CN109487280A - A kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent - Google Patents
A kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN109487280A CN109487280A CN201811596619.8A CN201811596619A CN109487280A CN 109487280 A CN109487280 A CN 109487280A CN 201811596619 A CN201811596619 A CN 201811596619A CN 109487280 A CN109487280 A CN 109487280A
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- stainless steel
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- cleaning
- steel cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
- C23G1/088—Iron or steel solutions containing organic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/50—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/04—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors
- C23G1/06—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors organic inhibitors
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent, are made of the raw material of following mass percent: citric acid 30-40%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.1-1%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) 1-5%, hydroxyacetic acid 3-8%, phosphoric acid 3-8%, nonionic surfactant 0.1-2%, 322H 0.5-3%, neopelex 0.5-1%, yttrium nitrate 0-0.5%, corrosion inhibiter 0.1-1%, excess water.Degreasing rust-removing passivator produced by the present invention has the characteristics that environmental protection, has no irritating odor, is avirulent, can significantly reduce the harm to personnel and environment, and production cost is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to stainless steel surface processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent.
Background technique
Austenitic stainless steel has the characteristics such as excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, resistance to low temperature, and purposes is very
It extensively, is one of the important steel material of each department of national economy development.Austenitic stainless steel is opened in aerospace, atomic energy, ocean
The industries such as hair, petrochemical industry, food processing, medical and health, household electrical appliance, kitchen utensil are widely used.Stainless steel
The corrosion resistance of product depends primarily on the quality of the passivating film of its surface formation, if passivating film is imperfect or defective,
The corrosion resistance of stainless steel products will reduce.Pickling, Passivation Treatment usually are carried out to stainless steel products in engineering, after processing
Product surface form one layer of passivating film uniformly, fine and close, be allowed to bright pure white.To improve the surface anticorrosion of stainless steel products
Quality extends the service life of product.Stainless steel equipment and component are in forming, assembling, welding, welding inspection (such as flaw detection, pressure resistance
Test) and construction label etc. during bring surface and oil contaminant, iron rust, nonmetallic dirt, low melting point metal contaminant, paint, weldering
Slag and splash etc..These pollutants not only influence the surface quality of stainless steel equipment and component, but also destroy its surface
Passivating film reduces the corrosion resistance of stainless steel.In order to improve the appearance and corrosion resistance of stainless steel, the stainless steel after processing is set
It is standby to carry out degreasing (cleaning), derusting (pickling) and Passivation Treatment with component.
Stainless steel surface degreasing, derusting and passivation, in addition to improving its corrosion resistance to greatest extent, also prevent contamination of products with
Obtain beautiful effect.The regulation in GB150 " steel pressure vessel " " has stainless steel and the clad steel plate manufacture of requirement for anticorrosion
The surface of container should carry out acid wash passivation ".For this regulation pressure vessel used in the petrochemical industry, because
These equipment are used for the occasion being directly in contact with corrosive medium, and collateral security corrosion resistance is set out, and propose that acid wash passivation is necessary.
To other industrial departments, it not such as is based only upon cleaning and aesthetic for corrosion protection purpose, and using stainless steel then without acid
Wash passivation.But still need to carry out acid wash passivation to the weld seam of stainless steel equipment.
Stainless steel degreasing generally uses chemical cleaning method.Cleaning agent used is many kinds of, and integrating can be divided into three classes:
Water base metal cleaning agent, solvent cleaner and alkaline cleaner.
Aqueous cleaning agent-main component is surfactant and inorganic assistant.Its cleaning function is mainly by means of surface
Activating agent wetting, infiltration, emulsification, dispersion, solubilising are used to clean all kinds of heavy oil stains come what is realized, itself have inhibition and antirust to make
With harmless, no pollution to the environment is moderate.
Solvent cleaner-main component is trichloro ethylene, trichorotrifluoroethane or carbon tetrachloride etc..Cleaning ability is strong, easily
Metal surface dirt is eliminated, but is harmful to the human body, therefore is usually used in closed cleaning.
Alkaline cleaner-main component is sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate and sodium phosphate etc..Cleaning ability is low.Often
For cleaning ferrous metal surface light soil and inorganic salt crust etc..
