CN109479669A - A kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and preparation and method for culturing seedlings - Google Patents
A kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and preparation and method for culturing seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109479669A CN109479669A CN201910059374.3A CN201910059374A CN109479669A CN 109479669 A CN109479669 A CN 109479669A CN 201910059374 A CN201910059374 A CN 201910059374A CN 109479669 A CN109479669 A CN 109479669A
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- Prior art keywords
- mushroom slag
- compression blocks
- matrix compression
- needle
- seedling
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks for belonging to cultural solid substrate culture technical field and preparation and method for culturing seedlings.The mushroom slag matrix compression blocks are obtained by needle mushroom slag fermentation material, vermiculite, high hydroscopic resin mixing, compression, and wherein needle mushroom slag fermentation material decomposed fermentation after needle mushroom slag, corn stover, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, high hydroscopic resin mixing is made；Phosphorus element content is high in mushroom slag matrix compression blocks of the present invention, physics anti-damage performance and the coefficient of expansion are high, have effects that preferably water conservation, fertilizer conservation, good facilitation is all had to germination, emergence, the growth and development of seedling, solves in traditional turf hole plate seedling growth the technical problem that primary raw material is non-renewable, seedling cost is high, discarded hole tray pollutes environment, crop seedling transplanting root is easy to damage.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultural solid substrate culture technical field, in particular to a kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and preparation and
Method for culturing seedlings.
Background technique
It with the development of China's agricultural, industrializes nursery demand and is incremented by, the selection of seedling medium and be prepared into industry
One of an important factor for changing nursery.Currently, seedling medium mainly uses turf as matrix primary raw material, educated in hole tray
Seedling, however turf is non-renewable resources, and discarded seedling culture hole plate will cause plastic garbage pollution.And China is large agricultural country,
Can generate a large amount of agricultural wastes, and most of agricultural wastes belong to biomass resource, can after processing cycling and reutilization with
Agricultural planting.Therefore, preparing environmentally friendly seedling medium as primary raw material using agricultural wastes becomes grinding for industrialization nursery
Study carefully hot spot.
Mushroom slag is remaining waste material after edible fungus culturing, mycoprotein rich in, microbial metabolism nutritional product
With some without the nutritional ingredient utilized, but at this stage, mushroom slag utilization rate is lower, is one of agricultural wastes, makes
At the great wasting of resources.
Traditional granular media matrix needs the carriers such as plastic seeding culturing hole tray, and discarded hole tray is not easily recycled, and easily causes plastic garbage
And the wasting of resources.In addition, granular media substrate seedling is not easy to operate when transplanting, it is easy to damage root system in migration process, slow seedling
Phase is long, influences seedling health.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and preparation and method for culturing seedlings, and specific technical solution is such as
Under:
A kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks, based on mass fraction, including 50%~100% needle mushroom slag fermentation material, 0~
50% vermiculite further includes the high hydroscopic resin of 2% needle mushroom slag fermentation material, vermiculite quality sum；Wherein needle mushroom slag is sent out
The decomposed fermentation after needle mushroom slag, corn stover, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, high hydroscopic resin mixing of ferment material obtains.
Needle mushroom slag fermentation material contain 75.59% organic matter, 15.68mg/Kg available nitrogen, 10.01g/Kg rapid available phosphorus,
108.35mg/Kg available potassium.
The high hydroscopic resin is hypromellose base high water-absorption resin, sucks ionized water multiplying power≤497.13g/
G inhales salt (0.9% sodium chloride solution) multiplying power≤61.70g/g.
The preparation methods of the mushroom slag matrix compression blocks the following steps are included:
(1) as mass fraction, by 10% corn stover, 2% cellulose-decomposing bacterium, 0.15% high hydroscopic resin and acupuncture needle
The mixing of mushroom mushroom slag, decomposed fermentation process 24 days obtain needle mushroom slag fermentation material；
(2) uniformly mixing needle mushroom slag fermentation material, vermiculite, high hydroscopic resin obtain the mixed base that moisture content is 25%
Matter is compressed to obtain mushroom slag matrix compression blocks with compression ratio 2:1 under 22N pressure.
