CN101477199A - Rectangular optical wedge array telescope antenna of synthetic aperture laser imaging radar - Google Patents

Abstract

A rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, which is composed of a rectangular wedge array, an objective lens, an eyepiece, a spectroscope, a rectangular aperture photodetector array, a rectangular aperture laser emitter array and a reflector in sequence, wherein the rectangular wedge array is located at the front focal plane of the objective lens, the rectangular aperture photodetector array is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece, the rectangular aperture laser emitter array is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece, the spectroscope splits and combines the light beam from the rectangular aperture laser emitter array or from the objective lens and the light beam entering the rectangular aperture photodetector array, the focal length of the objective lens is _f1 , the focal length of the eyepiece is _f2 , and the distance between the objective lens and the eyepiece is _f1 + _f2 . The present invention is used as an optical receiving and transmitting antenna, and can produce a large-width scanning strip and high-resolution imaging in azimuth.

Description

Rectangular Wedge Array Telescope Antenna for Synthetic Aperture LiDAR

technical field

The invention relates to a synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, which is a rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, which is used as an optical receiving and transmitting antenna, and can produce large-width scanning strips and high-resolution imaging in azimuth.

Background technique

The principle of synthetic aperture laser imaging radar (SAIL) is taken from the principle of synthetic aperture radar in the radio frequency field, and it is the only optical imaging observation method that can obtain centimeter-level resolution at long distances. The optical toe scale on the target surface determined by the divergence of the emitted laser light and the directionality of heterodyne reception is the optical diffraction limit of the telescope objective lens. Since the optical frequency and wavelength are very small, generally on the order of microns, the optical toe is relatively narrow. This is an inherent problem with synthetic aperture lidar. Someone in the United States proposed an improved scheme (Reference 1), using a small-aperture laser emission system to generate a large target illumination area, and at the same time using a small-aperture multi-channel optical system with multi-aperture multi-detectors to achieve large-area echo signal reception, thereby Realize large-width scanning stripes, but this method is almost impossible to realize in engineering. The following are existing references on synthetic aperture imaging lidar:

(1) R.L.Lucke, M.Bashkansky, J.Reintjes, and F.Funk, "Synthetic aperture ladar (SAL): fundamental theory, design equations for a satellite system, and laboratory demonstration," NRL/FR/7218—02-10 , 051, Naval Research Laboratory, Dec.26, 2002.

(2) W. Buell, N. Marechal, J. Buck, R. Dickinson, D. Kozlowski, T. Wright, and S. Beck, "Demonstration of synthetic aperture imaging ladar," Proc. of SPIE, Vol.5791, PP.152-166(2005).

(3) J. Ricklin, M. Dierking, S. Fuhrer, B. Schumm, and D. Tommlison, "Synthetic aperture ladar for tactical imaging," DARPA Strategic Technology Office.

(4) Liren Liu, Synthetic Aperture LiDAR (I): Defocus and Phase Offset Telescope Receiver Antenna[J], Acta Optics Sinica, 2008, 28(5): 997-1000.

(5) Liu Liren, Synthetic Aperture LiDAR (II): Spatial Phase Bias Transmitting Telescope [J], Acta Optics Sinica, 2008, 28(6): 1197-1200.

(6) Liren Liu, Synthetic Aperture LiDAR (III): Two-way Loop Transmitting and Receiving Telescope [J], Acta Optics Sinica, 2008, 28(7): 1405-1410.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar. The rectangular aperture telescope is used as an optical receiving and transmitting antenna to produce a rectangular optical toe that conforms to the scanning method of the synthetic aperture lidar imaging radar, and can obtain uniform azimuth imaging resolution, especially to control the laser radar optical toe in the azimuth and Its vertical scale controls the optical toe scale and imaging resolution. The optical telescope antenna arranged in a rectangular optical wedge array can arrange the optical toes generated by each sub-aperture in a reasonable manner to obtain a large-width scanning strip. Therefore, the rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture lidar is used as the optical receiving and transmitting antenna, which can produce large-width scanning strips and high-resolution imaging in azimuth.