The main component of rust remover is mostly strong acid, and rapidly, cheap, simple process is preferably easily accepted by a user for effect.Disadvantage
Be it is strong to metal protection, acid mist during pickling is big, and harm to the human body is also larger, nickel containing heavy metal ion in pickling waste waters,
Chromium etc. pollutes environment.
The passivation of stainless steel is to be handled by chemical method stainless steel equipment or product, can be in stainless steel surface
A thin layer of passivating film is formed, does not change appearance, the size and shape of substrate substantially.Due to film build method difference, Cheng Yuanli
Also inconsistent, but be essentially all to generate one layer of fine and close protective film in stainless steel surface, make stainless steel substrate surface and corrosion
Medium is mechanically isolated.
Traditional passivation for stainless steel processing is that stainless steel product is immersed to concentrated nitric acid, the concentrated sulfuric acid, chromic acid etc. as Strong oxdiative
It is carried out in the solution of agent.Concentrated nitric acid is volatile in use, forms acid mist with the water in air, has strong corrosion
Property, the health of operator is adversely affected;In addition, concentrated nitric acid meeting natural decomposition under illumination condition goes out to have pollution to atmosphere
Nitrogen dioxide.Though the concentrated sulfuric acid does not have volatility, there is strong dehydration property, combustion-supporting property, user's skin can be caused to corrode.
Chromium class toxicity of compound is larger, and especially middle Cr VI has apparent carcinogenesis.Therefore, there are higher peaces for strong oxidizer
Full hidden danger, and operating condition requires harshness, this processing method has strong pungent smell.Not only bad for the body of worker
Heart health, and have destruction to environment.
What degreasing, derusting and the passivation of prior art stainless steel equipment or product usually carried out respectively, not only increase
Production cost reduces labor productivity, but also increases the occupation rate of workshop.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent, is made of the raw material of following mass percent: citric acid 30-
40%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.1-1%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) 1-5%, hydroxyacetic acid 3-8%, phosphoric acid 3-
8%, Sodium Polyacrylate 2-6%, nonionic surfactant 0.1-2%, 322H 0.5-3%, neopelex 0.5-
1%, yttrium nitrate 0-0.5%, corrosion inhibiter 0.1-1%, excess water.
The stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent uses within the scope of 20-45 DEG C, and scavenging period is 2-4 hours, initial stage when cleaning
Rapidly, the later period is slow, is conducive to quickly remove and destroy hidden point borrosion hole early period, the later period forms passivating film again.
The corrosion inhibiter is one of benzotriazole, thiocarbamide, hexa or a variety of.
The nonionic surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: citric acid of the present invention can remove stainless steel surface well
Oxide layer, and to the corrosivity very little of steel, oxygen of the citric acid in addition to stainless steel surface can be removed well in the present invention
Change outside layer, but also be passivator, replaces the inorganic acid of strong oxidizing property, citric acid can preferentially dissolve stainless steel in use
The oxide of surface free iron and iron forms fine and close passivating film and provides reaction environment for complexing agent and metal.In passivating process
The heavy metals such as nickel, chromium in insoluble stainless steel, but they are aoxidized and generates passivating film, so that heavy metal free sewage generates;Second
The metal ion of edetate disodium and 1-4 valence is typically all to be complexed in 1:1 ratio, and scale removal ability is stronger, EDETATE DISODIUM
The effect of existing cleaning dirt plays passivation again, realizes that cleaning and one step of passivation are completed;1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid is in aqueous solution
It can be ionized into H+ and acid ion, acid ion can form stable complex compound with many metal ions such as iron;HEDP has excellent
Different complexing power and certain corrosion inhibiting ability;It not only has good chela to metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+
Function is closed, or even also has preferable cleaning action to inorganic salts such as CaSO4, MgSiO3 etc. of these metals;Hydroxyacetic acid tool
Being corrosive, low, nonflammable, odorless, toxicity is low, Biodegradable is strong, high water solubility, is nonvolatile organic matter.Hydroxyacetic acid
It is strong with the ability that derusts when other organic acid collective effects;Phosphoric acid is fixed acid, and property is stablized, in use will not be because waving
It sends out and pollutes, it is not vulnerable;Phosphoric acid plays the role of surface passivation in stainless steel watch surface treatment, can make stainless steel surface
It is brighter;Sodium Polyacrylate is a kind of linear, soluble high-molecular compound, the Sodium Polyacrylate of small relative molecular mass
By the microcrystalline dispersion Yu Shuizhong of the salts such as calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate without precipitating, to reach scale inhibition purpose, stainless steel can be improved and produced
The surface quality of product, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether are nonionic surfactants, and 322H is organic polymer and modified nonionic
The compound of surfactant, neopelex are anionic surfactants.The present invention selects anionic surface living
Property agent compounded with nonionic surfactant, it is possible to reduce the dosage of surfactant, and further play surfactant
Effect;Yttrium nitrate can improve the corrosion resistance of passivating film.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent of embodiment 1, is made of: lemon the raw material of following mass percent
Sour 30%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.1%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) 1%, hydroxyacetic acid 3%, phosphoric acid 3%, poly- third
Olefin(e) acid sodium 2%, nonionic surfactant 0.1%, 322H 0.5%, neopelex 0.5%, yttrium nitrate 0.1%,
Corrosion inhibiter 0.1%, excess water.