The preparation of the super absorbent resin the following steps are included:
(1) under the conditions of ice-water bath, acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide solution (0.6~1.2) in mass ratio: 1 are mixed
It is even, obtain mixed solution；
(2) initiator is added by acrylic acid mass percent 0.5%~2.5% into mixed solution obtained by step (1), and
To dissolving, initiator is ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogensulfite equimolar mixture for stirring；
(3) crosslinking agent is added by acrylic acid mass percent 0.1%~0.5% into mixed solution obtained by step (2), and
To dissolving, crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol (200) diacrylate for stirring；
(4) be (4~8) by acrylic acid and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose mass ratio into step (3) mixed solution: 1 is added
Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stirring to dissolution；
(5) mixture that step (4) obtains is placed in micro-wave oven, 4.5~8.5min of heating reaction, takes out under 210W
Gained head product is placed in ethyl alcohol after 2~3h of immersion, is dried under the conditions of 70~80 DEG C to constant weight, be crushed 80~100 mesh Buddhist nuns
Imperial mesh screen obtains hypromellose base high water-absorption resin.
The homemade hypromellose base high water-absorption resin of the present invention can improve substrate block hole environment, compared to third
Olefin(e) acid polymeric type super absorbent resin has many advantages, such as environment-friendly degradable, can decompose under the action of cellulose-decomposing bacterium, not dirty
Substrate block and soil are contaminated, while also adding the substrate block content of organic matter.
It is using the method that the mushroom slag matrix compression blocks carry out nursery, by the seed implantation mushroom slag matrix compression after vernalization
In the seedling cave of block, granular media matrix, nutrient solution, water are covered.
Contain 280mg/L nitrogen, 38.75mg/L phosphorus, 280.8mg/L potassium in the nutrient solution.
The invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention is using needle mushroom slag as the primary raw material of seedling medium compression blocks, on the one hand, realizes agriculture waste
The resource reutilization of object needle mushroom slag, reduces the use of traditional matrices turf, and effectively save non-renewable resources drop simultaneously
Low matrix cost；On the other hand, mushroom slag itself nutritional ingredient abundant, especially P elements are abundant, are conducive to the life of crop seedling
Long development；Mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and nutritious liquid prescription are used, the nursery performance of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks is effectively improved.
(2) present invention can be played slowly using having water suction, the high hydroscopic resin for inhaling salt ability as swelling agent and binder
The effect for discharging moisture and nutrient, effectively improves water conservation, fertilizer conservation effect of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks, while improving matrix
Block interstitial milieu promotes seedling healthy growth.
(3) present invention adds appropriate vermiculite, the good gas permeability of vermiculite and suction on the basis of using mushroom slag as primary raw material
It is aqueous to effectively increase the mushroom slag matrix compression blocks coefficient of expansion, improve substrate block internal void environment；
(4) mushroom slag matrix compression blocks prepared by the present invention have preferable physics anti-damage performance and the coefficient of expansion, wherein
The radial collapse resistance power of matrix reaches 3.6N, and axial collapse resistance power reaches 11.3N, non-breakable in use process；
(5) mushroom slag matrix compression blocks prepared by the present invention can directly carry out nursery of sowing seeds, and can carry out tape base transplanting, reduce and move
Root system is protected in damage of the plant process to seedlings root, is promoted transplanting efficiency, is reduced seedling-slowing stage, even up to without seedling-slowing stage, favorably
It grows up healthy and sound in seedling；It without totes such as hole trays, economizes on resources, reduces dirty waste pollution；Traditional granular media matrix is saved to spill
Water stirring, sabot, work efficiency is high for easy to operate, nursery, is conducive to extensive unified management, low in cost, operation letter
Single, promotional value height；It solves tradition and subtracts that primary raw material in turf hole plate seedling growth is non-renewable, seedling cost is high, discarded hole tray
Pollute environment, crop seedling transplants root technical problem easy to damage；
(6) the raised an infant seedling germination percentage of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks prepared by the present invention, emergence rate, survival rate, growth and development shape
Condition can reach or better than traditional matrices nursery effect, can be used for replacing traditional matrices.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cylindric mushroom slag matrix compression blocks main view of Examples 1 to 5 preparation；
Fig. 2 is the cylindric mushroom slag matrix compression blocks top view of Examples 1 to 5 preparation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and preparation and method for culturing seedlings, below with reference to embodiment to the present invention
It is described further.
The mushroom slag itself that the present invention uses is rich in nutritional ingredient, and nutritional ingredient is by a large amount of during mushroom-cultivating
Decomposition makes its trophic structure tend towards stability, and the short texture of itself is porous, and granularity is big, since it is mostly crumb structure, with soil
The structure of earth is more close, is suitable for arable farming matrix.Mushroom slag is applied to soil and carries out long-time data tracking, as a result
Show that waste material of edible mushroom improves to the content of the soil organism, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humic acid and Hu Min especially in soil
Acid content is apparently higher than other processing, and positive effect is played in terms of soil fertility.