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, characterized in that: the rectangular wedge array telescope consists of a rectangular wedge array, an objective lens, an eyepiece, a beam splitter, a rectangular aperture photodetector array, a rectangular Aperture laser emitter array and reflector, described rectangular light wedge array, objective lens, eyepiece, beam splitter, rectangular aperture laser emitter array are located on an optical path in sequence, and described rectangular light wedge array is positioned at the described objective lens Front focal plane, the rectangular aperture photodetector array is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece, the rectangular aperture laser emitter array is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece, and the rectangular aperture photodetector array is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece The array and the mirrors are respectively located on the reflected light paths of the two sides of the beam splitter, the focal length of the objective lens is f ₁ , the focal length of the eyepiece is f ₂ , the objective lens and the eyepiece The distance between is f ₁ +f ₂ , and the magnification of the telescope is $m=\frac{f_1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="f"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_2},$ The beam splitter splits and combines the light beams from the rectangular aperture laser emitter array, the light beams from the objective lens and the light beams entering the rectangular aperture photodetector array.

When the rectangular wedge array telescope is used as a receiving optical antenna, the rectangular wedge array and the objective mirror face the target, the rectangular wedge array is the entrance pupil of the receiving telescope, and the beam splitter reflects the echo beam To the rectangular aperture photodetector array, each unit rectangular optical wedge on the rectangular optical wedge array and the unit rectangular detectors on the rectangular aperture photodetector array correspond to imaging one by one: the rectangular optical wedge The side lengths of each unit rectangular light wedge in the light wedge array are l _x , ly _y , the period between the unit rectangular light wedges is L _y , and the condition L _y ≥ ly _y is satisfied, the rectangular aperture photodetector array The scale of the unit rectangular detector on is l _{x, r} , l _{y, r} , satisfying $\frac{l_x}{l_{x,r}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y},r}}=m.$

When the rectangular wedge array telescope is used as a transmitting optical antenna, the rectangular aperture laser transmitter array emits laser light through the rectangular wedge array, and the unit rectangular light source on the rectangular aperture laser transmitter array Imaging in one-to-one correspondence with each unit rectangular light wedge on the rectangular light wedge array: the side lengths of each unit rectangular light wedge in the rectangular light wedge array are respectively l _x , ly _y , between the unit rectangular light wedges The period is L _y , satisfying the condition L _y ≥ _ly , the scale of the unit rectangular light source on the rectangular aperture laser emitter array is l _{x, t} , ly _{, t} , satisfying $\frac{l_x}{l_{x,t}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y},t}}=m;$ The beam splitter reflects part of the light intensity of the rectangular aperture laser emitter array to the reflector, returns to the rectangular aperture photodetector array through the beam splitter, and acts as an optical heterodyne Received local oscillating light source array, at this time each unit rectangular light source of the described rectangular aperture laser emitter array corresponds one-to-one to the unit rectangular detectors on the described rectangular aperture photodetector array: the described rectangular aperture laser The scales lx _{, t} , ly _{, t} of the unit rectangular light sources on the emitter array are respectively equal to the scales lx _{, r} , ly _{, r} of the unit rectangular detectors on the rectangular aperture photodetector array.

