CN109434254B - Welding process for large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate - Google Patents
Welding process for large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109434254B CN109434254B CN201811249155.3A CN201811249155A CN109434254B CN 109434254 B CN109434254 B CN 109434254B CN 201811249155 A CN201811249155 A CN 201811249155A CN 109434254 B CN109434254 B CN 109434254B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding process of a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate, which comprises the following steps: s1, polishing before welding, namely, checking welding equipment and a welding positioner, and polishing a cover plate to be welded and a cover plate flange sub-piece; s2, a pre-welding step, namely, combining the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-pieces, and pre-welding the combining positions; s3, a welding step, namely fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces on a welding positioner, adjusting the welding positioner to a welding station, and then welding the cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces; and S4, a detection step, namely taking down the finished product which is welded and cooled from the welding positioner, and detecting the finished product. The welding process has stable quality, good root fusion and good control of welding line energy. The formed welding line has good compactness, the surface is formed beautifully without appearance defects, and the qualification rate of helium mass spectrum leak detection of the welding line is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding process, in particular to a welding process for a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate, and belongs to the technical field of machining part treatment.
Background
The equipment support end cover plate, also called as the seal head in the industry, is an essential important part in various large-scale equipment. Taking the low-temperature superconducting NMR vacuum container used in the medical field as an example, the cover plate is needed to be used on the container. Due to the particularity of the medical field and the high requirement on the precision of the equipment, the requirement on the welding line on the cover plate is also extremely strict correspondingly.
The traditional manual argon tungsten-arc welding is a high-quality welding method, so the manual argon tungsten-arc welding method is widely applied to the industrial processing industry. The manual argon tungsten-arc welding has the characteristics of high current density, concentrated heat, high deposition rate, high welding speed, easiness in arc striking and the like, so that the welding process is preferred in order to achieve the highest processing quality in a plurality of application environments with extremely high quality requirements, such as the pipeline and pressure container manufacturing industry. However, in the actual manufacturing process, even if such a welding process is used, it is difficult to ensure that the finished product is perfect every time, and particularly for the vacuum manufacturing process, the weld seam left during welding is one of the areas where leakage is most likely to occur, and therefore extra attention is required.
For the welding process of the low-temperature superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance vacuum container, common appearance defects of welding seams and other defects, such as unfused, incomplete penetration, slag inclusion, pores, cracks, internal stress and the like, can become hidden troubles of leakage holes or virtual leakage sources in an ultrahigh vacuum system. In view of the harsh requirements of the low-temperature superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance vacuum container on the sealing performance of the welding seam, in order to reduce the defects of the welding seam to the maximum extent, the welding seam must be welded once so as to avoid causing harmful space during secondary welding. In addition, stresses and strains within the joint due to differential pressure, vibration, thermal cycling, etc., may crack the weld containing defects and cause damage to the weld, or may cause a leak to form due to corrosion of the weld during use.
In summary, how to provide a welding process for the support end cover plate of such large-scale equipment, so that the leak rate of the weld joint on the finished product can meet the strict technical requirements, which becomes a problem to be solved by the technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a welding process for a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, polishing before welding, namely, checking welding equipment and a welding positioner, and polishing a cover plate to be welded and a cover plate flange sub-piece;
s2, a pre-welding step, namely, combining the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-pieces, and pre-welding the combining positions;
s3, a welding step, namely fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces on a welding positioner, adjusting the welding positioner to a welding station, and then welding the cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces;
and S4, a detection step, namely taking down the cover plate finished product which is welded and cooled from the welding positioner, and detecting the cover plate finished product.
Preferably, in the step of polishing before welding of S1, the polishing range of the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece to be welded is the area to be welded and 20mm around the to-be-welded area on the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece.
Preferably, the S2 pre-welding step specifically includes: and (3) the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece are combined without gaps, the joint position is welded, in the welding process, the welding current is 210A-230A, the welding voltage is 11V-15V, the length of a welding bead is 10 mm-25 mm, and the distance is 100 mm-250 mm.
Preferably, the welding mode used in the S2 pre-welding step is TIG tack welding.
Preferably, the welding wires used in the step of S2 prewelding have the specifications AWS A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.0.
Preferably, the welding step of S3 specifically includes:
s31, fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece on a welding positioner;
s32, adjusting the welding positioner to a flat welding position, and welding the bottom layer of the welding seam, wherein in the welding process, the welding current is 210-230A, and the welding voltage is 10-13V;
s33, after the welding of the bottom layer is finished, interlayer cleaning and interlayer temperature control are carried out on the welding position;
s34, adjusting the welding positioner to a flat welding position, and welding a cover layer of a welding seam, wherein in the welding process, the welding current is 210-230A, the welding voltage is 12-15V, direct current is adopted for direct current positive connection, and the gas flow is 10-15L/min.
