CN109487183B - Wet shot blasting surface modification method suitable for aluminum-lithium alloy - Google Patents
Wet shot blasting surface modification method suitable for aluminum-lithium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109487183B CN109487183B CN201811503269.6A CN201811503269A CN109487183B CN 109487183 B CN109487183 B CN 109487183B CN 201811503269 A CN201811503269 A CN 201811503269A CN 109487183 B CN109487183 B CN 109487183B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention relates to a wet shot blasting surface modification method suitable for an aluminum-lithium alloy, which comprises the following steps of: (1) cleaning the surface of the aluminum-lithium alloy part and protecting the part which can not be shot-blasted; (2) carrying out wet shot blasting treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy part; (3) and drying the aluminum lithium alloy part subjected to shot blasting. Compared with the prior art, the method does not need other treatment modes, realizes the regulation and control of the material organization structure only through the optimization of the process parameters, and improves the universality of the method; the weakening effect caused by dynamic recovery recrystallization of the surface layer of the aluminum-lithium alloy can be reduced by utilizing the cooling effect of water in wet shot blasting on the surface of the material, so that the shot blasting modification effect can be fully exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shot blasting surface modification treatment, in particular to a wet shot blasting surface modification method suitable for an aluminum-lithium alloy.
Background
The aluminum-lithium alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, high elastic modulus and the like, and the addition of the lithium element into the aluminum alloy can not only effectively reduce the alloy density and improve the alloy rigidity, but also has a synergistic effect on improving the specific rigidity of the alloy. The aluminum lithium alloy is used for replacing the traditional aluminum alloy, so that the effective load of an airplane can be improved, and the fuel consumption can be reduced, and the aluminum lithium alloy is greatly developed in recent years. The C919 airplane adopts aluminum lithium alloy to manufacture wings, a fuselage and other parts, and adopts means such as surface strengthening to improve the safety of the airplane, so as to realize reliable and durable flight and operation economy.
Failure analysis on aluminum lithium alloy components indicates that fatigue is the primary cause of component failure. Since the failure of the member due to fatigue damage often originates from the surface of the material, a more practical and effective method for improving fatigue performance is shot peening. The fatigue crack is inhibited from being initiated and expanded by improving and optimizing the mechanical property and the tissue structure of the surface layer of the material without changing the internal mechanical property of the material, so that the fatigue property is improved.
The existing research results show that the strengthening factors of shot blasting mainly focus on introducing residual compressive stress fields, processing hardening, dislocation hardening and the like; the weakening factor caused by shot blasting is mainly due to the fact that shot blasting increases the surface roughness of the sample, and the shot blasting with too high strength can even cause the problems of surface folding, cracking and the like, and easily cause the stress concentration on the surface of the material. Although the research on the aluminum lithium alloy shot blasting is less, the existing research shows that the parameter range of the shot blasting process of the aluminum lithium alloy is narrow, and the material use performance is reduced by the dry shot blasting with slightly high intensity.
The reason is that the aluminum lithium alloy has the property particularity, and besides the weakening factors, under the combined action of heat and plastic deformation in the shot blasting process, the aluminum lithium alloy can initiate the texture evolution and dynamic recovery recrystallization phenomena of the aluminum lithium alloy, so that the surface layer of the material is softened, and the processing softening is caused, which belongs to the weakening factors for the mechanical property of the material. Therefore, how to reduce the dynamic recovery recrystallization softening of the aluminum-lithium alloy in the shot blasting process so as to improve the mechanical property of the surface layer of the material becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a wet shot blasting method suitable for an aluminum lithium alloy, namely, the aluminum lithium alloy is subjected to wet shot blasting treatment by using a grinding fluid mixed by ceramic shots and water, wherein the water can cool the surface of a sprayed material, dynamic recovery recrystallization and softening of the aluminum lithium alloy due to the combined action of plastic deformation and heat in the shot blasting process are avoided, and the shot blasting modification effect is exerted to the maximum extent.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a wet shot blasting method suitable for aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining shot blasting parameters such as target shot blasting strength, target coverage and the like according to the size specification and performance requirements of the parts;
step two: cleaning the sample or the part to ensure that no oil stain or other pollutants exist;
step three: inspecting the sample or the part to ensure that the processes before shot blasting are all in place;
step four: clamping the part and protecting the part which does not need shot blasting;
step five: carrying out shot blasting treatment on the sample or the part according to the technological parameter requirements;
step six: after the shot blasting is finished, the sample or the part is dismounted from the equipment;
step seven: inspecting the sample or the part subjected to shot blasting to ensure that no embedded broken shot exists on the surface and no bump damage exists, and the coverage rate and the appearance of the surface meet the requirements;
step eight: and drying the parts subjected to shot blasting, and drying the workpieces at 20-25 ℃ in a ventilating manner after the shot blasting is finished.
