CN108080773A - All-position ultra-narrow gap high-frequency hot wire TIG welding method for composite pipe - Google Patents
All-position ultra-narrow gap high-frequency hot wire TIG welding method for composite pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN108080773A CN108080773A CN201611036463.9A CN201611036463A CN108080773A CN 108080773 A CN108080773 A CN 108080773A CN 201611036463 A CN201611036463 A CN 201611036463A CN 108080773 A CN108080773 A CN 108080773A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001119 inconels 625 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 abstract 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-position ultra-narrow gap high-frequency hot wire TIG welding method of a composite pipe, which comprises the following steps of: selecting an ultra-narrow gap butt joint groove with a truncated edge, wherein the butt joint groove is U-shaped, the truncated edge gap of the groove is 0mm, the thickness of the truncated edge is 1.0-1.5 mm, the angle of the butt joint groove is 3-5 degrees, and the bottom chamfer angle of the butt joint groove is 2-3 mm; the pipe section assembly is carried out by adopting an inner butt-joint device with a back argon filling function, no gap is left in the butt joint groove during the assembly, and the inner staggered edge of the butt joint groove is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; welding the root of the pipe section; and (3) sequentially carrying out single-layer root welding, root strengthening welding, filling welding and cover surface welding by adopting a high-frequency hot wire TIG (tungsten inert gas) process. The welding method can simplify the construction process, improve the welding efficiency in the installation process, save a large amount of welding materials and have good economic benefit; the welding joint has beautiful welding bead formation and good low-temperature performance of the joint, and has important significance for long-term safe and stable operation of pipelines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high frequency heated filament TIG weld method more particularly to a kind of all positon ultra-narrow gaps of multiple tube
High frequency heated filament TIG weld method, suitable for L360QS/L415+UNS00825 composite bimetal pipe butt welds.
Background technology
L360QS/L415+UNS00825 composite bimetal pipes are made of two kinds of different metal pipe materials, with L360QS or
Person L415 be outer tube basis material, the operating pressure of excellent mechanical mechanics property supporting pipeline system；It is resistance to one layer of thin-walled
Resistant alloy material such as 825 grade of nickel-base alloy is inside lining anti-corrosive layer, so as to ensure that the excellent corrosion resisting property of whole tubing, simultaneously
Also 50%~70% cost is reduced than pure nickel tubing.Composite bimetal pipe had not only had excellent mechanical mechanics property but also had had very
Strong corrosion resisting property.L360QS/L415+UNS00825 composite bimetal pipes have wide in peracid oil gas field gathering engineering
Prospect is the main material for building oil gas field gathering pipeline and branch line.And L360QS/L415+UNS00825 composite bimetal pipes
Welding be oil gas field gathering engineering construction important step, particularly composite bimetal pipe docking welding bead welding quality it is straight
Connect the security for influencing gathering line.
At present, the method that the welding of L360QS/L415+UNS00825 composite bimetal pipes mainly uses has：The first craft
Welding electrode arc welding, this method have the advantages that operation is flexible, simple and easy to do, adaptable.But its welding efficiency is low, butt welding
The requirement of work is high, and the influence of the technical merit welding quality of welder is big, and labor intensity is big, and personnel cost is high；Second of hand
Work argon tungsten-arc welding, this method can guarantee welding point have high quality, this method can control respectively welding current and
The feeding speed of welding wire, is easy to control dilution rate and obtains satisfied weld bead shape, but its welding efficiency is extremely low, the skill of welder
The influence of the horizontal welding quality of art is big；The third metal powder core solder wire gas shielded arc welding, this welding method deposition rate is big,
It is efficient, main problem be it is easy generate lack of fusion and stomata, the corrosion resistance of welding point is poor, and welding wire rely on into
Mouthful, welding cost is high.
Inventor has found that existing composite bimetal pipe welding has the following problems：First, existing welding method is all hand
Work is welded, and welding efficiency is very low, it is necessary to which a large amount of exper ienced welders, labor cost are very high in actual welding construction；The
Two, using existing welding method, the uniformity of welding point is difficult to ensure that, generation weld defect probability is big, welding point low temperature
Poor toughness；3rd, composite bimetal pipe is different steel weld, it is necessary to using larger groove type, to improve welding penetration ratio,
Wlding consumption is big；4th, using existing welding method, it will usually generate larger arc blow phenomenon, influence welding quality.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as above-mentioned welding technique, the present invention provides a kind of all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequencies of multiple tube
Heating wire TIG welding method by designing slope type, selects root bead and filling cover welding technique, overcomes the weldering of the prior art
Connect the shortcomings of efficiency is low, welding material expenditure is big, welding bead defect is more, property of welded joint is poor, high to the requirement of welder's operative skill.
