CN109439949A - A method of using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy - Google Patents
A method of using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109439949A CN109439949A CN201811495273.2A CN201811495273A CN109439949A CN 109439949 A CN109439949 A CN 109439949A CN 201811495273 A CN201811495273 A CN 201811495273A CN 109439949 A CN109439949 A CN 109439949A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
- C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
- C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
- C22C1/1021—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform the preform being ceramic
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to composite material correlative technology fields, it discloses a kind of using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method, method includes the following steps: (1) prepares porous ceramics green body using 3D printing extrusion molding process, and the porous ceramics green body is dried and is sintered to form porous ceramics;(2) composite model is provided, the porous ceramics is embedded into the composite model, so that the composite model seals the porous ceramics;(3) outer surface of the composite model is coated with coating and is put into progress vibration ramming filling moulding in sandbox after drying;(4) magnesium alloy molten metal is poured in Xiang Suoshu composite model, the magnesium alloy molten metal is completed to fill type and solidification under conditions of negative pressure of vacuum and vibration, and then obtains porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy.Preparation section of the present invention is simple, and cost is relatively low, and efficiency is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to composite material correlative technology fields, use the porous pottery of lost foam casting more particularly, to a kind of
Porcelain/composite material of magnesium alloy method.
Background technique
Magnesium alloy is most light structural metallic materials, it has, and specific strength and specific stiffness are high, thermal conductivity is good, dimensionally stable,
Damping noise reduction ability is prominent, electromagnetic wave shielding is good and excellent casting, machinability, and is easily recycled, and is widely applied
In fields such as aerospace, automobile, communication electronics and military projects.Meanwhile China is the big country of magnesium resource and magnesium production, reserves and production
Amount occupies first place in the world.However, magnesium alloy mechanical property lower (especially high-temperature behavior), corrosion resistance and wearing no resistance, this is very
The application of magnesium alloy is limited in big degree.Ceramic material has high fusing point and hardness, and chemical stability is stronger, thermal expansion
Coefficient is low and stable friction factor, has many advantages, such as good wearability and heat-resisting quantity, is widely applied at present,
But ceramic material poor toughness, brittleness are big.Therefore, by combining magnesium alloy and ceramic material the characteristics of, ceramics, which are made into, to be had
The skeleton structure of three-dimensional space connection, magnesium alloy is filled into one entirety of formation in three-dimensional space porous ceramics, in three-dimensional space
The upper excellent properties in combination with ceramics and magnesium alloy, so that two kinds of material uniformly continuous distributions, overcome the performance shortcomings of itself, make
Standby porous ceramics-composite material of magnesium alloy out, the composite material have the overall merit of magnesium alloy and ceramics, hence it is evident that improve magnesium
Mechanical property, corrosion resistance and the wearability of alloy, greatly expand the application range of magnesium alloy, before having biggish application
Scape.
Currently, preparing porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method mainly has spontaneous infiltration and Pressure Infiltration technology, from
The process for sending out impregnation technology is relatively easy, and cost is relatively low, and reinforcement content has certain design freedom, and composite material is mechanical
It has excellent performance;However, the technology has strict demand to melt infiltration temperature and soaking time.Due to no impressed pressure, composite wood
The consistency of material is relatively low, and infiltration temperature is higher, and soaking time is longer, so that the combination interface of ceramic/metal reacts
Cenotype is generated, composite property is deteriorated;Also, it in order to improve ceramics and intermetallic wetting ability, also needs to carry out ceramics
Surface treatment.The infiltration process of Pressure Infiltration technology is very fast, and the time is shorter, and composite material is comparatively dense, therefore composite material
Can be superior, and Pressure Infiltration technology the high requirements on the equipment, ceramic phase reinforcement are easy to happen collapsing, preparation process cost under external force
It is higher.