The aluminum lithium alloy wet shot blasting process adopts practical and effective relevant process parameters, such as: air pressure, shot time, shot specification, shot initiation velocity, shot flow, nozzle-to-material surface distance, shot angle, shot strength, shot coverage, abrasives, and the like.
When shot blasting is carried out, the air pressure is controlled to be 0.2-0.7MPa, the shot blasting time is about 10s-10min, the initial speed of the shot is about 1-50 m/s, the flow rate of the shot is about 0.1-1kg/min, the distance between a nozzle and the surface of a material is about 50 mm-200 mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the shot blasting strength is about 0.2 mmA-0.6 mmA, the shot blasting coverage rate is 100-200 percent, grinding fluid is ceramic shots and water (the specification of the shot is selected according to HB/Z26-2011), the ceramic shots and the water are mixed together according to the mass ratio of 10:1, the mixed liquid of water and ceramic shots is conveyed to a cavity of a nozzle on a wet shot blasting machine through a pump body, meanwhile, the high-pressure airflow accelerates the mixed liquid, and finally the mixed liquid of the ceramic pellets and water impacts the surface of the sprayed material at a high speed, so that the purpose of cold-processing surface modification treatment is achieved.
The effect of shot blasting surface treatment is mainly characterized by shot blasting strength and surface coverage, and if the shot blasting strength is too low (namely, the injection pressure, the shot initial velocity, the injection angle and the like are small), the surface roughness of the sample is increased, the introduced residual compressive stress is small, the work hardening effect is insufficient, and the expected modification effect cannot be achieved; if the shot blasting strength is too high (namely the injection pressure, the shot initial velocity and the like are small), micro cracks are easily generated on the surface of the sample, residual stress relaxation is generated, the stress becomes a fatigue source in the fatigue loading process, the service life of parts is shortened, and the expected modification effect can not be achieved; the shot peening coverage is mainly related to the processing time during shot peening, and if the shot peening time is short, the coverage required by the process cannot be achieved, and if the shot peening time is long, the coverage is increased, but the increase of the shot peening coverage is not very beneficial to the improvement of the shot peening strength. Therefore, all process parameters in the shot blasting process should be controlled within a reasonable range to achieve the best shot blasting modification effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the wet shot blasting method is characterized in that a shot medium is placed in liquid, a layer of liquid film is formed on the surface of a part in the shot blasting process, shots can be recycled along with the liquid, dust pollution is avoided, and the durability of the shots and a nozzle can be improved.
2. The invention adopts the ceramic pill, the ceramic pill has high strength, good toughness, large hardness, low breakage rate, smoothness, cleanness and high productivity, and the ceramic pill is used for carrying out surface treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy material, thereby avoiding the problems of iron pollution corrosion caused by cast steel pills, surface integrity reduction of sprayed materials caused by fragile glass pills and the like.
3. Compared with the traditional dry shot blasting, the dry friction between the shot and the material can be avoided due to the water in the wet shot blasting process, the shot can be influenced by the water before impacting the plate and the reverse resistance after the water impacts the plate, and the shot speed can be reduced, so that the surface smoothness of the sample after wet shot blasting is higher, and the problem of stress concentration caused by the increase of the surface roughness can be reduced.
4. Compared with the traditional dry shot blasting, the water in the wet shot blasting process has a cooling effect on the surface of the sprayed material, the dynamic recovery recrystallization softening effect of the surface layer of the aluminum-lithium alloy in the shot blasting process and the weakening influence caused by alloy texture evolution are reduced, the mechanical property of the material is improved, the fatigue property of the material is effectively improved, and the shot blasting process parameter domain of the aluminum-lithium alloy is widened.
