片机加热温度为：T＝185℃；压力为：3MPa，加热时间：8min，模塑发泡，得到环保阻燃PVC发泡材料。
实施例2～实施例6
各实施例的环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料的制备方法与实施例1相同，不同之处在于各组分的重量配比，具体见表1。
表1：实施例1～6组方配比
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
PVC树脂 100kg 100kg 100kg 100kg 100kg 100kg
AC发泡剂 4kg 4kg 4kg 4kg 4kg 5kg
碳酸氢钠发泡剂 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg 2kg
氧化锌助发泡剂 1kg 1kg 1kg 1kg 1kg 1kg
聚乙烯蜡 0.43kg 0.43kg 0.43kg 0.43kg 0.43kg 0.43kg
硬脂酸 0.17kg 0.17kg 0.17kg 0.17kg 0.17kg 0.17kg
氧化聚乙烯 12kg 12kg 12kg 12kg 12kg 12kg
氢氧化镁 100kg 120kg 100kg 100kg 120kg 100kg
钙锌复合稳定剂 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg 6kg
磷酸二苯一辛酯 7kg 7kg 10kg 7kg 7kg 7kg
ACR改性剂 8kg 8kg 8kg 10kg 10kg 10kg
将实施例1～实施例6制得的环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料，制备标准试样，并按国家标准对该标准试样进行阻燃性能、力学性能、烟密度、密度测试，测试结果见表2。
表2：实施例1～6组方制得环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料测试结果
测试性能 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
拉伸强度/MPa 11.27 11.02 10.32 10.53 11.01 10.01
弯曲强度/MPa 21.34 22.74 19.53 19.12 21.63 21.63
弹性模量/MPa 1867 2005 1673 1658 1987 1990
冲击强度KJ/m<sup>2</sup> 3.36 3.06 4.26 5.26 5.01 5.01
密度/g·cm<sup>-3</sup> 1.247 1.252 1.231 1.240 1.252 1.198
氧指数/％ 55.8 57.7 56.1 55.1 57.7 57.7
烟密度(MSD) 34.34 28.24 33.06 33.82 28.24 28.24
烟密度(SDR) 23.11 20.10 22.10 22.51 20.10 20.10
对比例试验
对比例的环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料的制备方法与实施例1和实施例3相同，不同之处是将重质碳酸钙、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯作对比，具体见表3。
表3：实施例1、实施例2、对比例1、对比例2、对比例3配方表
将制成的对比例环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料，制备标准试样，并按国家标准对该标准试样进行阻燃性能、力学性能、烟密度、密度测试，测试结果见表4。
表4：实施例1、实施例2与对比例1、对比例2、对比例3制得环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料测试结果
测试性能 实施例1 实施例2 对比例1 对比例2 对比例3
拉伸强度/MPa 11.27 11.02 11.31 11.81 11.64
弯曲强度/MPa 21.34 22.74 21.14 21.54 21.11
弹性模量/MPa 1867 2005 1853 1942 1910
冲击强度KJ/m<sup>2</sup> 3.36 3.06 3.01 2.93 3.93
密度/g·cm<sup>-3</sup> 1.247 1.252 1.249 1.275 1.285
氧指数/％ 55.8 57.7 39.2 39.8 37.7
烟密度(MSD) 34.34 28.24 89.76 85.39 84.19
烟密度(SDR) 23.11 20.10 74.02 72.12 71.04
由表4可知：实施例1、实施例2与对比例1、对比例2、对比例3比较可见，本发明采用氢氧化镁作阻燃剂和磷酸二苯一辛酯增塑剂与重质碳酸钙和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯增塑剂比较，能有效提高环保型阻燃PVC发泡材料的氧指数、降低其烟密度，即阻燃效果和降低烟密度效果明显高于普通PVC发泡材料体系。

Claims (9)

1.一种环保阻燃PVC发泡材料，其特征在于，该PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂100份，复合发泡剂为6～20份，复合润滑剂1.2～5.0份，无卤阻燃剂80～140份，复合稳定剂4～8份，增塑剂5～10份，改性剂5～10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡材料，其特征在于，该PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂100份，复合发泡剂为7份，复合润滑剂4份，无卤阻燃剂100份，复合稳定剂6份，增塑剂7份，改性剂8份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡材料，其特征在于，该PVC发泡材料由下述重量份的组分组成：PVC树脂100份，复合发泡剂为7份，复合润滑剂4份，无卤阻燃剂120份，复合稳定剂6份，增塑剂7份，改性剂8份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的PVC发泡材料，其特征在于，所述PVC树脂为SG-5型。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的PVC发泡材料，其特征在于，所述的复合发泡剂由AC发泡剂、碳酸氢钠发泡剂和氧化锌助发泡剂按照4～12∶1～3：1的重量比组成；所述复合润滑剂由聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、氧化聚乙烯按照3∶3∶2的重量比组成；所述的无卤阻燃剂为氢氧化镁或氢氧化铝；所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；所述的增塑剂为磷酸二苯一辛酯；所述的改性剂为甲基聚丙烯酸酯ACR。
6.根据权利要求5所述的PVC发泡材料，其特征在于，所述复合发泡剂由AC发泡剂、碳酸氢钠发泡剂、氧化锌助发泡剂按照4：2：1的重量比组成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的PVC发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将按照配方称取PVC树脂、复合发泡剂、复合润滑剂、无卤阻燃剂、复合稳定剂、增塑剂、改性剂倒入混合机中高速混合8～10min，混合机加热温度80～90℃，出料，得到环保阻燃PVC发泡材料混合物料；
(2)将步骤(1)所得的环保阻燃PVC发泡材料混合物料送入到双辊开炼机塑炼成片，双辊开炼时间5～7min，双辊加热温度150～160℃，得到环保阻燃PVC片材；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的环保阻燃PVC片材裁剪，叠加装模，放入压片机加热加压，模塑发泡，得到环保阻燃PVC发泡材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中压片机加热温度为：T＝180～190℃；加压的压力为：2～5MPa，加热时间：7～10min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的PVC发泡材料在室内装饰、家具或地板制造中的应用。
CN201811228554.1A 2018-10-22 2018-10-22 一种环保阻燃pvc发泡材料及其制备方法 Pending CN109503983A (zh)

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