The rectangular optical wedge array is composed of 2K+1 unit rectangular optical wedges, wherein K=0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ... ±K, and the unit rectangular optical wedges with K=0 are flat optical wedges, The vertex angle of the unit rectangular light wedge of the K block is K times of the basic vertex angle, the side lengths of the unit rectangular light wedges are l _x , ly _y respectively, and the period between the unit rectangular light wedges is L _y , the basic vertex Angle is: ${\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{the\; y}}=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{(\mathrm{no}-1)l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}},$ The l _x width of the illumination by the object plane $\mathrm{\&delta;\&alpha;}=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_x}$ Determined, l _y is determined by the scanning stripe width ${\mathrm{\&delta;\&beta;}}_k=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ determined, and the scan strip width ${\mathrm{\&delta;\&beta;}}_k=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ and resolution diameter $\mathrm{\&delta;d}=\frac{\mathrm{D.}}{N}$ The value range of the ratio is generally 10 ² to 10 ³ , and the overlapping distance width of the object surface illumination is: $\mathrm{\&Delta;\&beta;}=((K-1)P+1)\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}},$ In the formula: D is the diameter of the telescope of the present invention, N is the constant of the relationship between the equivalent radius of curvature f _ft and the target distance z expressing the final azimuth phase quadratic term history, P is the overlapping factor, and K is the aperture number, λ is the wavelength, n is the refractive index of the glass rectangular light wedge, and the arrangement order of the unit rectangular light wedges in the rectangular light wedge array (1) is arbitrary.

The rectangular optical wedge array is composed of K=0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ..., +(K-2), +(K-1), +k asymmetric multiple unit rectangular optical wedges constitute.

The rectangular optical wedge array is directly placed in front of the objective lens, but at the same time, a field lens is placed on the rear focal plane of the objective lens to compensate for the distance between the rectangular optical wedge array and the front focal plane of the objective lens. Additional phase quadratic term due to distance.

The cross-section of the unit rectangular wedges of the rectangular wedge array is a right triangle, trapezoid, or regular triangle with chamfered corners.

The rectangular light source of each unit of the rectangular aperture laser emitter array is a coherent array laser light source, or an incoherent array laser light source.

The laser emitted by each unit rectangular light source of the rectangular aperture laser emitter array is a plane wave or an elliptical Gaussian beam.

Technical effect of the present invention:

Using the rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the present invention as the antenna of the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar has the following characteristics:

(1) the optical telescope of single rectangular aperture is used as the optical receiving and transmitting antenna in the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar and can produce rectangular optical toe, and any target point all experiences equal scanning path, so the optical telescope of rectangular aperture of the present invention is Conforms to the scanning method of synthetic aperture lidar imaging.

(2) The transmit beam divergence of the rectangular aperture antenna and the optical heterodyne receiving directivity function are separate variable functions in the azimuth direction and the vertical direction, and the two side lengths of the optimal rectangular aperture can be designed to control the laser respectively. The scale of the radar optical toe in the azimuth direction and its vertical direction, resulting in a large scan width and high resolution in the azimuth direction.

(3) The optical telescope antenna arranged in a rectangular optical wedge array can arrange each sub-aperture in a reasonable manner, and the resulting optical toe can obtain a large-width scanning strip. Therefore, the rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture lidar is used as the optical receiving and transmitting antenna, which can produce large-width scanning strips and high-resolution imaging in azimuth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the rectangular aperture telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

Please refer to FIG. 1 first. FIG. 1 is a system schematic diagram of the rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture imaging lidar of the present invention. Fig. 1 is also a system schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the composition of the rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar of the present invention is successively a rectangular wedge array 1, an objective lens 2, an eyepiece 3, a beam splitter 4, a rectangular aperture photodetector array 5, and a rectangular aperture laser emitting array 6 and mirror 7,

The rectangular wedge array 1 is located at the front focal plane of the objective lens 2, the rectangular aperture photodetector array 5 is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece, and the rectangular aperture laser emitter array 6 is located at the The rear focal plane of the eyepiece, the beam splitter 4 is positioned behind the eyepiece 3, the beam splitter 4 is positioned in front of the rectangular aperture photodetector array 5, and the beam splitter 4 is positioned at the rectangular aperture In front of the laser emitter array 6, the focal length of the objective lens 2 is f ₁ , the focal length of the eyepiece 3 is f ₂ , and the distance between the objective lens 2 and the eyepiece 3 is f ₁ +f ₂ , the magnification of the telescope is $m=\frac{f_1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="f"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_2}.$ The arrangement order of the unit rectangular wedges of the rectangular wedge array 1 in this embodiment is based on the flat wedge with K=0, and is arranged in the order of increasing K in the upper and lower parts, and the wedge angles are sequentially increased in the upward K>1 positive direction, and downward If K<1, the opposite direction increases the wedge angle arrangement in turn.