The welding method has the characteristics that welding efficiency is high, welding bead quality is good, property of welded joint is excellent, welding cost is low.
In order to achieve the above object, all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the invention, bag
Include following steps：
S1：The ultra-narrow gap butting grooves with root face are designed, the butting grooves are U-shaped, the root face of the butting grooves
Gap is 0mm, and the root face height of the butting grooves is 1.0~1.5mm, and the angle of the butting grooves is 3~5 °, described right
The bottom chamfer for connecing groove is 2.0~3.0mm；
S2：Using with back argon filling function internal clamp carry out pipeline section group pair, group pair when the butting grooves do not stay
Gap, interior misalignment δ≤0.5mm of the butting grooves；
S3：Root weld is carried out to pipeline section；
S4：Individual layer root bead is carried out using high frequency heating wire TIG technique and weldering is strengthened in root；
S5：Weldering and cosmetic welding are filled using high frequency heating wire TIG technique.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, in step S3, preferably
It is that argon gas displacement, the 50~55L/min of argon flow amount, the argon gas first are carried out to inner tube segment before the root weld
Purity 99.99% as oxygen content≤500ppm in pipeline section, then is welded.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, in step S4, preferably
It is that the individual layer root bead and root are strengthened before weldering first to welding bead surface gas into line replacement, argon flow amount 20~25L/min, 5
Ignited electric arc using contact discharge mode after~7 seconds, tungsten electrode striking electric current is 30~35A, tungsten electrode AVC lift height 2.5~
3.5mm。
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, in step S4, the list
Layer root bead and root are strengthened soldering set body and are preferably a step：Welding bead is divided into 6 sections by clockwise, starting the arc position is clock 12
Point position.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, in step S5, preferably
It is, first to welding bead surface gas into line replacement before the filling weldering and cosmetic welding, argon flow amount 20~25L/min, 5~7 seconds
It is ignited electric arc using contact discharge mode afterwards, tungsten electrode striking electric current is 25~30A, and tungsten electrode AVC lifts 2~3mm of height.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, it is described to fill out in step S5
The specific steps for filling weldering and cosmetic welding are preferably：Welding bead is divided into 2 semicircles, each semicircle point along 12 points and 6 directions of clock
For 3 sections, use is bilaterally lower to be welded, and welding sequence is：12 position starting the arc of clock are first welded along clockwise direction
6 o'clock position is connected to, 12 positions are retracted into after blow-out, then are soldered to 6 o'clock position in the counterclockwise direction.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, in step S4, preferably
Be, using narrow gap high frequency heating wire TIG technique carry out successively root bead, root strengthen weldering,
When filling weldering and cosmetic welding, wire feed angle is 30 ° ± 0~5 °, and narrow gap welding torque is vertical workpiece direction.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, step S3, S4 and S5
In, it is preferred that when carrying out root weld, root bead, root reinforcement weldering, filling weldering and cosmetic welding, welding bead the widest part≤6mm.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, it is excellent in step S4 and S5
Choosing when being welded using narrow gap high frequency heating wire TIG technique, selects a diameter of 0.9mm, and the trade mark is Inconel625's
Welding wire.
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention, in step S4, the list
Specific process parameter when layer root bead and root are strengthened welding is as shown in table 1：
Table 1
In step S5, the filling weldering and specific process parameter during cosmetic welding are as shown in table 2：
Table 2
The all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube of the present invention welds electricity using direct current
Source and direct current heater supply.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) larger welding current is employed, the deposition efficiency of welding wire greatly improved, deposition efficiency can reach
2.5KG/h, while employ faster speed of welding, it is ensured that thermal weld stress amount is small.
(2) ultra-narrow gap groove is employed, groove the widest part is only 6mm, significantly reduces welding wire loading, is welded with tradition
Method is connect compared to saving wlding nearly 60%；Compared with conventional narrow gap welding method, wlding about 10% is saved, improves welding effect
Rate.
(3) the sine DC electricity that frequency is 200HZ is employed, strengthens the stirring action to molten bath, welding bead sidewall fusion
Well.