Preferably, the welding method used in S32 and S34 is TIG swing welding.
Preferably, the welding wires used in S32 are AWS a5.9, ER309L, Φ 2.0, and the welding wires used in S34 are AWS a5.9, ER309L, Φ 2.4.
Preferably, the interlayer cleaning and interlayer temperature control in S33 specifically includes: cleaning the welding position by using a stainless steel wire brush, wherein the interlayer temperature is less than 180 ℃.
Preferably, in the S4 detecting step, the detection items include weld appearance detection and weld surface penetration detection.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the welding process has stable quality, good root fusion and good control of welding line energy. In addition, the welding process has short retention time in a high-temperature area of the welding line during welding, and reduces heat input, thereby avoiding the generation of hot cracks and the formation of carbide caused by overheating and overburning of the welding line, effectively preventing intergranular corrosion and improving the corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of the material. The formed welding line has good compactness, the surface is formed beautifully without appearance defects, and the qualification rate of helium mass spectrum leak detection of the welding line is greatly improved.
In addition, the invention also provides reference for other related problems in the same field, can be expanded and extended on the basis of the reference, is applied to technical schemes of other welding processes in the same field, and has very wide application prospect.
In general, the welding process for the support end cover plate of the large-scale equipment, provided by the invention, has an excellent use effect and high use and popularization values.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding and understanding of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a welding process of a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate, which comprises the following steps:
and S1, polishing before welding, checking welding equipment and a welding positioner, and polishing the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece. The range of polishing the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece to be welded is the area of the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece to be welded and 20mm around the part to be welded.
And S2, pre-welding, namely, combining the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-pieces, and pre-welding the combination positions.
The specific operation steps are as follows: and (3) the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece are combined without gaps, the joint position is welded, in the welding process, the welding current is 210A-230A, the welding voltage is 11V-15V, the length of a welding bead is 10 mm-25 mm, and the distance is 100 mm-250 mm.
In addition, the welding method used here is TIG tack welding. The welding wires used in the welding process are AWS A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.0.
And S3, welding, namely fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces on a welding positioner, adjusting the welding positioner to a welding station, and then welding the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-pieces. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
and S31, fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece on the welding positioner.
S32, adjusting the welding positioner to a flat welding position, and welding the bottom layer of the welding seam, wherein in the welding process, the welding current is 210-230A, and the welding voltage is 10-13V.
And S33, after the priming layer is welded, cleaning the interlayer by using a stainless steel wire brush, wherein the interlayer temperature is less than 180 ℃, and the swinging tungsten needle cannot touch the base material.
S34, adjusting the welding positioner to a flat welding position, and welding a cover layer of a welding seam, wherein in the welding process, the welding current is 210-230A, the welding voltage is 12-15V, direct current is adopted for direct current positive connection, and the gas flow is 10-15L/min. The facing layer has a requirement for gas tightness, which requires special attention during welding.
It should be noted that the welding method used in S32 and S34 is TIG swing welding. The specifications of the welding wires used in S32 are AWS a5.9, ER309L, Φ 2.0, and the specifications of the welding wires used in S34 are AWS a5.9, ER309L, Φ 2.4.
The swing welding has the advantages that the wire feeding is stable and fast, uninterrupted and uniform swing enlarges the protection ring of Ar, and the quality of the welding seam is better ensured. Especially in the welding process of stainless steel and non-ferrous metal materials, the molten pool is uniform, the gas protection is proper, and the welding appearance is more beautiful.
During welding, an operator slightly abuts against one side of the groove (for supporting) to stop the welding gun ceramic nozzle and ignite an electric arc to form a molten pool, and the welding gun ceramic nozzle is rubbed by a thumb and a forefinger to feed wires and swings along with the ceramic nozzle (towards a heat source and the direction of Ar airflow protection migration). The molten drops are connected with the side parent metal from the other side of the groove under the action of traction force and surface tension, and swing back to the original side of the parent metal after forming a stable molten pool and a welding seam with the other side parent metal. In addition, in this embodiment, in order to guarantee the welding effect, there is a certain angle requirement in the welding process, specifically, the operator should guarantee that the included angle between the filler wire and the welding direction is always kept between 150 ° -160 °, the included angle between the welding gun body and the welding direction is always kept between 60 ° -70 °, and the welding gun porcelain nozzle swings from side to side by 30 ° -40 ° in the welding advancing direction.
And S4, a detection step, namely taking down the cover plate finished product which is welded and cooled from the welding positioner, and detecting the cover plate finished product. The detection items comprise weld appearance detection and weld surface penetration detection.
