CN109470236A - A kind of star sensor - Google Patents
A kind of star sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109470236A CN109470236A CN201811414471.1A CN201811414471A CN109470236A CN 109470236 A CN109470236 A CN 109470236A CN 201811414471 A CN201811414471 A CN 201811414471A CN 109470236 A CN109470236 A CN 109470236A
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- gridiron pattern
- grating
- postposition
- preposition
- array
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/02—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
- G01C21/025—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means with the use of startrackers
Abstract
Star sensor provided by the invention, it include: preposition gridiron pattern grating, postposition gridiron pattern grating, gridiron pattern optical wedge array, convergence optical system and planar array detector, the total input light incidence being made of target light and sky background light enters to be made of in shearing interferometer the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern grating, by adjusting the relative angle of the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern grating, form the two-dimentional interference fringe of a complete cycle, the gridiron pattern optical wedge array carries out bidimensional spectroscopy to incident two-dimentional interference fringe, the light splitting light beam formed after the gridiron pattern optical wedge array bidimensional spectroscopy gathers the target surface of the planar array detector after the convergence optical system, and the bidimensional phase information of the two-dimentional interference fringe is obtained according to the hot spot light intensity of the target surface and corresponding phase extraction algorithms , to realize the synchronous high accuracy positioning of bidimensional.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optictracking device technical field, in particular to a kind of star sensor.
Background technique
Optical tracking technology is a widely used general technology.It can be used for being accurately directed to, flying and put down for laser beam
The position of platform and posture holding and the high-precision pointing of heavy caliber photo-electric telescope etc..Star tracking equipment, commonly known as
Star sensor obtains position and the posture information of aircraft (satellite etc.) by detecting the stellar field distribution of large area.
Starlight is generally converged to the target surface of detector array by traditional star sensor using optical lens, by focal length,
The methods of small pixel and the sub-pix mass center extraction based on interpolation method realize the high accuracy positioning to target.Current accessible essence
Degree is about the 1/10 to 1/50 of pixel.For the camera of 2K*2K, positioning accuracy of traditional star sensor in 20 ° of visual fields
About 1~2 ".In order to obtain higher positioning accuracy, the camera lens of more long-focus, the camera of bigger target surface, this meeting need to be generally used
More volume, more weight and more high power consumption are caused, this is very unfavorable for the flying platform of resource anxiety.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem, OPC (Optical Physics Company) company proposes a kind of dry based on shearing
Relate to the novel interferometry star sensor with fringe phase extracting method.OPC company, which has proven to the technology, can realize 20 ° of * 20 ° of views
The field, " precision of (3 σ) of 2Hz response speed and 0.11.However, this star sensor that they propose can only realize one-dimensional measurement.
In order to realize two-dimensional measurement, they need two independent coaxial registrations of star sensor.Registration process increases answering for manufacture
Miscellaneous degree and period.In addition, the increase of volume, weight and power consumption also at double after two equipment combinations, is unfavorable for flying platform load
Lotus is distributed rationally.
Summary of the invention
Have in view of that, it is necessary to which in view of the defects existing in the prior art, providing one kind may be implemented the synchronous high-precision of two dimension
The star sensor of positioning.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of star sensor, comprising: preposition gridiron pattern grating, postposition gridiron pattern grating, gridiron pattern optical wedge array, converging light
System and planar array detector, the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern grating form shearing interferometer, in which:
The total input light incidence being made of target light and sky background light enters by the preposition gridiron pattern grating and described
Postposition gridiron pattern grating forms in shearing interferometer, by adjusting the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern grating
Relative angle, formed a complete cycle two-dimentional interference fringe；
The gridiron pattern optical wedge array carries out bidimensional spectroscopy to incident two-dimentional interference fringe, through the gridiron pattern wedge battle array
The light splitting light beam formed after column bidimensional spectroscopy gathers the target surface of the planar array detector, and root after the convergence optical system
The bidimensional phase information of the two-dimentional interference fringe is obtained according to the light intensity and respective phase extraction algorithm of the hot spot of the target surface.
In some preferred embodiments, the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern grating are phase type light
Grid.
In some preferred embodiments, the size of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array and the preposition gridiron pattern grating and institute
Stating postposition gridiron pattern grating composition shearing interferometer, to be formed by interference fringe region equal or slightly smaller.
In some preferred embodiments, the wedge unit number of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array is at least 3
It is a.
In some preferred embodiments, the wedge unit number of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array with used
Phase extraction algorithms it is corresponding.
In some preferred embodiments, the convergence optical system is achromatic lens group.
In some preferred embodiments, the clear aperture of the convergence optical system is greater than the gridiron pattern optical wedge array
The beam array range exported.
In some preferred embodiments, the focused spot size of the convergence optical system is approximately equal to the face battle array detection
1 or 2 Pixel Dimensions in device.