(4) this method according to different welding positions, has been divided into 6 sections, each section employs when bottoming is welded
Different welding condition, it is ensured that the quality of bottoming welding.
(5) in filling and cover welding, employ and bilaterally descend soldering method, the method and all-position welding method phase
Than more efficient, welding process is easy to control, and welding fabrication is beautiful.
(6) this method connects for automatic argon arc weld, significantly reduces the labor intensity of welder, and welding quality is excellent, welding
First-time qualification rate is up to 99%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Narrow sloping-glot size of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of layer of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following example is in order to further illustrate the method for the present invention, but be should not be limited thereto.
Embodiment 1：
By taking Φ 219 × (12mm bases+3mm anticorrosion layers) composite bimetal pipe as an example, wherein base material is L360QS, is served as a contrast
Layer material is UNS00825, and all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of above-mentioned multiple tube comprises the following steps：
S1：The ultra-narrow gap butting grooves with root face are designed, butting grooves are U-shaped, and group is shown in Figure 1 to mode, tool
Body welding number of plies distribution is shown in Figure 2；
It is shown in Figure 1, wherein, δ (thickness)=15mm, the root face gap b=0mm of butting grooves, butting grooves it is blunt
Side thickness p=1.0mm, angle beta=3 ° of butting grooves, butting grooves bottom chamfer R=2mm, a (groove straight section)=
1mm, S (groove width)=4mm.
S2：Using with back argon filling function internal clamp carry out pipeline section group pair, group pair when the butting grooves do not stay
Gap, interior misalignment δ≤0.5mm of the butting grooves；
S3：Root weld is carried out to pipeline section；
S4：Individual layer root bead is carried out using high frequency heating wire TIG technique and weldering is strengthened in root；
S5：Weldering and cosmetic welding are filled using high frequency heating wire TIG technique.
In step S3, argon is first carried out to inner tube segment using the internal clamp with back argon filling function before root weld
Gas is replaced, and argon flow amount 50L/min, purity of argon 99.99% as oxygen content≤500ppm in pipeline section, then is welded.
In step S4, weldering (two group welding parameters are substantially similar) is strengthened before first to welding bead surface gas in individual layer root bead and root
Body is into line replacement, argon flow amount 20L/min, is ignited electric arc using contact discharge mode after 5 seconds, and tungsten electrode striking electric current is 30A, tungsten
Pole AVC lifts height 3mm；Individual layer root bead and root are strengthened weldering and are concretely comprised the following steps：Welding bead is divided into 6 sections by clockwise,
Starting the arc position is 12 positions of clock.Specific process parameter is as shown in table 3：
Table 3
In step S5, first welding bead surface gas is carried out before filling weldering and cosmetic welding (two group welding parameters are substantially similar)
Displacement, argon flow amount 20L/min are ignited electric arc after 5 seconds using contact discharge mode, and tungsten electrode striking electric current is 30A, tungsten electrode AVC
Lift height 3mm；Filling weldering is concretely comprised the following steps with cosmetic welding：Welding bead is divided into 2 semicircles along 12 points and 6 directions of clock,
Each semicircle is divided into 3 sections, and use is bilaterally lower to be welded, and welding sequence is：12 position starting the arc of clock, first along suitable
Clockwise is soldered to 6 o'clock position, and 12 positions are retracted into after blow-out, then are soldered to 6 o'clock position in the counterclockwise direction.Tool
Body technology parameter is as shown in table 4 below：
Table 4
In step S4 and S5, root bead is carried out using narrow gap high frequency heating wire TIG technique successively, weldering is strengthened in root, filling is welded
During with cosmetic welding, wire feed angle is 30 ± 2 °, and narrow gap welding torque is vertical workpiece direction；A diameter of 0.9mm is selected, the trade mark is
The welding wire of Inconel625.
Also, in above-mentioned all welding processes, welding bead the widest part≤6mm.
Postwelding is according to according to JB/T4730.1~6-2005《Bearing device non-destructive testing》, coloration detection and ray detection are equal
It is qualified for I grades；- 196 DEG C of buckling test, face-bend test, tension test, welding bead and heat affected area are carried out by NB/T47014-2011
Impact test is satisfied by standard requirement.