When the telescope is used as a receiving optical antenna, the rectangular wedge array 1 and the objective lens 2 face the target, the rectangular wedge array 1 is the entrance pupil of the receiving telescope, and the beam splitter 4 reflects the echo beam to the The rectangular aperture photodetector array 5, the unit rectangular optical wedges on the rectangular optical wedge array 1 and the unit rectangular detectors on the rectangular aperture photodetector array 5 are imaged in one-to-one correspondence.

When the telescope is used as a transmitting optical antenna, the laser emitted by the rectangular aperture laser emitter array 6 is emitted through the rectangular wedge array 1, and the unit rectangular laser source on the rectangular aperture laser emitter array 6 is connected to the The unit rectangular light wedges on the rectangular light wedge array 1 are imaged one by one, and the beam splitter 4 reflects part of the light intensity of the rectangular aperture laser emitter array 6 to the reflector 7, and returns to the Arrive at described rectangular aperture photodetector array 5 through described spectroscope 4, as the local oscillation light source array of optical heterodyne reception, at this moment the unit rectangular laser source of described rectangular aperture laser emitter array 6 and described The unit rectangular detectors on the aforementioned rectangular aperture photodetector array 5 correspond one-to-one.

In fact, when the telescope is used as a receiving optical antenna, it is necessary to compensate the phase of the quadratic term in space (Reference 4), and when the telescope is used as a transmitting optical antenna, it can be controlled to generate a suitable phase quadratic term history (Reference 5), and the telescope When it is used as a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna at the same time, it is necessary to adopt a bidirectional loop structure to implement phase compensation and offset respectively (Reference 6). The telescope set by the present invention can meet the above-mentioned conditions of use. Therefore, the equivalent radius of curvature f _ft of the final azimuth phase quadratic term history can be expressed as:

$\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ft</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; add</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

Among them: f _r is the radius of curvature of the phase history component generated when the echo is received, f _t is the radius of curvature of the phase history component generated by the transmitting beam, f _add is the radius of curvature of the additional phase history component generated by the space phase offset of the transmitting telescope . For example f _ft = f _t = z in the region of Fraunhofer diffraction and no additional bias is considered (ref. 5). For simplicity, a constant N is used to express the relationship between f _ft and z:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; ft</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; add</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

The azimuth imaging resolution can generally be estimated by the following formula

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;d</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; N</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

Where: D is the diameter of the optical antenna.

The present invention is described in detail below by taking the present embodiment as an example:

Let the direction from the target point to the lidar be the z direction, the antenna center along the radar movement azimuth direction be the x direction, and its vertical direction be the y direction, so the global coordinate system is (x, y, z). The side lengths of each unit rectangular wedge in the rectangular wedge array 1 are l _x , ly _y respectively, and the ratio of the side lengths is defined as $S_1=\frac{l_x}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}},$ The period between the wedges is L _y , so the center position of the kth wedge is at (x=0, y=kL _y ), where the condition L _y ≥ ly _° The local coordinates of the kth wedge The system is set as (x _k , y _k , z _k ), which satisfies the coordinate system transformation relationship (x _k = x, y _k = y-kL _y , z _k = z), so its coordinate origin is at (x = 0, y=kL _y , z=0). The dimensions of the unit rectangular light source on the rectangular aperture laser emitter array 6 are l _{x, t} , ly _{y, t} , then must satisfy $\frac{l_x}{l_{x,t}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y},t}}=m.$ The dimensions of the unit rectangular detectors on the rectangular aperture photodetector array 5 are l _{x, r} , l _{y, r} , then must satisfy $\frac{l_x}{l_{x,r}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y},r}}=m.$

The function of the telescope as a transmitting optical antenna can be briefly described as follows:

