CN109485503B - Straw ash fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Straw ash fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109485503B
CN109485503B CN201811540112.0A CN201811540112A CN109485503B CN 109485503 B CN109485503 B CN 109485503B CN 201811540112 A CN201811540112 A CN 201811540112A CN 109485503 B CN109485503 B CN 109485503B
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fertilizer
percent
straw ash
total amount
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CN109485503A (en
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黄晗达
韩效钊
张�浩
马克
刘昆
张旭
赵康
柴赛
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Hefei Lyunong Fertilizer Industry Co ltd
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Hefei Lyunong Fertilizer Industry Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw ash fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein SiO in the straw ash fertilizer2The total content is more than or equal to 45 percent, wherein the active SiO is2Not less than 40% of the total amount; k2O content is not less than 8%, and is water solubleSex K2O is not less than 50% of the total amount; the total amount of CaO is more than or equal to 10 percent, wherein the water-soluble CaO is not less than 40 percent of the total amount; the total amount of MgO is more than or equal to 2.0 percent, wherein the water-soluble MgO is not less than 50 percent of the total amount; pH 6-8. The product of the invention is mixed with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for application, so that the application of nitrogen and phosphorus of the base fertilizer can be reduced by 20 percent, and the crop yield can be increased by more than 5 percent.

Description

Straw ash fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a chemical fertilizer, in particular to a straw ash fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The action scheme of zero increase of fertilizer usage in 2020 specified by Ministry of agriculture in 2015 clearly indicates that the basic land capacity of cultivated land in China is low, and the contribution of fertilizer application to grain yield increase is large and is generally more than 40%. The amount of the homogenized fertilizer per mu in China is 21.9 kilograms, which is far higher than the average level in the world (8 kilograms per mu), and is 2.6 times of that in the United states and 2.5 times of that in European Union. Unbalanced fertilization structure, heavy macroelement fertilizer, light medium trace element fertilizer. The current fertilization scheme of our country is to control nitrogen and phosphorus to decrease, stabilize potassium fertilizer to increase and supplement medium and trace elements. The specific target of the comprehensive research and development of chemical fertilizer and pesticide application-reducing and efficiency-improving technology started by the Ministry of science and technology in 2015 is that the application of nitrogen and phosphorus of a chemical fertilizer is reduced by 20 percent, and the average yield of crops is increased by 3 percent. Data display of agricultural department farmland quality monitoring center investigation: the soil areas of the cultivated land soil with the calcium and magnesium contents below critical values reach 64 percent and 53 percent respectively. The silicon fertilizer is a fourth major element fertilizer after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the international soil boundary, the area of silicon-deficient soil in the total cultivated soil in China is about 50%, and the area of silicon-deficient soil (the effective silicon content is lower than 100mg/kg) accounts for more than 40% of the agricultural soil area.
The ash of the straw power plant is rich in various nutrient elements necessary for crops such as silicon, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like, and the preparation of the straw ash fertilizer containing the nutrient elements such as silicon, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a straw ash fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the straw ash fertilizer consists of major elements such as potassium, medium elements such as silicon, calcium and magnesium which are most urgent for crop demands, and the technical problem to be solved is the activation problem of various nutrient elements.
The straw ash fertilizer of the invention is SiO2The total content is more than or equal to 45 percent (wherein the active SiO is2Not less than 40% of the total), K2O content is more than or equal to 8 percent (wherein the water-soluble K is2O is not less than 50 percent of the total amount), CaO is not less than 10 percent (wherein the water-soluble CaO is not less than 40 percent of the total amount), MgO is not less than 2.0 percent (wherein the water-soluble MgO is not less than 50 percent of the total amount), and pH is 6-8.
The preparation method of the straw ash fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1: sieving the straw ash slag with a standard sieve of 60 meshes (250 mu m) to obtain powder;
step 2: mixing organic acid with the powder obtained in the step 1 according to the mass ratio of 1 (20-30); the organic acid is citric acid, glacial acetic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid or lactic acid.
And step 3: ball-milling the mixture obtained in the step 2 in a steam atmosphere at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for 30-60 minutes;
and 4, step 4: and (4) naturally drying the materials subjected to ball milling in the step (3) indoors for 5-10 days to obtain the straw ash fertilizer.
The straw ash refers to ash from a dust remover of a straw power plant and slag from the bottom of a boiler, is solid waste of the straw power plant, and is rich in multiple nutrient elements necessary for crops such as silicon, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, phosphorus and the like.
The application of the straw ash fertilizer is to mix the straw ash fertilizer and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for application, so that the crop yield is increased by more than 5%. The method specifically comprises the steps of reducing the application rate of the traditional base fertilizer nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer by 20%, and supplementing the water-soluble potassium reduced in the compound fertilizer with the straw ash fertilizer.