5. Compared with a heat treatment method, the wet shot blasting process is simple and easy to operate, and the surface structure can be improved while the surface strength of the material is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the stress strain curves tested in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the stress strain curves obtained from the test in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the tensile stress-strain curves of shot blasting obtained by different processes in examples 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
A wet shot blasting method suitable for aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining shot blasting parameters such as target shot blasting strength, target coverage and the like according to the size specification and performance requirements of the parts;
step two: cleaning the sample or the part to ensure that no oil stain or other pollutants exist;
step three: inspecting the sample or the part to ensure that the processes before shot blasting are all in place;
step four: clamping the part and protecting the part which does not need shot blasting;
step five: controlling the air pressure to be 0.2-0.7MPa, carrying out shot blasting for about 10s-10min, wherein the initial speed of the shot is about 1-50 m/s, the flow rate of the shot is about 0.1-1kg/min, the distance from a nozzle to the surface of the material is about 50-200mm, the spraying angle is 90 degrees, the shot blasting strength is about 0.2 mmA-0.6 mmA, the shot blasting coverage rate is 100 percent, the grinding fluid is ceramic shots and water (the specification of the shot materials is selected according to HB/Z26-2011), mixing the ceramic shots and the water according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and carrying out shot blasting on the sample or the part;
step six: after the shot blasting is finished, the sample or the part is dismounted from the equipment;
step seven: inspecting the sample or the part subjected to shot blasting to ensure that no embedded broken shot exists on the surface and no bump damage exists, and the coverage rate and the appearance of the surface meet the requirements;
step eight: drying the parts after shot blasting, and drying the workpiece at 20-25 ℃ in a ventilating way after the shot blasting is finished.
The following are more detailed embodiments, and the technical solutions and the technical effects obtained by the present invention will be further described by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The tensile sample after 2060-T8E30 aluminum lithium alloy rolling is respectively subjected to dry shot blasting and wet shot blasting surface modification treatment by adopting ceramic shots (AZB210), wherein the shot blasting coverage of dry shot blasting is 100%, the shot blasting intensity is 0.2mmA, the shot blasting coverage of wet shot blasting is 100%, the shot blasting intensity is 0.2mmA, and the shot blasting process parameters are shown in Table 1.
In the embodiment, a WDW-E100 microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine is adopted, a non-shot blasting sample, a dry shot blasting sample and a wet shot blasting sample are respectively subjected to tensile test, and in consideration of test dispersibility, stress-strain curves obtained by the test are shown in figure 1, wherein 2-UH-G-H represents the stress-strain curve of the 2.2mm thick sample after dry shot blasting with the strength of 0.2mmA, 2-UH-S-H represents the stress-strain curve of the 2.2mm thick sample after wet shot blasting with the strength of 0.2mmA, and 2-UH-W represents the stress-strain curve of the 2.2mm thick sample before shot blasting. As can be seen from fig. 1, the elongation of the 2.2mm non-peened specimen is exactly at the 5% position, the critical point normally used in engineering to distinguish between plastic and brittle materials; after the wet shot blasting treatment with the strength of 0.2mmA, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the sample are obviously improved, but the elongation rate is reduced to some extent, and the material shows a brittle state; on the other hand, the tensile strength and yield strength of the test piece were significantly reduced by dry peening with a strength of 0.2mmA, but the elongation of the material was increased to show a tough state. 0.2mmA wet peening showed a 16.1% increase in tensile strength and an 11.84% increase in yield strength, but a 30.18% decrease in elongation at break, compared to the non-peened specimens; 0.2mmA dry shot showed a 13.62% reduction in tensile strength and a 16.98% reduction in yield strength, but a 28.17% increase in elongation at break, compared to the non-shot samples, and the strength of the material after wet shot was significantly improved compared to the dry shot. The tensile test results are shown in table 2.
