CN109456807B - 一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109456807B
CN109456807B CN201910008782.6A CN201910008782A CN109456807B CN 109456807 B CN109456807 B CN 109456807B CN 201910008782 A CN201910008782 A CN 201910008782A CN 109456807 B CN109456807 B CN 109456807B
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sulfonate
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潘伟荣
赵良红
陈子健
范爱民
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Guangdong Communications Polytechnic
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Abstract

本发明属于柴油发动机燃油添加剂的技术领域,尤其涉及一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供了一种柴油添加剂,包括以下组分:环己基乙烯醚、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、4‑氨基乙酰苯胺、混合醇、有机溶剂、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐、表面活性剂和醛类物。本发明提供了一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用,用于解决现有技术柴油添加剂存在降低PM5以下颗粒物质生成效果不明显,容易产生二次污染或损坏设备的技术缺陷。

Description

一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于柴油发动机燃油添加剂的技术领域,尤其涉及一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
长期以来,随着城市工业的发展,大气污染日益严重。机动车数量的增加,使得尾气污染物排放总量迅速增加,特别是柴油机主要排放物为PM(颗粒状物质),大气环境中总悬浮颗粒物浓度普遍超标;控制柴油机尾气排放主要是控制颗粒物质PM生成,降低PM的直接排放。目前,世界各国都在致力于减少柴油机颗粒排放的技术研究。为了降低颗粒物质PM生成,提高燃烧效率,在内燃机领域主要有两个技术途径:一是在燃油加入添加剂,二是增加或改进设备(如各种净化器)。第二个途径投资大、技术难度较高,所以第一个途径更容易接受。
而燃油的燃烧效率直接影响了节能减排的效果,柴油添加剂,是为了弥补燃油自身存在的质量问题和机动车机械制造极限存在的不足,从而达到对汽油发动机能够克服冷激效应、缝隙效应,清除进气阀、电喷嘴的积碳,对柴油发动机能够克服喷油嘴难以更加细雾化以及产生残油后滴的问题,对汽油和柴油发动机车辆都能够达到保护发动机工况、实现燃油的更完善和更完全的燃烧,从而达到清除积碳、节省燃油、降低排放、增强动力等功效。
柴油添加剂由有机纳米分子及清净活化因子、抗氧、防腐等10多种材料组成。针对于油品中硫、胶质物以及发动机积碳等有害成份研制,并改善十六烷值,柴油添加剂具有提升动力、促进燃烧做功、抗氧抗磨、清洗、分散、破乳、防腐、润滑等功效。因此,柴油添加剂可以改善油质,促进燃油充分燃烧,提高燃烧效率,节省燃油;可以提高其雾化质量,使燃油充分燃烧降低颗粒物质PM生成,达到减少大气污染的目的。
目前的柴油添加剂存在降低PM5以下颗粒物质生成效果不明显,产生二次污染或损坏设备的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种环保的柴油添加剂,可以明显降低柴油机主要排放物为PM(颗粒状物质)的生成,特别是PM5以下较为明显,有效实现柴油机尾气的净化,从而达到减少大气污染的目的,同时添加剂使燃油充分燃烧,有提高柴油机燃料经济性的作用。
本发明提供了一种柴油添加剂,包括以下组分:环己基乙烯醚、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、4-氨基乙酰苯胺、混合醇、有机溶剂、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐、表面活性剂和醛类物。
作为优选,所述混合醇选自乙醇和丁醇。
作为优选,所述有机溶剂选自2-硝基丙烷和甲苯。
作为优选,所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠和亚油酸二乙醇酰胺。
作为优选,所述醛类物选自甲醛。
作为优选,所述长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐选自长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸镁或/和长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸钙。