In some preferred embodiments, the planar array detector is CCD camera or CMOS camera or photodiode
Array PDA.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme the advantages of be:
Star sensor provided by the invention, the total input light incidence being made of target light and sky background light enter by described
In preposition gridiron pattern grating and postposition gridiron pattern grating composition shearing interferometer, by adjusting the preposition gridiron pattern grating
With the relative angle of the postposition gridiron pattern grating, the two-dimentional interference fringe of a complete cycle, the gridiron pattern wedge battle array are formed
It arranges and bidimensional spectroscopy, the light splitting light formed after the gridiron pattern optical wedge array bidimensional spectroscopy is carried out to incident two-dimentional interference fringe
The target surface of the planar array detector is gathered after convergence optical system described in Shu Jing, and according to the hot spot light intensity and phase of the target surface
The phase extraction algorithms answered obtain the bidimensional phase information of the two-dimentional interference fringe, so that it is high-precision fixed to realize that bidimensional synchronizes
Position.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of star sensor provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is preposition gridiron pattern grating provided in an embodiment of the present invention and postposition gridiron pattern grating and is formed by two-dimentional dry
Relate to the structural schematic diagram of striped；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of gridiron pattern optical wedge array provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is hot spot array distribution figure on detector target surface provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, being the structural schematic diagram of star sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: preposition gridiron pattern light
Grid 2, postposition gridiron pattern grating 3, gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4, convergence optical system 5 and planar array detector 6, the preposition gridiron pattern
Grating 2 and the postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 form shearing interferometer.
The concrete scheme of all parts described further below.
The preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and the postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 form shearing interferometer, so as to real simultaneously
The now shear interference of horizontal and vertical both direction forms two-dimensional interference fringe distribution, two-dimensional interference fringe distribution difference
The two-dimentional Angle Position of corresponding target.
Referring to Fig. 2, incident by the preposition chessboard for the total input light 1 being made of target light and sky background light
The bidimensional interference fringe 10 formed in lattice grating 2 and the postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 composition shearing interferometer.
In some preferred embodiments, the preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and the postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 are phase type
Grating.
It is appreciated that since preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 answer selected phase type grating, to inhibit
The interference of zero order light.The screen periods and grating space of preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 are from can be according to work
Make the specific functional requirement such as spectral bandwidth, dispersion inhibition and Advanced Diffraction Xanthophyll cycle to select.
Preferably, the screen periods in the horizontal and vertical direction of grating of preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and postposition gridiron pattern grating 3
Optional 50 μm, the optional 5cm of distance between the two.It is appreciated that the screen periods and grating space of other sizes are from can root
It is selected according to the specific functional requirement such as operating spectral bandwidth, dispersion inhibition and Advanced Diffraction Xanthophyll cycle.
In some preferred embodiments, the wedge unit number of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 is at least 3
It is a.
It is appreciated that bidimensional interference fringe is incident on the surface of gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4, each wedge unit can will enter
The light beam for being mapped to its surface introduces an inclination angle.
In some preferred embodiments, the wedge unit number of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 is at least 3
It is a, and the wedge unit number of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 is corresponding with used phase extraction algorithms.
It is appreciated that the gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 may include 4 wedge units in practice, can also it is more (can be more
Up to 5,8 even 10 or more).The unit number and used phase extraction of each dimension of gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 are calculated
Method is corresponding.3 step phase extraction algorithms are selected if each dimension is using 3 units, use 4 steps if if it is 4 units
Phase extraction algorithms, and so on.In addition, more unit numbers can cover more fringe periods (> 1), therefore measure number
According to redundancy to inhibit influence of noise and improve signal-to-noise ratio.
Referring to Fig. 3, being the structural representation that the present invention is the gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 that a preferred embodiment provides
Figure.
In this embodiment, the corresponding wedge type 27 of wedge unit 11 and 13, the corresponding wedge type 28 of wedge unit 16 and 18,
Wedge unit 19 and 21 corresponds to wedge type 29, the corresponding wedge type 30 of wedge unit 24 and 26, and wedge unit 12 and 14 corresponds to
Wedge type 31, the corresponding wedge type 32 of wedge unit 15 and 17, the corresponding wedge type 33 of wedge unit 20 and 22, wedge unit
23 and 25 corresponding wedge types 34.Different wedge types has different two-dimentional angle of wedge combinations (i.e. horizontal or x-axis direction wedge
The combination at angle and vertical or y-axis direction the angle of wedge).
In some preferred embodiments, the size of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 and the preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and
It is equal or slightly smaller that the composition of postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 shearing interferometer is formed by interference fringe region.
In some preferred embodiments, the convergence optical system 5 is achromatic lens group.