Table 1 shot blasting detailed process parameters
TABLE 2 tensile Property parameters of test specimens before and after shot peening (both dry and wet shot peening strengths 0.2mmA)
Example 2
The tensile sample after 2060-T8E30 aluminum lithium alloy rolling is respectively subjected to dry shot blasting and wet shot blasting surface modification treatment by adopting ceramic shots (AZB210), wherein the shot blasting coverage of the dry shot blasting is 100 percent, the shot blasting intensity is 0.1mmA, the shot blasting coverage of the wet shot blasting is 100 percent, and the shot blasting intensity is 0.1 mmA.
In the embodiment, a WDW-E100 microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine is adopted, the non-shot blasting sample, the dry shot blasting sample and the wet shot blasting sample are respectively subjected to tensile test, and the stress-strain curves obtained by the test are shown in figures 2 and 3, wherein each group of three samples consider the test dispersity. FIG. 2 is a tensile stress-strain curve of a 2060 aluminum-lithium alloy under a lower strength shot peening and a non-shot peening, wherein 2-UH-G-L represents a stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick test piece after a dry shot peening treatment with a strength of 0.1mmA, 2-UH-S-L represents a stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick test piece after a wet shot peening treatment with a strength of 0.1mmA, and 2-UH-W represents a stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick test piece without shot peening. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the shot-peening tensile stress-strain curves of 2060 Al-Li alloy, wherein 2-UH-G-H represents the stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick specimen after dry shot-peening with an intensity of 0.2mmA, 2-UH-G-L represents the stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick specimen after dry shot-peening with an intensity of 0.1mmA, 2-UH-S-H represents the stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick specimen after wet shot-peening with an intensity of 0.2mmA, 2-UH-S-L represents the stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick specimen after wet shot-peening with an intensity of 0.1mmA, and 2-UH-W represents the stress-strain curve of a 2.2mm thick specimen without shot-peening.
The tensile test results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 tensile Property parameters of test specimens before and after shot peening (dry and wet shot peening strengths of 0.1mmA, respectively)
From the tensile test results, the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and elongation at break of the material before and after the aluminum lithium alloy sample is shot-blasted and under different shot-blasting processes are greatly changed: the differences of the tensile strength and the yield strength of the low-strength dry shot blasting sample, the low-strength wet shot blasting sample and the non-shot blasting sample are small, and compared with the non-shot blasting sample, the low-strength wet shot blasting sample has the advantages that the tensile strength is increased by 5.27%, the yield strength is increased by 0.54%, and the elongation at break is reduced by 27.36%; in the case of low-strength dry shot, the tensile strength was reduced by 12.26%, the yield strength was reduced by 21.72%, and the elongation at break was increased by 17.91% as compared with the non-shot sample.
Therefore, wet peening can increase the strength of the material but can reduce the toughness thereof, and wherein higher strength wet peening has a more pronounced effect on the increase in strength of the material; while dry blasting, particularly higher strength dry blasting, reduces the strength of the material, but increases the toughness of the material. From the tensile test results, it can be proved that dry shot blasting, particularly dry shot blasting with higher strength, has softening effect on the aluminum lithium alloy, while wet shot blasting with the same shot strength can avoid the phenomenon and improve the strength of the material.
Example 3
A wet shot blasting method suitable for aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining shot blasting parameters such as target shot blasting strength, target coverage and the like according to the size specification and performance requirements of the parts;
step two: cleaning the sample or the part to ensure that no oil stain or other pollutants exist;
step three: inspecting the sample or the part to ensure that the processes before shot blasting are all in place;
step four: clamping the part and protecting the part which does not need shot blasting;
step five: controlling the air pressure to be 0.2MPa, the shot blasting time to be 10min, the initial speed of the shot to be 50m/s, the flow rate of the shot to be 1kg/min, the distance from a nozzle to the surface of the material to be 200mm, the spray angle to be 90 degrees, the shot blasting intensity to be 0.6mmA, the shot blasting coverage rate to be 100 percent, the grinding fluid to be ceramic shot and water (the specification of the shot is selected according to HB/Z26-2011), and the grinding fluid ratio to be 10:1, and carrying out shot blasting on the sample or the part;
step six: after the shot blasting is finished, the sample or the part is dismounted from the equipment;
step seven: inspecting the sample or the part subjected to shot blasting to ensure that no embedded broken shot exists on the surface and no bump damage exists, and the coverage rate and the appearance of the surface meet the requirements;
step eight: and drying the parts subjected to shot blasting, and drying the workpiece at 20 ℃ in a ventilating manner after the shot blasting is finished.