When the telescope is used as a transmitting optical antenna, the light field of the normalized emitting laser light generated by the kth rectangular aperture wedge light source on the output surface of the rectangular wedge array 1 can be expressed as

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; rect</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; exp</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout></span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; rect</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

Where: n is the refractive index of the optical wedge glass, Δθ _y is the basic apex angle of the unit rectangular optical wedge, and λ is the laser wavelength. The emission field strength produces the divergence directionality function of the emission beam as

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; *</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

Among them: θ _{x, k} and θ _{y, k} are the orientation angles in the x _k direction and y _k direction of the k-th local coordinate system, respectively, ^{and *} represents the convolution integral.

The function of the telescope as a receiving optical antenna can be briefly described as follows:

When the telescope is used as a receiving optical antenna, the receiving aperture function of the rectangular wedge in the kth unit of the rectangular wedge array 1 is

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; rect</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; exp</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout></span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; rect</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

The aperture function produces optical heterodyne receiving directivity The directivity function is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; *</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k\&Delta;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

Definition: The optical toe is the joint action range of the emission spot and the heterodyne effective receiving area on the target surface, so when the telescope is used as the transmitting and receiving antenna at the same time, the k-th unit rectangular wedge aperture produces the comprehensive directional function of the optical toe for

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Theta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

$<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; [</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; sin</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; *</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; ]</span>}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}$

It can be seen that the center of the directional function is located at (θ _{x, k} (0) = 0, θ _{y, k} (0) = (n-1)kΔθ _y ), and the position of the first zero point of the directional function in the x direction is at ${\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x,k}=\&PlusMinus;\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{l_x},$ That is, the directional width in the x direction is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

The position of the first zero point of the directional function in the y direction is at ${\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{the\; y},k}=\&PlusMinus;\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{l_x}+(\mathrm{no}-1)k{\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{the\; y}},$ That is, the directional width in the y direction is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

The global coordinate system on the target surface can be expressed by (α, β), α is parallel to x, β is parallel to y, and the center is on the z axis. The local coordinate system of the optical toe produced by the kth unit rectangular optical wedge on the target surface is set as (α _k , β _k ), which satisfies the coordinate relationship (α _k =x, β _k =β-k(n- 1) Δθ _y z),

Therefore, the origin of its coordinates is at (α=0, β=k(n-1)Δθ _y z). It can be seen that the distance width in the α _k direction is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

The distance width in the direction of β _k is

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&beta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

Therefore, the width ratio of the directionality function of a single rectangular optical wedge is

$\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&beta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; k</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

The distance between the aperture toe directional functions of the two unit rectangular optical wedges in the y direction is (n-1)Δθ _y , so that each single directional function is combined in the y direction to form an overlapping and elongated scanning strip. Let the overlap factor of a single function be P(P≤1), then require

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout></span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

Or the basic vertex angle of the rectangular optical wedge of the unit is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\&theta;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout></span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;</span>}}{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

At this time, the total directional width Σθ _y in the y direction produced by the telescope composed of 2K+1 unit rectangular light wedges is

Σθ _y = ((K-1)P+1)δθ _y ,

Therefore, the directivity width ratio of the directivity function of the telescope composed of 2K+1 unit rectangular light wedges is

S _K ＝((K-1)P+1)S ₁ °

It can also be converted to the target surface, and the distance width in the α direction is

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&delta;\&alpha;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>$

The overlapping distance width in the β direction is

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;\&beta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; K</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&lambda;z</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; y</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; .</span>$

The rectangular optical wedge array 1 of this embodiment is composed of 2K+1 (K=0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ...±K) unit rectangular optical wedges, and the flat optical wedge with K=0 as the reference The top and bottom are arranged in the order of K, the upward K>1 positive direction increases the optical wedge angle sequentially, and the downward K<1 reverse direction increases the optical wedge angle sequentially. If K<1, the wedge angles are arranged in descending order in the opposite direction, and even the unit rectangular wedge mirrors can be arranged in any order not according to the order of k on the aperture. Experimental analysis shows that the technical effect in the far field is the same.