Wherein, evaporative pattern manufacture is a kind of inexpensive, environmental-friendly green precision casting technology, is suitble to production complicated
Al alloys andMg alloys precision casting.Currently, existing document, which is disclosed, prepares porous ceramics/iron-based compound using Technology of EPC
Material needs first to carry out metalized to ceramic surface to improve the wetting ability of molten metal and ceramics, so increases preparation
Process and cost.Correspondingly, there is develop a kind of preparation section simply to use lost foam casting porous ceramics/magnesium for this field
The technical need of the method for alloy composite materials.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the porous pottery of lost foam casting is used the present invention provides a kind of
Porcelain/composite material of magnesium alloy method is studied for the problems of in terms of the preparation method of magnesium alloy and porous ceramics
And to devise a kind of preparation section simple, lower-cost using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy side
Method.The method prepares porous ceramics green body using 3D printing extrusion molding process, and preparation cost is lower, and easily prepared each
The porous ceramics that kind is complicated, aperture is different, ceramic matrix intensity and precision are higher.Increased by applying vibration in casting process
The wetability of metal and porous ceramics, while facilitating molten metal filling porous ceramics gap position, whole preparation process is not required to
Want additional equipment, it is only necessary to which the original equipment of lost foam casting can be completed, and process is simple, low in cost, superior in quality, tool
There is biggish application prospect.
To achieve the above object, lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy is used the present invention provides a kind of
Method, method includes the following steps:
(1) porous ceramics green body is prepared using 3D printing extrusion molding process, and the porous ceramics green body is carried out
Dry and sintering is to form porous ceramics;
(2) composite model is provided, the porous ceramics is embedded into the composite model, so that the composite model is close
Seal the porous ceramics;
(3) outer surface of the composite model is coated with coating and is put into progress vibration ramming back-up sand in sandbox after drying and made
Type;
(4) magnesium alloy molten metal is poured in Xiang Suoshu composite model, the magnesium alloy molten metal is in negative pressure of vacuum and vibration
Under conditions of complete to fill type and solidification, and then obtain porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy.
Further, step (1) includes following sub-step:
(11) Al for being 5 μm~20 μm by partial size2O3Or SiC particulate and binder be stirred after using ball mill ball milling
It is uniformly mixed to obtain slurry, and uniformly mixed slurry is put into needle tubing;
(12) bottom plate is preheated, and opens equipment and starts printing to obtain porous ceramics green body;
(13) the porous ceramics green body is removed after slurry is dry, and the porous ceramics green body is put into heat-treatment furnace
Inside it is sintered;
(14) furnace cooling after being sintered, then obtains the porous ceramics.
Further, the preheating temperature that the bottom plate uses is preheated as 40 DEG C~60 DEG C.
Further, a height of 0.3mm~0.5mm of printable layer, print speed are 20mm/s~30mm/s.
Further, for the sintering temperature used when sintering for 1200 DEG C~1400 DEG C, sintering time is 2h~3h.
Further, the composite model includes casting portion bubbles model and running gate system part foam model, described
Casting portion bubbles model bonds together with the running gate system part foam model;The porous ceramics is arranged at described
In casting portion bubbles model, the casting portion bubbles model seals the porous ceramics.
Further, the ratio between volume of the casting bubbles model and the porous ceramics is 5~10.
Further, in step (3), after the outer surface of the composite model is coated with coating, then by the composite model
It is put into filling moulding and vibration ramming in sandbox after drying, closes shake table after moulding;Meanwhile at the top of the sandbox
Layer of plastic film is covered, and sprue cup is installed.
Further, the sandbox is vacuumized from the bottom of the sandbox using vacuum pump component in step (4),
So that the vacuum degree negative pressure of the sandbox is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa.
Further, in step (4), vibration frequency when casting is 50Hz~100Hz, and amplitude is 2mm~4mm;It is described
The pouring temperature of magnesium alloy molten metal is 750 DEG C~800 DEG C.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, it is provided by the invention to adopt
It is mainly had the advantages that with lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method
1. preparing porous ceramics green body using 3D printing extrusion molding process, preparation cost is low, and can be easier to
The porous ceramics that various shape is complicated, aperture is different is prepared, ceramic matrix intensity and precision are higher.
2. being poured magnesium alloy molten metal into the composite model, the magnesium alloy molten metal is in negative pressure of vacuum and vibration
Under the conditions of complete fill type and solidification, by casting process apply vibration increase metal and porous ceramics wetability, simultaneously
Be conducive to the hole position of molten metal filling porous ceramics.