The product of the invention can reduce the application of nitrogen and phosphorus of the base fertilizer by 20 percent and increase the crop yield by more than 5 percent.
Detailed Description
1. Raw material preparation
Ash (slag) from straw power plant (from a certain straw power plant in Bengbu City, Anhui province), citric acid, and glacial acetic acid.
2. Preparation process
(1) No. 1 straw ash fertilizer
Step 1: sieving the straw ash with a standard sieve of 60 meshes (250 mu m);
step 2: mixing citric acid with 60-mesh ash according to a mass ratio of 1: 20;
and step 3: ball-milling the mixture in a water vapor atmosphere at 130 ℃ for 40 minutes;
and 4, step 4: naturally drying the ball-milled materials indoors for 8 days (3 months) to obtain straw ash fertilizer; wherein K210.1% of total O and water-soluble K2O is 6.5%.
(2) No. 2 straw ash fertilizer
Step 1: sieving the straw ash with a standard sieve of 60 meshes (250 mu m);
step 2: mixing glacial acetic acid with 60-mesh ash according to the mass ratio of 1: 30;
and step 3: ball milling the mixture in water vapor atmosphere at 105 deg.c for 50 min;
and 4, step 4: and (3) naturally drying the ball-milled materials indoors for 8 days (3 months) to obtain the straw ash fertilizer. Wherein K210.6% of total O and water-soluble K2O is 5.8%.
(3) No. 1 straw residue fertilizer
Step 1: sieving the straw ash with a standard sieve of 60 meshes (250 mu m);
step 2: mixing citric acid with 60-mesh ash according to a mass ratio of 1: 20;
and step 3: ball-milling the mixture in a water vapor atmosphere at 130 ℃ for 40 minutes;
and 4, step 4: and (3) naturally drying the ball-milled materials indoors for 8 days (3 months) to obtain the straw ash fertilizer. Wherein K2Total amount of O8.2% of water-soluble K2O is 4.7%.
(4) No. 2 straw residue fertilizer
Step 1: sieving the straw ash with a standard sieve of 60 meshes (250 mu m);
step 2: mixing glacial acetic acid with 60-mesh ash according to the mass ratio of 1: 30;
and step 3: ball milling the mixture in water vapor atmosphere at 105 deg.c for 50 min;
and 4, step 4: and (3) naturally drying the ball-milled materials indoors for 8 days (3 months) to obtain the straw ash fertilizer. Wherein K2Total O content of 8.5%, water-soluble K2O is 4.6%.
3. Field test
Example 1:
(1) the object of use-pepper;
(2) the product used is No. 1 straw ash fertilizer;
(3) fertilization scheme-treatment test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K215-15-15)32 kg + 18.5 kg of No. 1 straw ash fertilizer; control test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) 40 kg. Treatment and control other cultivation and topdressing protocols were identical.
(4) Compared with a blank control: the weight of the pepper is increased by 10.8%.
Example 2:
(1) the object of use-pepper;
(2) the product used is No. 2 straw ash fertilizer;
(3) fertilization scheme-treatment test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K215-15-15)32 kg + 20.7 kg of No. 2 straw ash fertilizer; control test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) 40 kg. Treatment and control other cultivation and topdressing protocols were identical.
(4) Compared with a blank control: the weight of the pepper is increased by 11.2 percent.
Example 3:
(1) the object of use-pepper;
(2) the product used, No. 1 straw residue fertilizer;
(3) fertilization scheme-treatment test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K215-15-15)32 kg + 25.6 kg of No. 1 straw ash fertilizer; control test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) 40 kg. Treatment and control other cultivation and topdressing protocols were identical.
(4) Compared with a blank control: the weight of the pepper is increased by 14.8%.
Example 4:
(1) the object of use-pepper;
(2) the product used is No. 2 straw ash fertilizer;
(3) fertilization scheme-treatment test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K215-15-15)32 kg + 26.1 kg of No. 1 straw ash fertilizer; control test base fertilizer compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5-K2O15-15-15) 40 kg. Treatment and control other cultivation and topdressing protocols were identical.
(4) Compared with a blank control: the weight of the pepper is increased by 15.3 percent.
K of straw ash used in field test2O content of 11.02% and SiO2The content of 48.56 percent, the content of CaO 16.05 percent and the content of MgO 2.13 percent; k of slag2O content of 8.91% and SiO2The content was 60.39%, the CaO content was 12.28%, and the MgO content was 2.10%. Equal amount of K2When O is added, the total slag amount is 1.237 times of the total ash amount, and SiO is contained in the ash2The total amount of the + CaO + MgO is 66.74 parts, and SiO in the slag2The total amount of the + CaO and the MgO is 92.47 parts, and the secondary element (SiO) of the slag2And + CaO + MgO) is obviously excessive, and the yield increase effect of the straw residue fertilizer is better than that of the straw ash fertilizer.
The pH value of the straw ash used in the field test is 8.4, the pH value of the straw slag is 9.2, and the organic acid is adopted to neutralize and activate nutrient elements in the ash slag. Citric acid (C)6H8O7·H2O) molecular weight 210.14, ionization constant: pk1 ═ 3.13, pk2 ═ 4.76, pk3 ═ 6.40; the molecular weight of acetic acid is 60.05, and the ionization constant is: pk1 ═4.75. The ionization capacity of hydrogen acetate ions is equivalent to that of secondary hydrogen ions of citric acid, and if 60 parts of acetic acid ionizes hydrogen ions with the amount of 60/60.05 parts of about 1 part, the amount of citric acid corresponding to the ionized hydrogen ions is 1 multiplied by 210.14/2 to 105 parts. In this case, the mass ratio of citric acid to ash (slag) is 1:20, and the mass ratio of glacial acetic acid to ash (slag) is 1: 30. The amount of the citric acid equivalent to the amount of 60 parts of acetic acid is 90 parts and less than 105 parts. Namely, the total amount of the ionized hydrogen ions of the same amount of the ash (slag) glacial acetic acid is more than that of the citric acid in the case, and the glacial acetic acid has stronger activation capability on nutrients than the citric acid for the alkaline ash in the case, so that the yield increasing effect of the ash fertilizer added with the glacial acetic acid is slightly better than that of the ash fertilizer added with the citric acid.
Appendix:
citric acid GB/T8269-2006
Glacial acetic acid GB/T1628-.