Embodiment 1
Raw material: needle mushroom slag is the compost waste after production needle mushroom, wherein the master of needle mushroom compost
Want ingredient and nutrient content as shown in table 1, table 2:
The main component (mass percent) of 1 needle mushroom compost of table
The nutrient content of 2 needle mushroom slag of table
Mushroom slag matrix compression blocks are prepared as steps described below:
(1) needle mushroom mushroom slag fermentation: being calculated in mass percent, added in the needle mushroom slag of table 2 10% corn stover,
2% cellulose-decomposing bacterium and 0.15% high hydroscopic resin (on the basis of needle mushroom slag amount) carry out at quick composting fermentation
Reason 24 days, the degradation rate of cellulose reaches 25.04%, obtains the stable needle mushroom slag fermentation material of nutritional ingredient；
In obtained needle mushroom slag fermentation material, every 1kg needle mushroom slag fermentation material contain 0.7559kg organic matter,
15.68mg available nitrogen, 10.01g rapid available phosphorus, 108.35mg available potassium；
(2) prepared by high hydroscopic resin: under the conditions of ice-water bath, by acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide solution in mass ratio (0.6~
1.4): 1 is mixed evenly；Initiator is added by acrylic acid mass percent 0.5%~2.5% into mixed solution, and stirs
It mixes to dissolution, initiator is ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogensulfite equimolar mixture；Acrylic acid quality hundred is pressed into mixed solution
Divide and crosslinking agent is added than 0.1%~0.5%, and stir to dissolution, crosslinking agent is polyethylene glycol (200) diacrylate；To mixed
Close and press acrylic acid and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose mass ratio in solution as (4~8): 1 is added hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and stirring is extremely
Dissolution；Obtained mixture is placed in micro-wave oven 4.5~8.5min of heating reaction under the conditions of 210W, gained head product is taken out and sets
After impregnating 2~3h in ethyl alcohol, dries under the conditions of 70~80 DEG C to constant weight, crushed 80~100 mesh nylon mesh screens and obtain end
Product.Gained hypromellose base high water-absorption resin sucks ionized water multiplying power and is up to 497.13g/g, inhales salt (0.9%
Sodium chloride solution) multiplying power is up to 61.70g/g.
(3) needle mushroom slag fermentation material and vermiculite are mixed according to mass ratio 1:0, and adds 2% hydroxypropyl methyl fibre
Plain high hydroscopic resin is tieed up as swelling agent and binder, obtains the mixed substrate that moisture content is 25%；Finally in compression device
Apply the pressure of 22N, compress to obtain the cylindric mushroom slag matrix compression blocks that specification is 50 × h50mm of Φ, tool with the compression ratio of 2:1
Body is as shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2~5
Mixing mass ratio with needle mushroom slag fermentation material and vermiculite is respectively 1:1,2:1,4:1,8:1, according to implementation
The identical method of example 1 prepares mushroom slag matrix compression blocks.
Control group 1
With turf as a control group 1, the coefficient of expansion, full is carried out to mushroom slag matrix compression blocks made from turf and example 1~5
It is as shown in table 3 with performance tests, the detailed results such as moisture content.
3 Examples 1 to 5 of table is compared with 1 physical property of control group
Note: the lowercase that same row is different in table indicates the difference in the case where Duncan Multiple range test (p < 0.05) is horizontal
Significantly, n=3.
From the data in table 2, it can be seen that addition vermiculite is conducive to improve the coefficient of expansion of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks in right amount, improve matrix
Block internal pore structure, and then improve saturated aqueous rate.
Embodiment 6
The mushroom slag matrix compression blocks seedling cave that No. 19 cucumber seeds implantation Examples 1 to 5 of middle peasant after vernalization are prepared
In, granular media matrix is covered, quantitative nutrient solution was poured every 10 days, suitable water was poured every 3 days and carries out nursery work, culture
To 37 days；The wherein main component of nursery nutrient solution: 280mg/L nitrogen, 38.75mg/L phosphorus, 280.8mg/L potassium.
Using turf hole tray as seedling medium as a control group 2, using identical with Examples 1 to 5 mushroom slag matrix compression blocks
Method for culturing seedlings, influence and seedling raising process mesostroma compression blocks breakage rate situation of the comparative analysis different substrates to cucumber seedling.