Further, its clear aperture of convergence optical system 5 is greater than the beam array model that gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 is exported
It encloses, focal length should ensure that focused light spot diameter is smaller, be approximately equal to 1 or 2 Pixel Dimensions in planar array detector 6.
The planar array detector 6 is CCD camera or CMOS camera or photodiode array PDA.It is appreciated that face battle array
The indexs such as detectivity, operating spectral width, resolution ratio and the Pixel Dimensions of detector 6 should according to specific application requirement come
Selection.
Referring again to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, star sensor provided by the invention, working method is as follows:
The total input light 1 being made of target light and sky background light is incident to be entered by the preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and institute
It states postposition gridiron pattern grating 3 to form in shearing interferometer, by adjusting the preposition gridiron pattern grating 2 and the postposition gridiron pattern
The relative angle of grating 3 forms the two-dimentional interference fringe of a complete cycle；
The incident two-dimentional interference fringe of 4 pairs of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array carries out bidimensional spectroscopy, through the gridiron pattern wedge
The light splitting light beam formed after 4 bidimensional spectroscopy of array gathers the target of the planar array detector 6 after the convergence optical system 5
Face, and obtain according to the hot spot light intensity of the target surface and corresponding phase extraction algorithms the bidimensional phase of the two-dimentional interference fringe
Information.
It is appreciated that the output beam of gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4 after convergence optical system 5, converges to face battle array detection
On the target surface of device 6,8 different hot spots of brightness are formed.The unit and 6 target surface hot spot of planar array detector of gridiron pattern optical wedge array 4
Corresponding relationship it is as follows: the corresponding hot spot 35 of wedge unit 11 and 13, the corresponding hot spot 36 of wedge unit 16 and 18,19 He of wedge unit
21 corresponding hot spots 37, the corresponding hot spot 38 of wedge unit 24 and 26, the corresponding hot spot 39 of wedge unit 12 and 14, wedge unit 15 and 17
Corresponding hot spot 40, the corresponding hot spot 41 of wedge unit 20 and 22, the corresponding hot spot 42 of wedge unit 23 and 25.
It is appreciated that the intensity of hot spot 35,36,37 and 38 respectively represents the bidimensional interference fringe 10 of shearing interferometer formation
In level or x-axis direction light distribution at equal intervals (phase intervals are pi/2) distribution 4 light intensity values；Hot spot 39,40,41
With 42 intensity respectively represent shearing interferometer formation bidimensional interference fringe 10 in vertical or y-axis direction light distribution in etc.
4 light intensity values of (phase intervals are pi/2) distribution are spaced, after overconvergence, the light distribution point of every dimension of interference fringe
Not Dui Ying four hot spots, so Two dimensional Distribution corresponds to eight hot spots, corresponding four hot spots of every dimension phase each other in phase
Poor pi/2.
It is appreciated that utilizing the phase extraction method similar with phase shifting interferometer, calculated by the light intensity of four hot spots
Striped is in the phase of the dimension, and since fringe phase extracting method is more mature, and precision is better than λ/100, therefore this method can be with
Realize high position precision；Equally, the fringe phase of another dimension can also equally calculate, can be real from there through the star sensor
It is extracted while the bidimensional phase information of existing interference fringe, to realize the synchronous high accuracy positioning of bidimensional.
Certainly star sensor of the invention can also have a variety of transformation and remodeling, it is not limited to the tool of above embodiment
Body structure.In short, protection scope of the present invention should include those obvious changes to those skilled in the art
It changes or substitutes and retrofit.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of star sensor characterized by comprising preposition gridiron pattern grating, postposition gridiron pattern grating, gridiron pattern wedge battle array
Column, convergence optical system and planar array detector, the preposition gridiron pattern grating and postposition gridiron pattern grating composition shearing are dry
Interferometer, in which:
The total input light incidence being made of target light and sky background light enters by the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition
Gridiron pattern grating forms in shearing interferometer, by adjusting the phase of the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern grating
To angle, the two-dimentional interference fringe of a complete cycle is formed；
The gridiron pattern optical wedge array carries out bidimensional spectroscopy to incident two-dimentional interference fringe, through the gridiron pattern optical wedge array two
The light splitting light beam formed after dimension light splitting gathers the target surface of the planar array detector after the convergence optical system, and according to institute
The hot spot light intensity and corresponding phase extraction algorithms for stating target surface obtain the bidimensional phase information of the two-dimentional interference fringe.
2. star sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the preposition gridiron pattern grating and the postposition gridiron pattern
Grating is phase grating.
3. star sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the wedge of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array
Unit number is at least 3.
4. star sensor as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the wedge of each dimension of the gridiron pattern optical wedge array
Unit number is corresponding with used phase extraction algorithms.
5. star sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the clear aperture of the convergence optical system is greater than described
The beam array range that gridiron pattern optical wedge array is exported.
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| CN113280810A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Star sensor and detection method thereof |
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