Claims (1)

1. A straw ash fertilizer is characterized in that:
in the straw ash fertilizer, SiO is contained2The total content is more than or equal to 45 percent, wherein the active SiO is2Not less than 40% of the total amount; k2O content is not less than 8%, wherein water-soluble K2O is not less than 50% of the total amount; the total amount of CaO is more than or equal to 10 percent, wherein the water-soluble CaO is not less than 40 percent of the total amount; the total amount of MgO is more than or equal to 2.0 percent, wherein the water-soluble MgO is not less than 50 percent of the total amount; pH = 6-8;
the straw ash fertilizer is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: sieving the straw ash through a 60-mesh standard sieve to obtain powder;
step 2: mixing glacial acetic acid with the powder obtained in the step 1 according to the mass ratio of 1: 30;
and step 3: ball-milling the mixture obtained in the step 2 in a steam atmosphere at the temperature of 100-150 ℃ for 30-60 minutes;
and 4, step 4: placing the ball-milled materials in the step 3 in a room for natural drying for 5-10 days to obtain straw ash fertilizer;
the straw ash fertilizer is applied to the peppers and is mixed with the traditional base fertilizer nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for application, the application of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is reduced by 20%, and the straw ash fertilizer is used for supplementing the water-soluble potassium which is reduced in the compound fertilizer, so that the yield and the weight of the peppers can be increased.
CN201811540112.0A 2018-12-17 2018-12-17 Straw ash fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Active CN109485503B (en)

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6090886A (en) * 1983-10-22 1985-05-22 田原　清男 Manufacture of compost
CN100387554C (en) * 2005-11-21 2008-05-14 江苏省农业科学院 Process for producing multielement fertilizer by plant straw ash
CN100378040C (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-04-02 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 Method of producing phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer using straw ash of biomass energy straw electric generation plant
CN104370590A (en) * 2013-08-15 2015-02-25 高嵩 Method for producing multi-element fertilizer by adopting plant straw ash residue

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