作为优选,按照质量份计算,包括以下组分:
乙醇15~20份、丁醇10~15份、甲醛7~12份、环己基乙烯醚4~8份、4-氨基乙酰苯胺5~10份、2-硝基丙烷3~5份、甲苯5~10份、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐5~8份、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯12~18份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠6~9份和亚油酸二乙醇酰胺5~8份。
作为优选,按照质量份计算,包括以下组分:
乙醇18份、丁醇13份、甲醛8份、环己基乙烯醚6份、4-氨基乙酰苯胺10份、2-硝基丙烷4份、甲苯9份、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐7份、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯11、十二烷基苯磺酸钠8份和亚油酸二乙醇酰胺6份。
本发明还提供了柴油添加剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在常温常压下,将环己基乙烯醚、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、4-氨基乙酰苯胺、混合醇、有机溶剂、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐、表面活性剂和醛类物混合形成柴油添加剂。
本发明还功能公开了上述柴油添加剂添加与柴油混合在降低柴油发动机尾气的颗粒状物质中的应用,所述柴油添加剂占所述柴油添加剂和所述柴油的质量之和的1%-2%。
本发明的目的为了降低颗粒物质PM生成,使柴油起燃温度降低,燃烧速度增快,促使柴油完全燃烧。现有的柴油添加剂存在降低颗粒物质生成,特别是PM5以下不明显的缺陷,以及现有的柴油添加剂添加二次污染或损坏设备的金属化合物,如氧化铈、氧化镧、二茂铁等添加物,导致现有的柴油添加剂容易产生二次污染和容易损坏设备的技术问题。本发明的目就是提供一种柴油添加剂,可以降低柴油发动机尾气颗粒物质PM的生成,特别是PM5以下较为明显,有效实现柴油机尾气的净化,从而达到减少大气污染的目的,同时添加剂使燃油充分燃烧,有提高柴油机燃料经济性的作用,且本发明的柴油添加剂不含有二次污染或损坏设备的金属化合物。将本发明的柴油添加剂加入柴油后与没有添加本发明的柴油添加剂的柴油进行对比试验,柴油机尾气中颗粒物质PM生成总量最大下降53.5%,其中PM5以下生成总量最大下降了62.5%,同时燃油消耗最大下降7%。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种柴油添加剂及其制备方法和应用,用于解决现有技术柴油添加剂存在降低PM5以下颗粒物质生成效果不明显,容易产生二次污染或损坏设备的技术缺陷。
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
其中,以下实施例所用原料均为市售或自制。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种柴油添加剂,由以下质量份数原料组成:
乙醇13份、丁醇18份、甲醛18份、环己基乙烯醚12份、4-氨基乙酰苯胺4份、2-硝基丙烷10份、甲苯4份、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸镁6份、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯10份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠5份、亚油酸二乙醇酰胺6份。
在常温常压的条件下,将乙醇、丁醇、甲醛、环己基乙烯醚、4-氨基乙酰苯胺、2-硝基丙烷、甲苯、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸镁、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、亚油酸二乙醇酰胺混合后导入搅拌釜中搅拌,搅拌转速1400转/分,搅拌13分钟,静置55分钟后,得到对比例1的柴油添加剂。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供了一种柴油添加剂,由以下质量份数原料组成:乙醇18、丁醇13份、甲醛8份、环己基乙烯醚6份、4-氨基乙酰苯胺10份、2-硝基丙烷4份、甲苯9份、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸镁7份、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯11、十二烷基苯磺酸钠8份、亚油酸二乙醇酰胺6份。
在常温常压的条件下,将乙醇、丁醇、甲醛、环己基乙烯醚、4-氨基乙酰苯胺、2-硝基丙烷、甲苯、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸镁、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、亚油酸二乙醇酰胺混合后导入搅拌釜中搅拌,搅拌转速1400转/分,搅拌13分钟,静置55分钟后,得到实施例1的柴油添加剂。