The corrosion inhibiter is one of benzotriazole, thiocarbamide, hexa or a variety of.
The nonionic surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
It handles 4 hours at room temperature, blue point testing result is qualification after passivated processing.
A kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent of embodiment 2, is made of: lemon the raw material of following mass percent
Sour 40%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 1%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) 5%, hydroxyacetic acid 8%, phosphoric acid 8%, polypropylene
Sour sodium 4%, nonionic surfactant 2%, 322H 3%, neopelex 1%, yttrium nitrate 0.5%, corrosion inhibiter
1%, excess water.
The corrosion inhibiter is one of benzotriazole, Sodium Polyacrylate thiocarbamide, hexa or a variety of.
The nonionic surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
It is handled 2 hours at 45 DEG C, blue point testing result is qualification after passivated processing.
A kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent of embodiment 3, is made of: lemon the raw material of following mass percent
Sour 35%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.6%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) 3%, hydroxyacetic acid 5%, phosphoric acid 6%, poly- third
Olefin(e) acid sodium 6%, 322H 2%, neopelex 0.8%, yttrium nitrate 0.3%, delays nonionic surfactant 1.2%
Lose agent 0.6%, excess water.
The corrosion inhibiter is one of benzotriazole, thiocarbamide, hexa or a variety of.
The nonionic surfactant is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
It is handled 2.5 hours at 40 DEG C, blue point testing result is qualification after passivated processing.
Example 4: citric acid 38%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.3%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid 2%, hydroxyacetic acid 4%,
Phosphatase 24 %, Sodium Polyacrylate 5%, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether 1.5%, 322H1%, neopelex 0.6%, nitre
Sour yttrium 0%, corrosion inhibiter 0.1%, water surplus.
The corrosion inhibiter is one of benzotriazole, thiocarbamide, hexa or a variety of.
It is handled 3 hours at 30 DEG C, blue point testing result is qualification after passivated processing.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiment, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit require rather than it is described illustrate to limit, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but it is not each
Embodiment only contains an independent technical solution, and this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, this field
Technical staff should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, form this
The other embodiments that field technical staff is understood that.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent, which is characterized in that it is made of the raw material of following mass percent: lemon
Lemon acid 30-40%, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.1-1%, 1-hydroxy ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) 1-5%, hydroxyacetic acid 3-8%,
Phosphoric acid 3-8%, Sodium Polyacrylate 2-6%, nonionic surfactant 0.1-2%, 322H 0.5-3%, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid
Sodium 0.5-1%, yttrium nitrate 0-0.5%, corrosion inhibiter 0.1-1%, excess water.
2. a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the stainless steel cleaning
Passivator uses within the scope of 20-45 DEG C, and scavenging period is 2-4 hour, and initial stage is rapid when cleaning, and the later period is slow, conducive to early period
Quickly removal and destruction oxidation film, later period form passivating film again.
3. a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the corrosion inhibiter is preferred
For for one of benzotriazole, thiocarbamide, hexa or a variety of.