According to the invention, TIG swing welding is selected, the welding seam is attractive in appearance, the scale pattern is regular and golden yellow, after appearance and penetration detection, the defects of incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, slag inclusion, pores, cracks and the like do not occur, the one-time qualification rate of the welding seam is more than 95%, and the helium mass spectrum leak detection qualification rate of the welding seam is 100%. The welding process is subjected to process evaluation preparation before products are welded, the macroscopic and microscopic metallographic fusion is good, no thermal crack and intergranular corrosion are found, and a welding process evaluation report is formed for guiding welding and training welders.
In general, the welding process has stable quality, good root fusion and good control of welding line energy. In addition, the welding process has short retention time in a high-temperature area of the welding line during welding, and reduces heat input, thereby avoiding the generation of hot cracks and the formation of carbide caused by overheating and overburning of the welding line, effectively preventing intergranular corrosion and improving the corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of the material. The formed welding line has good compactness, the surface is formed beautifully without appearance defects, and the qualification rate of helium mass spectrum leak detection of the welding line is greatly improved. In addition, the invention also provides reference for other related problems in the same field, can be expanded and extended on the basis of the reference, is applied to technical schemes of other welding processes in the same field, and has very wide application prospect.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A welding process for a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, polishing before welding, namely, checking welding equipment and a welding positioner, and polishing a cover plate to be welded and a cover plate flange sub-piece;
s2, a pre-welding step, namely, combining the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-pieces, and pre-welding the combining positions;
s3, a welding step, namely fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces on a welding positioner, adjusting the welding positioner to a welding station, and then welding the cover plate and cover plate flange sub-pieces;
s4, a detection step, namely taking down the cover plate finished product which is welded and cooled from the welding positioner, and detecting the cover plate finished product;
in the step of polishing before welding of S1, the polishing range of the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece to be welded is the area of the to-be-welded part on the cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece and 20mm around the to-be-welded part;
the step of S2 pre-welding specifically comprises the following steps: the cover plate and the cover plate flange pieces are combined without gaps, the joint positions are welded, in the welding process, the welding current is 210A-230A, the welding voltage is 11V-15V, the length of a welding bead is 10 mm-25 mm, and the distance is 100 mm-250 mm;
the welding step of S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, fixedly installing the pre-welded cover plate and the cover plate flange sub-piece on a welding positioner;
s32, adjusting the welding positioner to a flat welding position, and welding the bottom layer of the welding seam, wherein in the welding process, the welding current is 210-230A, and the welding voltage is 10-13V;
s33, after the welding of the bottom layer is finished, interlayer cleaning and interlayer temperature control are carried out on the welding position;
s34, adjusting the welding positioner to a flat welding position, and welding a cover layer of a welding seam, wherein in the welding process, the welding current is 210-230A, the welding voltage is 12-15V, direct current is in direct connection, and the gas flow is 10-15L/min;
in the step of S4 detection, detection items comprise weld appearance detection and weld surface penetration detection;
the welding mode used in the step of pre-welding of S2 is TIG positioning welding, and the specifications of the used welding wires are AWS A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.0;
the welding mode used in the S32 and the S34 is TIG swing welding;
the specifications of the welding wires used in the S32 are AWS A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.0, and the specifications of the welding wires used in the S34 are AWS A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.4;
the interlayer cleaning and interlayer temperature control in S33 specifically includes: cleaning the welding position by using a stainless steel wire brush, wherein the interlayer temperature is less than 180 ℃.
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| CN201811249155.3A CN109434254B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Welding process for large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate |
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| CN201811249155.3A CN109434254B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Welding process for large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate |
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| CN109434254B true CN109434254B (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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| CN106695063A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-24 | 上海沪临重工有限公司 | Automatic welding technological method of rack of marine diesel engine |
| CN107030359A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Bimetallic mechanical is combined tube end resistance spot welding process |
| CN107309565A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-03 | 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 | A kind of whole bottom state abutted flange disk lean and correct assembly welding method of Ф 3350mm ellipsoid bottoms |
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2018
- 2018-10-25 CN CN201811249155.3A patent/CN109434254B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010027582A (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-02-04 | Chofu Seisakusho Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of reformer for fuel cell |
| CN104972208A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-14 | 柳州金茂机械有限公司 | Process for argon-arc welding of steel plate |
| CN105014205A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-11-04 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | Corner butt joint TIG welding method |
| CN106695063A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-24 | 上海沪临重工有限公司 | Automatic welding technological method of rack of marine diesel engine |
| CN107030359A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Bimetallic mechanical is combined tube end resistance spot welding process |
| CN107309565A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-03 | 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 | A kind of whole bottom state abutted flange disk lean and correct assembly welding method of Ф 3350mm ellipsoid bottoms |
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