3. whole preparation process does not need additional equipment, it is only necessary to which the original equipment of lost foam casting can be completed, work
Sequence is simple, low in cost, superior in quality, has biggish application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is better embodiment offer of the present invention using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy
The flow diagram of method.
Fig. 2 is first embodiment of the invention offer using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy
The Casting Equipment that method is related to is in the schematic diagram of use state.
Fig. 3 is being beaten using what lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method was related to using 3D in Fig. 2
Print extrusion molding process prepares the flow diagram of porous ceramics.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is used to denote the same element or structure, in which: 1- porous ceramics,
2- casting portion bubbles model, 3- running gate system part foam model, 4- sandbox, 5- dry sand, 6- three dimensional vibration table, 7- plastics are thin
Film, 8- vacuum pump component, 9- sprue cup, 10- liquid magnesium alloy, a- ceramic particle, b- binder, c- ceramic slurry, d- needle tubing,
E- bottom plate, f- porous ceramics green body.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Referring to Fig. 1, better embodiment offer of the present invention uses lost foam casting porous ceramics/magnesium alloy composite wood
The method of material, the described method comprises the following steps:
Step 1 prepares porous ceramics green body using 3D printing extrusion molding process, and by the porous ceramics green body into
Row is dry and is sintered to form porous ceramics.
Specifically, firstly, the Al for being 5 μm~20 μm by partial size2O3Or SiC particulate and binder be stirred after using ball
Uniformly mixed slurry is put into needle tubing, the internal diameter of the syringe needle of the needle tubing by grinding machine ball milling mixing uniformly to obtain slurry
For 0.4mm~0.6mm.Then, bottom plate is preheated, preheating temperature is 40 DEG C~60 DEG C, and a height of 0.3mm of printable layer is arranged
~0.5mm, print speed are 20mm/s~30mm/s, and starting device starts printing to obtain porous ceramics green body.Later, wait starch
The porous ceramics green body is removed after material is dry, and the porous ceramics green body is put into heat-treatment furnace and is sintered, is sintered
Temperature is 1200 DEG C~1400 DEG C, and sintering time is 2h~3h, and furnace cooling after sintering then obtains porous ceramics.It is described more
The aperture of hole ceramics is 0.3mm~2mm.
Step 2 provides composite model, the porous ceramics is embedded in the composite model, so that the composite model
The porous ceramics is sealed.
Specifically, composite model is provided, the composite model includes casting portion bubbles model and running gate system part bubble
Foam model, the casting portion bubbles model bond together with the running gate system part foam model.It then, will be described more
Hole ceramics are set in the casting portion bubbles model, and the casting portion bubbles model seals the porous ceramics
Come.Wherein, the ratio between volume of the casting portion bubbles model and the porous ceramics is 5~10.
In present embodiment, the preparation of the composite model is adopted the following steps are included: with foam cutting machine cutting cystosepiment
The part that the porous ceramics is exposed to the atmosphere is sealed with cystosepiment;Then, it is poured using the production of same cystosepiment
Injection system part foam model, and running gate system part foam model and casting portion bubbles model are bonded together to form
State composite model.
The outer surface of the composite model is coated with coating and is put into progress vibration ramming in sandbox after drying and filled out by step 3
Sand molding.
Specifically, after the outer surface of the composite model being coated with coating, then sand will be put into after composite model drying
Filling moulding and vibration ramming, close shake table after moulding in case.Layer of plastic film is covered at the top of the sandbox,
And sprue cup is installed.
Step 4, Xiang Suoshu composite model is interior to be poured magnesium alloy molten metal, and the magnesium alloy molten metal is in negative pressure and vibration
Under conditions of complete to fill type and solidification, and then obtain porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy.