Certainly, the present invention can also have other various embodiments, without deviating from the spirit and substance of the present invention, ripe
Various corresponding changes and deformation, but these corresponding changes and deformation can be made according to the present invention by knowing those skilled in the art
It should all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
S1：The ultra-narrow gap butting grooves with root face are selected, the butting grooves are U-shaped, the root face gap of the butting grooves
For 0mm, the root face height of the butting grooves is 1.0~1.5mm, and the angle of the butting grooves is 3~5 °, the docking slope
The bottom chamfer of mouth is 2.0~3.0mm；
S2：Using with back argon filling function internal clamp carry out pipeline section group pair, group pair when the butting grooves do not stay gap,
Interior misalignment δ≤0.5mm of the butting grooves；
S3：Root weld is carried out to pipeline section；
S4：Individual layer root bead is carried out using high frequency heating wire TIG technique and weldering is strengthened in root；
S5：Weldering and cosmetic welding are filled using high frequency heating wire TIG technique.
2. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In, in step S3, first carry out argon gas displacement before the root weld to inner tube segment, the 50~55L/min of argon flow amount,
The purity of argon 99.99% as oxygen content≤500ppm in pipeline section, then is welded.
3. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In, in step S4, the individual layer root bead and root are strengthened before weldering first to welding bead surface gas into line replacement, and argon flow amount 20~
25L/min is ignited electric arc after 5~7 seconds using contact discharge mode, and tungsten electrode striking electric current is 30~35A, and tungsten electrode AVC lifts height
Spend 2.5~3.5mm.
4. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step S4, the individual layer root bead and root are strengthened weldering and concretely comprised the following steps：Welding bead is divided into 6 sections by clockwise, is risen
Arc position is 12 positions of clock.
5. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step S5, first to welding bead surface gas into line replacement, 20~25L/ of argon flow amount before the filling weldering and cosmetic welding
Min is ignited electric arc after 5~7 seconds using contact discharge mode, and tungsten electrode striking electric current is 25~30A, tungsten electrode AVC lift height 2~
3mm。
6. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step S5, the filling weldering is concretely comprised the following steps with cosmetic welding：Welding bead is divided into 2 half along 12 points and 6 directions of clock
Circle, each semicircle are divided into 3 sections, and use is bilaterally lower to be welded, and welding sequence is：12 position starting the arc of clock, first
6 o'clock position is soldered to along clockwise direction, 12 positions are retracted into after blow-out, then is soldered to 6 o'clock position in the counterclockwise direction
It puts.
7. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step S4 and S5, using narrow gap high frequency heating wire TIG technique carries out root bead, root reinforcement weldering successively, filling is welded and capping
During weldering, wire feed angle is 30 ° ± 0~5 °, and narrow gap welding torque is vertical workpiece direction.
8. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In, step S3, in S4 and S5, when carrying out root weld, root bead, root reinforcement weldering, filling weldering and cosmetic welding, welding bead the widest part≤
6mm。
9. all positon ultra-narrow gap high frequency heated filament TIG weld method of multiple tube according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step S4 and S5, when being welded using narrow gap high frequency heating wire TIG technique, selecting a diameter of 0.9mm, the trade mark is
The welding wire of Inconel625.
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| CN108994427A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2018-12-14 | 江苏海事职业技术学院 | A kind of direct current weldering arc magnetic blow control method using externally-applied magnetic field expansion instrument |
| CN109048004A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of vibration heated filament narrow gap welding method of marine titanium alloy slab |
| CN109317787A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-12 | 中国能源建设集团安徽电力建设第工程有限公司 | A kind of steel conduit all positon narrow gap TIG automatic welding process |
| CN111168203A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-19 | 海洋石油工程股份有限公司 | Semi-automatic argon arc welding process for corrosion-resistant alloy composite pipe |
| CN115302048A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Manual welding method and testing device for manual welding method |
| CN115415639A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | Surface deposition method based on double-tungsten-electrode coordinated control swing arc |
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| CN109048004A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-12-21 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | A kind of vibration heated filament narrow gap welding method of marine titanium alloy slab |
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| CN109317787A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-02-12 | 中国能源建设集团安徽电力建设第工程有限公司 | A kind of steel conduit all positon narrow gap TIG automatic welding process |
| CN111168203A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-19 | 海洋石油工程股份有限公司 | Semi-automatic argon arc welding process for corrosion-resistant alloy composite pipe |
| CN115302048A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Manual welding method and testing device for manual welding method |
| CN115302048B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Manual welding method and testing device thereof |
| CN115415639A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-12-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | Surface deposition method based on double-tungsten-electrode coordinated control swing arc |
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