Table 4 is cucumber seedling growth state vs data, and table 5 is Examples 1 to 5 mushroom slag matrix compression blocks breakage rate:
4 Examples 1 to 5 of table and 2 cucumber seedling data comparison of control group
Note: the lowercase that same row is different in table indicates the difference in the case where Duncan Multiple range test (p < 0.05) is horizontal
Significantly, n=3.
5 Examples 1 to 5 mushroom slag matrix compression blocks breakage rate of table
From table 4, it can be seen that the cucumber emergence rate of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks prepared by embodiment 1,2,5 is up to 100%,
It is suitable with turf effect；The cucumber seedling ground fresh weight value of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks prepared by embodiment 2,3 is greater than control group
Turf.From nursery effect as can be seen that the mushroom slag matrix compression blocks that Examples 1 to 5 is prepared can replace turf hole tray and educate
Seedling.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks, which is characterized in that based on mass fraction, including 50%~100% needle mushroom slag hair
Ferment material, 0~50% vermiculite further include the high hydroscopic resin of 2% needle mushroom slag fermentation material, vermiculite quality sum；Wherein acupuncture needle
The decomposed fermentation after needle mushroom slag, corn stover, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, high hydroscopic resin mixing of mushroom mushroom slag fermentation material obtains.
2. mushroom slag matrix compression blocks according to claim 1, which is characterized in that needle mushroom slag fermentation material contains
75.59% organic matter, 15.68mg/Kg available nitrogen, 10.01g/Kg rapid available phosphorus, 108.35mg/Kg available potassium.
3. mushroom slag matrix compression blocks according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high hydroscopic resin is that hydroxypropyl is fine
Plain base high water-absorption resin is tieed up, ionized water multiplying power≤497.13g/g is sucked, inhales salt multiplying power≤61.70g/g.
4. the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 3 mushroom slag matrix compression blocks, which is characterized in that the preparation method
The following steps are included:
(1) as mass fraction, by 10% corn stover, 2% cellulose-decomposing bacterium, 0.15% high hydroscopic resin and needle mushroom
Slag mixing, decomposed fermentation process 24 days obtain needle mushroom slag fermentation material；
(2) uniformly mixing needle mushroom slag fermentation material, vermiculite, high hydroscopic resin obtain the mixed substrate that moisture content is 25%,
It compresses to obtain mushroom slag matrix compression blocks with compression ratio 2:1 under 22N pressure.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the preparation of the super absorbent resin includes following step
It is rapid:
(1) under the conditions of ice-water bath, by acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide solution (0.6~1.2) in mass ratio: 1 is mixed evenly, and obtains
To mixed solution；
(2) initiator is added by acrylic acid mass percent 0.5%~2.5% into mixed solution obtained by step (1), and stirs
To dissolution, initiator is ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogensulfite equimolar mixture；
(3) crosslinking agent is added by acrylic acid mass percent 0.1%~0.5% into mixed solution obtained by step (2), and stirs
To dissolution, crosslinking agent is polyethyleneglycol diacrylate；
(4) be (4~8) by acrylic acid and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose mass ratio into step (3) mixed solution: 1 is added hydroxypropyl
Ylmethyl cellulose, stirring to dissolution；
(5) mixture that step (4) obtains is placed in micro-wave oven, 4.5~8.5min of heating reaction, takes out gained under 210W
Head product is placed in ethyl alcohol after 2~3h of immersion, is dried under the conditions of 70~80 DEG C to constant weight, be crushed 80~100 mesh nylon wires
Sieve, obtains hypromellose base high water-absorption resin.
6. the method for carrying out nursery using any one of the claims 1 to 33 mushroom slag matrix compression blocks, which is characterized in that will urge
Seed after bud is implanted into the seedling cave of the mushroom slag matrix compression blocks, covers granular media matrix, nutrient solution, water.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, containing 280mg/L nitrogen, 38.75mg/L in the nutrient solution
Phosphorus, 280.8mg/L potassium.
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| CN201910059374.3A CN109479669A (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2019-01-22 | A kind of mushroom slag matrix compression blocks and preparation and method for culturing seedlings |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112913673A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-06-08 | 曾佳 | Disposable disposable degradable soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN114631443A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | 深圳市南理工技术转移中心有限公司 | Biomass nutrition basin and using method and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111512928A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-11 | 长沙华脉新材料有限公司 | Biodegradable plastic base soil and preparation method thereof |
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