Specifically, it opens vacuum pump to vacuumize the sandbox from the sandbox bottom, so that the sandbox is true
Reciprocal of duty cycle negative pressure is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa.Later, using resistance furnace in CO2+ 0.5%SF6Mixed gas protected lower Melting Magnesium closes
Gold.The shake table is opened before being poured the magnesium alloy molten metal, is then poured the magnesium alloy molten metal to the sprue cup,
The magnesium alloy molten metal completes filling and solidification processess under negative pressure and vibration, after the magnesium alloy molten metal completes solidification
Close vacuum pump and shake table.Later, casting is taken out from sandbox, and removes running gate system bubbles model to obtain porous pottery
Porcelain/composite material of magnesium alloy.In present embodiment, the vibration frequency that vibration clotting uses is 50Hz~100Hz, amplitude 2mm
~4mm first opens shake table before magnesium alloy pouring metal melt, turns off shake table after magnesium alloy molten metal solidifies completely;Institute
The pouring temperature for stating magnesium alloy molten metal is 750 DEG C~800 DEG C;The trade mark of magnesium alloy used is AZ91D, AZ31B or AZ63A.
Please refer to figs. 2 and 3, and what first embodiment of the invention provided uses lost foam casting porous ceramics/magnesium alloy
The method of composite material, the method combine lost foam casting, 3D extrusion technology and porous ceramics/magnesium alloy composite wood
The advantages of material, preparation section is simple, at low cost, and material property is high.
Method includes the following steps:
The first step prepares porous ceramics.Specifically, the preparation of porous ceramics is the following steps are included: be 7 μm by partial size
Al2O3Ceramic particle a is stirred with binder b, then uniformly obtains ceramic slurry c using ball mill ball milling mixing, will be mixed
Uniform ceramic slurry c is put into the needle tubing d that syringe needle internal diameter is 0.4mm.Then, bottom plate e is preheated, preheating temperature 40
DEG C, a height of 0.3mm of printable layer, print speed 20mm/s are set, and starting device starts to print.Later, after the completion of printing to
Porous ceramics green body f is removed after slurry is dry being put into heat-treatment furnace and be sintered, sintering temperature is 1400 DEG C, and sintering time is
2h, furnace cooling.Then, porous ceramics 1 is obtained after taking-up, the aperture of the porous ceramics 1 is 1mm.
Second step prepares composite model.Specifically, the preparation of the composite model with foam the following steps are included: cut
Machine-cut cuts cystosepiment, is sealed the porous ceramics 1 in the part of atmospheric exposure using the casting portion bubbles model 2 of well cutting
Get up.Then, running gate system part foam model 3 is made with cystosepiment, by the running gate system part foam model 3 and described
Casting portion bubbles model 2 is bonded together to form composite model.The casting portion bubbles model 2 and the porous ceramics 1
Volume ratio be 7.
Third step applies coating.Specifically, to the appearance painting coating of the composite model the following steps are included:
(1) lost foam casting coating powder and water are configured to mixed liquor by predetermined volume ratio 1:1, and the mixed liquor is stirred
It mixes uniformly;
(2) composite model is immersed in repeatedly in the mixed liquor, until coating is coated uniformly on the composite model
On all outer surfaces, and the composite model is dried in the drying box that temperature is 50 DEG C~60 DEG C;
4th step, buries sand molding.Specifically, the composite model bury sand molding the following steps are included:
(1) composite model is put into sandbox 4, adds the dry sand 5 of binder free into the sandbox 4;
(2) 6 consolidation of three dimensional vibration table is used.In present embodiment, vibration ramming, vibration are carried out using three dimensional vibration table 6
Frequency is 80Hz, amplitude 2.5mm.
5th step, vacuumizes.Specifically, layer of plastic film 7 is set on the top of the sandbox 4;Later, by described
The bottom of vacuum pump component 8 from the sandbox 4 is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree in the sandbox 4 is made to reach 0.06MPa.
6th step, magnesium alloy smelting.Specifically, AZ91D magnesium alloy ingot is cut into small pieces and is put into crucible, then by earthenware
Crucible is put into melting resistance furnace, is increased temperature and is carried out melting.SF is passed through in fusion process6The CO that volume fraction is 0.5%2Protection
Gas.