Example 4
A wet shot blasting method suitable for aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining shot blasting parameters such as target shot blasting strength, target coverage and the like according to the size specification and performance requirements of the parts;
step two: cleaning the sample or the part to ensure that no oil stain or other pollutants exist;
step three: inspecting the sample or the part to ensure that the processes before shot blasting are all in place;
step four: clamping the part and protecting the part which does not need shot blasting;
step five: controlling air pressure to be 0.5MPa, shot blasting time to be about 5min, shot initial velocity to be about 20m/s, shot flow rate to be about 0.5kg/min, nozzle-to-material surface distance to be about 100mm, spray angle to be 90 degrees, shot blasting strength to be about 0.4mmA, shot blasting coverage to be 100%, grinding fluid to be ceramic shot and water (the specification of the shot is selected according to HB/Z26-2011), and grinding fluid ratio to be 10:1, and carrying out shot blasting on the sample or the part;
step six: after the shot blasting is finished, the sample or the part is dismounted from the equipment;
step seven: inspecting the sample or the part subjected to shot blasting to ensure that no embedded broken shot exists on the surface and no bump damage exists, and the coverage rate and the appearance of the surface meet the requirements;
step eight: drying the parts after shot blasting, and drying the workpiece at 20-25 ℃ in a ventilating way after the shot blasting is finished.
Example 5
A wet shot blasting method suitable for aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining shot blasting parameters such as target shot blasting strength, target coverage and the like according to the size specification and performance requirements of the parts;
step two: cleaning the sample or the part to ensure that no oil stain or other pollutants exist;
step three: inspecting the sample or the part to ensure that the processes before shot blasting are all in place;
step four: clamping the part and protecting the part which does not need shot blasting;
step five: controlling air pressure to be 0.7MPa, shot blasting time to be about 10s, shot initial velocity to be about 1m/s, shot flow rate to be about 0.1kg/min, nozzle-to-material surface distance to be about 50mm, spray angle to be 90 degrees, shot blasting strength to be about 0.2mmA, shot blasting coverage rate to be 100%, grinding fluid to be ceramic shot and water (the specification of the shot is selected according to HB/Z26-2011), and grinding fluid ratio to be 10:1, and carrying out shot blasting on the test sample or the part;
step six: after the shot blasting is finished, the sample or the part is dismounted from the equipment;
step seven: inspecting the sample or the part subjected to shot blasting to ensure that no embedded broken shot exists on the surface and no bump damage exists, and the coverage rate and the appearance of the surface meet the requirements;
step eight: and drying the parts subjected to shot blasting, and drying the workpiece at 25 ℃ in a ventilating manner after the shot blasting is finished.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A wet shot blasting surface modification method suitable for an aluminum lithium alloy is characterized by being used for modifying the surface of the aluminum lithium alloy and comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning the surface of the aluminum-lithium alloy part and protecting the part which can not be shot-blasted;
(2) carrying out wet shot blasting treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy part; wherein the grinding fluid consists of ceramic shots and water in a mass ratio of 10:1, the distance from a nozzle of a shot blasting machine to the surface of an aluminum-lithium alloy part is 50-200mm, the pressure of shot blasting air is 0.2-0.7MPa, the wet shot blasting processing time is 10s-10min, the initial speed of the shots is 1-20m/s, the flow rate of the shots is 0.1-1kg/min, the spraying angle of the shots is 90 degrees, the shot blasting strength is 0.2-0.6mmA, and the shot blasting coverage rate is 100 percent;
(3) and drying the aluminum lithium alloy part subjected to shot blasting.
2. The wet shot blasting surface modification method suitable for the aluminum-lithium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is to pack and block the part which can not be shot blasted.
3. The wet shot blasting surface modification method for the aluminum-lithium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying treatment in the step (3) is performed at an ambient temperature of 20-25 ℃.
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