Below is the design of a specific embodiment:

Synthetic aperture lidar imaging requires an imaging observation distance Z of 500km, a wavelength of 1.55um, a resolution diameter δd of less than 100mm, a scanning swath width of 140m, and a ratio of swath width to resolution greater than 10 ³ . The rectangular wedge array telescope is used as the optical heterodyne receiving antenna and the plane wave transmitting antenna at the same time, depending on the resolution requirements $\mathrm{\&delta;d}=\frac{\mathrm{D.}}{N}$ A single rectangular aperture is designed to take N=2, so l _x =200mm, and according to the rectangular hole diffraction theorem, the $\mathrm{\&delta;\&alpha;}=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_x}$ The object plane lighting width is 7.75m. Take l _y =100mm, according to the rectangular hole diffraction ${\mathrm{\&delta;\&beta;}}_k=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ The obtained single-hole illumination scanning strip width is 15.5m. Adopt aperture number K=11 and overlap factor P=0.8, then overlap distance width $\mathrm{\&Delta;\&beta;}=((K-1)P+1)\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ The final value is 139.5m, and the basic apex angle of the optical wedge is required at this time ${\mathrm{\&Delta;\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{the\; y}}=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="A200910045638E00141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{(\mathrm{no}-1)l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ Δθ _y =12.4 μrad.

Claims (10)