7th step opens vibration.Specifically, the switch for opening the three dimensional vibration table 6 vibrates the sandbox 4, vibration
Dynamic frequency is 80Hz, amplitude 3mm.
8th step, casting.Specifically, liquid magnesium alloy 10 is poured into the composite model from the sprue cup 9, it is complete
At casting process.In the present embodiment, pouring temperature is 780 DEG C.
9th step, cleaning.Specifically, taken out after casting is cooling, cut off running gate system part, with obtain porous ceramics/
Composite material of magnesium alloy.
It is provided by the invention using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method, this method uses 3D
Printing extrusion molding process can quickly, low cost prepare the porous ceramics in arbitrarily complicated shape and aperture, in negative pressure and under vibrating,
Wettability between the mold-filling capacity and ceramics and metal of molten metal greatly improves, vacuumizing when merely with lost foam casting
And vibration device, addition other equipment are not needed, do not need to handle ceramic surface, preparation section is simple, and cost is relatively low,
Porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy of high-performance and complexity can be prepared.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method, which is characterized in that this method include with
Lower step:
(1) porous ceramics green body is prepared using 3D printing extrusion molding process, and the porous ceramics green body is dried
And sintering is to form porous ceramics;
(2) composite model is provided, the porous ceramics is embedded into the composite model, so that the composite model seals institute
State porous ceramics;
(3) outer surface of the composite model is coated with coating and is put into progress vibration ramming filling moulding in sandbox after drying;
(4) magnesium alloy molten metal is poured in Xiang Suoshu composite model, the magnesium alloy molten metal is in negative pressure of vacuum and the item of vibration
It completes to fill type and solidification under part, and then obtains porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy.
2. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as described in claim 1, feature exists
In: step (1) includes following sub-step:
(11) Al for being 5 μm~20 μm by partial size2O3Or SiC particulate and binder be stirred after using ball mill ball milling mixing
Uniformly to obtain slurry, and uniformly mixed slurry is put into needle tubing;
(12) bottom plate is preheated, and opens equipment and starts printing to obtain porous ceramics green body;
(13) remove the porous ceramics green body after slurry is dry, and by the porous ceramics green body be put into heat-treatment furnace into
Row sintering;
(14) furnace cooling after being sintered, then obtains the porous ceramics.
3. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as claimed in claim 2, feature exists
In: the preheating temperature that the bottom plate uses is preheated as 40 DEG C~60 DEG C.
4. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as claimed in claim 2, feature exists
In: a height of 0.3mm~0.5mm of printable layer, print speed are 20mm/s~30mm/s.
5. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as claimed in claim 2, feature exists
In: for the sintering temperature used when sintering for 1200 DEG C~1400 DEG C, sintering time is 2h~3h.
6. the method for using lost foam casting porous ceramics and composite material of magnesium alloy as described in claim 1, feature exist
In: the composite model includes casting portion bubbles model and running gate system part foam model, the casting portion foam mold
Type bonds together with the running gate system part foam model;The porous ceramics is arranged at the casting portion foam mold
In type, the casting portion bubbles model seals the porous ceramics.
7. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as claimed in claim 6, feature exists
In: the ratio between volume of the casting bubbles model and the porous ceramics is 5~10.
8. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as described in claim 1, feature exists
In: in step (3), after the outer surface of the composite model is coated with coating, then sandbox will be put into after composite model drying
Middle filling moulding and vibration ramming, close shake table after moulding;Meanwhile it is thin in the top of the sandbox one layer of plastics of covering
Film, and sprue cup is installed.
9. using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method as claimed in claim 8, feature exists
In: the sandbox is vacuumized from the bottom of the sandbox using vacuum pump component in step (4), so that the sandbox
Vacuum degree negative pressure is 0.04MPa~0.08MPa.
10. as claim 1-9 is described in any item using lost foam casting porous ceramics/composite material of magnesium alloy method,
It is characterized by: in step (4), vibration frequency when casting is 50Hz~100Hz, and amplitude is 2mm~4mm;The magnesium alloy
The pouring temperature of molten metal is 750 DEG C~800 DEG C.
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CN110983089A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 华中科技大学 | Porous metal material and preparation method thereof |
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