实施例2
本实施例提供了使用实施例1和对比例1在柴油机进行颗粒物的实验,实验方法如下:
在广东顺德柴油机厂的柴油机进行,柴油机的型号为DLH195-D,额定功率为9.4KW,冷却方式为水冷,单缸柴油机,将实施例1与柴油按表1的比例混合使用在柴油机,实施例1与柴油的混合物的样品序号为1-4(表1是实施例1的柴油添加剂与柴油混合比例),其中1号为没有添加添加剂的纯0#柴油,将对比例1与柴油按表2的比例混合使用在柴油机,对比例1与柴油的混合物的样品序号为5-7(表2是对比例1的柴油添加剂与柴油混合比例),通过微粒计数器(Lighthouse HANDHELD 3016,Lighthouse)、柴油机排放仪(V347,SAXON)、电涡流测功机(DW50,启动鑫鑫测功器有限公司)、柴油机烟度计(YD-1,南华仪器)检测柴油机的相关参数以及排放物参数,其中,测量环境中温度为18℃,相对湿度为65%,大气压为103KPa,实施例1和对比例1的结果如表3-6所示。其中,TPM为颗粒物总量;PM1.0为指小于等于1.0um的颗粒物含量,其余类似。在发动机额定功率、全负荷状态下测定发动机转速r/min、测功功率(实测)(kw)和测功扭矩N.m,序号1-7的发动机转速r/min、测功功率(实测)(kw)和测功扭矩N.m分别为2200、9.4和40.8。
表1
Figure BDA0001936443900000051
表2
Figure BDA0001936443900000052
表3
Figure BDA0001936443900000053
Figure BDA0001936443900000061
表4
序号 光吸收系数K(m<sup>-1</sup>)
1 0.65
2 0.31
3 0.30
4 0.22
5 0.40
6 0.36
7 0.31
从表3-4可知,添加了实施例1的0#柴油与纯0#柴油数据对比,实施例1的PM5.0、TPM、CO、HC及K均有明显的下降,其中以添加了质量分数为2%的实施例1的最好,其中PM5.0下降到达62.5%,表5所示为添加了质量分数为2%的实施例1与没有添加添加剂的纯0#柴油数据对比。
表5
Figure BDA0001936443900000062
表5解释:添加了质量分数为2%的实施例1与没有添加添加剂的纯0#柴油的颗粒物含量和尾气含量的下降百分比(%)的计算方法为:PM5.0=(添加了质量分数为2%的实施例1的PM5.0含量—纯0#柴油的PM5.0含量)/添加了质量分数为2%的实施例1的PM5.0含量,如(187.65-70.39)/187.65*100%=62.49%,以此方法计算TPM、CO、HC和K的下降百分比。
同时计算实施例1的添加剂与对比例1的添加剂的颗粒物含量和尾气含量的下降百分比,结果如表6所示,在添加相同质量分数的情况下,实施例1的TPM、CO、HC及K分别比对比例1都有较明显下降。见表6,实施例1与对比例1的结果数据对比,计算方法与表5相同。
表6
Figure BDA0001936443900000071
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种柴油添加剂,其特征在于,包括以下组分:环己基乙烯醚、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、4-氨基乙酰苯胺、混合醇、有机溶剂、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐、表面活性剂和醛类物;所述混合醇选自乙醇和丁醇;所述有机溶剂选自2-硝基丙烷和甲苯;所述表面活性剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钠和亚油酸二乙醇酰胺;所述醛类物选自甲醛;按照质量份计算,包括以下组分:
乙醇18份、丁醇13份、甲醛8份、环己基乙烯醚6份、4-氨基乙酰苯胺10份、2-硝基丙烷4份、甲苯9份、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐7份、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯11、十二烷基苯磺酸钠8份和亚油酸二乙醇酰胺6份。
2.一种柴油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
在常温常压下,将环己基乙烯醚、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯、4-氨基乙酰苯胺、混合醇、有机溶剂、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐、表面活性剂和醛类物混合形成柴油添加剂;按照质量份计算,包括以下组分:
乙醇18份、丁醇13份、甲醛8份、环己基乙烯醚6份、4-氨基乙酰苯胺10份、2-硝基丙烷4份、甲苯9份、长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸盐7份、烯丙酸乙氧乙酯11、十二烷基苯磺酸钠8份和亚油酸二乙醇酰胺6份。
3.权利要求1所述的柴油添加剂或权利要求2所述的制备方法制备的柴油添加剂添加与柴油混合在降低柴油发动机尾气的颗粒状物质中的应用,其中,所述柴油添加剂占所述柴油添加剂和所述柴油的质量之和的1%-2%。
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