1. A rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of a synthetic aperture laser imaging radar, characterized in that: the formation of the rectangular wedge array telescope includes a rectangular wedge array (1), an objective lens (2), an eyepiece (3), Spectroscope (4), rectangular aperture photodetector array (5), rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) and mirror (7), described rectangular wedge array (1), objective lens (2), eyepiece ( 3), beam splitter (4), rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) are positioned on an optical path successively, and described rectangular optical wedge array (1) is positioned at the front focal plane of described objective lens (2), described The rectangular aperture photodetector array (5) is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece (3), and the described rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) is located at the rear focal plane of the eyepiece (3), and the The rectangular aperture photodetector array (5) and the reflector (7) are respectively located on the reflective light paths on both sides of the beam splitter (4), and the focal length of the objective lens (2) is f ₁ , so The focal length of the eyepiece (3) is _f2 , the distance between the objective lens (2) and the eyepiece (3) is _f1 + _f2 , and the magnification of the telescope is $m=\frac{f_1}{f_2},$ The beam splitter (4) splits and combines the light beams from the rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) or from the objective lens (2) and the light beams entering the rectangular aperture photodetector array (5) . 2. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, characterized in that when the rectangular wedge array telescope is used as a receiving optical antenna, the rectangular wedge array (1) and The objective lens (2) faces the target, the rectangular wedge array (1) is the entrance pupil of the receiving telescope, and the beam splitter (4) reflects the echo beam to the rectangular aperture photodetector array (5) Each unit rectangular optical wedge on the described rectangular optical wedge array (1) and the unit rectangular detectors on the described rectangular aperture photodetector array (5) correspond to one-to-one imaging: the rectangular optical wedge array ( The side lengths of each unit rectangular optical wedge in 1) are l _x , ly _y respectively, the period between the unit rectangular optical wedges is L _y , and the condition L _y ≥ _ly is satisfied, the rectangular aperture photodetector array ( 5) The scales of the unit rectangular detectors are l _{x, r} , l _{y, r} , satisfying $\frac{l_x}{l_{x,r}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y},r}}=m.$ 3. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, wherein when the rectangular wedge array telescope is used as a transmitting optical antenna, the rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6 ) emit the laser light through the rectangular optical wedge array (1), the unit rectangular light source on the described rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) and each unit rectangular light source on the described rectangular optical wedge array (1) One-to-one wedge imaging: the side lengths of each unit rectangular wedge in the rectangular wedge array (1) are l _x , ly _y respectively, and the period between the unit rectangular wedges is L _y , satisfying the condition L _y ≥l _y , the scale of the unit rectangular light source on the rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) is l _{x, t} , l _{y, t} , satisfying $\frac{l_x}{l_{x,t}}=\frac{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y},t}}=m;$ Described beam splitter (4) reflects part of the light intensity of described rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) to described reflector (7), returns and reaches the described beam splitter (4) again The rectangular aperture photodetector array (5), as the local oscillation light source array of optical heterodyne reception, at this moment each unit rectangular light source of described rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6) and described rectangular aperture photoelectric detection Unit rectangular detectors on the device array (5) correspond one-to-one: the scale l _{x of the unit rectangular light source on the described rectangular aperture laser emitter array (6), t} , l _{y, t} are respectively with the described rectangular aperture The unit rectangular detectors on the photodetector array (5) have the same dimensions lx _{, r} , ly _{, r} . 4. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, characterized in that said rectangular wedge array (1) is composed of 2K+1 unit rectangular wedges, wherein K=0 , ±1, ±2, ±3, ... ±K, the unit rectangular optical wedge of K=0 is a flat optical wedge, the apex angle of the Kth unit rectangular optical wedge is K times the basic apex angle, and the unit The side lengths of the rectangular light wedges are l _x , ly _y , the period between the unit rectangular light wedges is L _y , and the basic vertex angle is: $\mathrm{\&Delta;}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{the\; y}}=P\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{(\mathrm{no}-1)l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}},$ The l _x width of the illumination by the object plane $\mathrm{\&delta;\&alpha;}=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_x}$ Determined, l _y is determined by the scanning stripe width ${\mathrm{\&delta;\&beta;}}_k=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ determined, and the scan strip width ${\mathrm{\&delta;\&beta;}}_k=\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}}$ and resolution diameter $\mathrm{\&delta;d}=\frac{\mathrm{D.}}{N}$ The value range of the ratio is 10 ² to 10 ³ , and the overlapping distance width of the object plane illumination is: $\mathrm{\&Delta;\&beta;}=((K-1)P+1)\frac{2\mathrm{\&lambda;z}}{l_{\mathrm{the\; y}}},$ In the formula: D is the diameter of the telescope of the present invention, N is the constant of the relationship between the equivalent radius of curvature f _ft and the target distance z expressing the final azimuth phase quadratic term history, P is the overlapping factor, and K is the aperture number, λ is the wavelength, n is the refractive index of the glass rectangular light wedge, and the arrangement order of the unit rectangular light wedges in the rectangular light wedge array (1) is arbitrary. 5. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 4, characterized in that the rectangular wedge array (1) consists of K=0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ... ..., +(K-2), +(K-1), +k asymmetric multiple unit rectangular optical wedges. 6. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the arrangement order of the unit rectangular wedges of the rectangular wedge array (1) is K=0 Flat optical wedges are used as the reference, and they are arranged in ascending order of K, upwards K>1 positive direction increases the optical wedge angle, downwards K<1 reverse direction increases the optical wedge angles sequentially, or on the contrary arranges in K decreasing order, upwards K The positive direction of >1 decreases the wedge angle sequentially, and the downward K<1 reverse direction decreases the wedge angle sequentially. 7. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular wedge array (1) is placed directly in front of the objective lens, but at the same time A field lens is placed on the rear focal plane of the objective lens to compensate for the additional phase quadratic term generated due to the distance between the rectangular optical wedge array (1) and the front focal plane of the objective lens. 8. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna for synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the unit rectangular wedge of the rectangular wedge array (1) is a right triangle with chamfered corners , trapezoid, or equilateral triangle. 9. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of the synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, characterized in that each unit rectangular light source of the described rectangular aperture laser transmitter array (6) is a coherent array laser light source, or an incoherent Array laser light source. 10. The rectangular wedge array telescope antenna of synthetic aperture laser imaging radar according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser emitted by each unit rectangular light source of the rectangular aperture laser transmitter array (6) is a plane wave, or an elliptical Gaussian beam.

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