4. a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the non-ionic surface
Activating agent is fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
5. a kind of austenitic stainless steel Cleaning and Passivation agent according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the polyacrylic acid
Its relative molecular weight of sodium is 1000-3000.
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Cited By (16)
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CN110642425A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-03 | 广州超邦化工有限公司 | Treatment method of trivalent chromium passivation wastewater containing hydrofluoric acid and carboxylic acid |
CN110642395A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-03 | 广州超邦化工有限公司 | Method for treating fluoride ion-containing sulfate trivalent chromium plating wastewater |
CN111809189A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 清研高装科技(天津)有限公司 | Water-based stainless steel cleaning agent and preparation method thereof |
CN111926338A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-13 | 苏州绿水清洗科技有限公司 | Stainless steel cleaning passivator and application thereof |
CN112064042A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-11 | 上海朗脉洁净技术股份有限公司 | Pickling passivation solution and pickling passivation process for stainless steel pipeline |
CN112301351A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-02-02 | 沈阳烨铭科技服务有限公司 | Pickling and passivating process for austenitic stainless steel part |
CN112301338A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2021-02-02 | 上海兴赛尔表面材料有限公司 | Medium-low temperature fast curing trivalent chromium passivation solution and manufacturing and using method thereof |
CN113913915A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆易道科技发展有限公司 | Metal polishing passivation solution and preparation method thereof |
CN114351148A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-15 | 上海恩坤工业技术有限公司 | Gloss composition, preparation method and gloss method |
CN114540803A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳艾利门特科技有限公司 | Low-carbon chromium-nickel martensite high-strength steel and passivation method and application thereof |
CN114657545A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-06-24 | 塞尔纳新材料(武汉)有限公司 | Ecological descaling type rapid sedimentation passivation solution and preparation process thereof |
CN115198280A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-10-18 | 中核第四研究设计工程有限公司 | Cleaning agent for serial cleaning of stainless steel clean pipelines and preparation method thereof |
CN115216778A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-21 | 北京蓝星清洗有限公司 | Phosphorus-free composition with carbon steel material cleaning function |
RU2783432C1 (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-14 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д.И. Менделеева" (РХТУ им. Д.И. Менделеева) | Method for passivation of the contact surface of equipment made of austenitic nickel-containing steel for protection against aggressive media |
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CN115354341A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-18 | 广州市钫立新材料科技有限公司 | Mildew spot cleaning agent, preparation method of mildew spot cleaning agent and cleaning method of alloy |
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CN110642425B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-10-08 | 广州超邦化工有限公司 | Treatment method of trivalent chromium passivation wastewater containing hydrofluoric acid and carboxylic acid |
CN110642395B (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2021-10-08 | 广州超邦化工有限公司 | Method for treating fluoride ion-containing sulfate trivalent chromium plating wastewater |
CN112301338A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2021-02-02 | 上海兴赛尔表面材料有限公司 | Medium-low temperature fast curing trivalent chromium passivation solution and manufacturing and using method thereof |
CN111926338A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-13 | 苏州绿水清洗科技有限公司 | Stainless steel cleaning passivator and application thereof |
CN111809189A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-23 | 清研高装科技(天津)有限公司 | Water-based stainless steel cleaning agent and preparation method thereof |
CN112064042A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-11 | 上海朗脉洁净技术股份有限公司 | Pickling passivation solution and pickling passivation process for stainless steel pipeline |
CN112301351A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-02-02 | 沈阳烨铭科技服务有限公司 | Pickling and passivating process for austenitic stainless steel part |
CN114657545A (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-06-24 | 塞尔纳新材料(武汉)有限公司 | Ecological descaling type rapid sedimentation passivation solution and preparation process thereof |
CN114657545B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2023-11-24 | 塞尔纳新材料(武汉)有限公司 | Ecological descaling type rapid sedimentation passivation solution and preparation process thereof |
WO2022241180A1 (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-17 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Neutralizing instrument reprocessing |
CN113913915A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2022-01-11 | 重庆易道科技发展有限公司 | Metal polishing passivation solution and preparation method thereof |
CN113913915B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2024-04-05 | 重庆易道科技发展有限公司 | Metal polishing passivation solution and preparation method thereof |
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