CN109426577A - A kind of battery fire incident tree-model determines method and system - Google Patents
A kind of battery fire incident tree-model determines method and system Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of battery fire incident tree-models to determine method and system, the described method includes: fire occurs as top event using battery, the intermediate event for causing battery fire to occur and elementary event are determined by fault tree analysis process, and the elementary event is fire precipitating factor；By the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation, battery fire incident tree-model is determined.Battery fire incident tree-model includes: top event T, intermediate event Ai, elementary event xi and logic gate, wherein is connected between the top event, intermediate event and elementary event by the logic gate.The technical solution adopted by the present invention is based on battery fire incident tree-model and analyzes battery fire precipitating factor comprehensively, and then it assists to reduce fire probability from the design system of lithium ion battery, production process and using many-sided safety for improving lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery fire disaster analyzing fields, and in particular to a kind of battery fire incident tree-model determines method and is
System.
Background technique
The excellent performance that lithium ion battery is high with energy density, has extended cycle life, in portable electronic product, new energy vapour
Vehicle, power grid energy storage field are used widely.However, the resistance to abuse of lithium ion battery is not high, and in use, electrode active
Property material can react with electrolyte, cause battery occur fire even explosion accident.Lithium ion battery highest can utilize energy
Metric density is about 580Whkg-1, the energy of TNT explosive is 1282Whkg-1, when lithium battery is on fire or explosion time, released
Gross energy be more than homogenous quantities TNT explosive.
Since being put forward for the first time lithium ion battery and developing faced safety challenge, scholars lose lithium ion battery heat
The mechanism of control is studied: battery is to occurring fire experienced three stages since thermal runaway, these three stages are by a series of
Exothermic auxiliary reaction is leading；By taking cobalt acid lithium battery as an example, as the process of fire occurs for temperature change are as follows: from 90 DEG C to 120 DEG C
Decomposition takes place in cathode solid-liquid surface phase film (SEI film)；The embedding lithium of cathode and organic solvent exposure simultaneously start to react；130℃
When, diaphragm starts to melt；Temperature gradually rises, and positive electrode takes place with electrolyte to react and generate oxygen；When temperature reaches
When to 200 DEG C or so, SEI film decomposes completely, and the reaction such as open loop, cancellation, transesterification also occurs for electrolyte；Reaction continue into
Row, battery temperature persistently increase, and finally cause fire even explosion accident.Although lithium-ion electric Pool fire and explosion accident are general
Rate is lower, once occurring, will cause extremely serious property loss and social influence.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of battery fire incident tree-model and determines method and system, and the purpose is to based on battery fire fire
Triangle Model establishes battery fire incident tree-model, and using methods of fault tree, analysis determination comprehensively leads to lithium ion battery
The factor of fire incident improves the safety of lithium ion battery, reduces fire probability.
The purpose of the present invention is adopt the following technical solutions realization:
A kind of battery fire incident tree-model determines method, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Fire occurs as top event using battery, the intermediate thing for causing battery fire to occur is determined by fault tree analysis process
Part and elementary event, the elementary event are fire precipitating factor；
By the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation, battery fire incident tree-model is determined.
It is preferably, described that the intermediate event for causing battery fire to occur and elementary event are determined by fault tree analysis process,
Include:
Respectively using the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model as the 1st lower layer's event of the top event；
Using the 1st lower layer's event as the 1st result event, the conditional event of the 1st result event is exported, with the condition thing
2nd lower layer event of the part as the 1st lower layer's event successively derives, until using n-th lower layer's event as the n-th result event,
The conditional event of the n-th result event cannot be exported, then n-th lower layer's event is elementary event, the 1st lower layer's event to the (n-1)th lower layer
Event is intermediate event.
Further, the three elements of the battery fire Triangle Model include: fuel A1, oxidant A2 and incendiary source A3；
The oxidant includes: the oxygen in the decomposition product and air of cell positive material；The fuel includes: electrolysis
Liquid, paraffin gas and esters alcohol compound；The incendiary source includes: that hot environment locating for battery and inside battery cathode are embedding
Lithium and electrolyte react heat production.
Further, the intermediate event further include:
Electrolyte fuel gas is generated oxygen A6, electricity by thermal evaporation A4, fuel gas product accumulation A5, electrode material itself
Pond from heat production A7, electrolyte decomposition reaction A8, electrolyte react with Li+ A9, positive electrode material decomposition reaction heat release A10,
Cathode Li be precipitated reacted with the exothermic reaction A11 of electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition heat production A12, internal short-circuit discharge Joule heat A13,
SEI film, which is decomposed, to react A14, Li+ the internal exothermic reaction heat effect A16 of A15, anode, negative is precipitated in electrode material surface
Extremely internal exothermic reaction heat effect A17, dendrite Li pierce through diaphragm and internal short-circuit A18 occur.
Further, the fire precipitating factor includes:
X1: cell casing rupture；
X2: the vapourizing temperature threshold value of electrolyte is lower than 120 DEG C；
X3: electrolyte system, which decomposes, to be generated hydro carbons imflammable gas and generates heat；
X4:Li+, which takes place with electrolyte in 110 DEG C, to react and generates heat；
X5:SEI film starts to decompose when 80 DEG C, and 120 DEG C of whens decompose completely；
X6: there are SEI films on negative electrode material surface；
X7: electrode chemical potential energy and embedding lithium abjection ability are incremented by as state-of-charge SOC is improved；
X8: there are oxygen in ambient air；
X9: positive electrode, which decomposes, to be generated oxygen and discharges heat；
X10: external heat source heating；
X11: needle thorn, extruding, hitting operation are carried out to battery, battery main body is impaired；
X12: super-charge super-discharge forms dendrite lithium；
X13: there are gaps, and Li in charge and discharge process to be caused to accumulate to form dendrite lithium for electric core winding；
X14: electrode current collecting body breakage generates burr and pierces through diaphragm formation internal short-circuit；
X15: diaphragm decomposes fusing, causes positive and negative anodes contact.
Preferably, by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation, battery fire incident tree-model packet is determined
It includes:
Top event, intermediate event and elementary event are connected by logic gate and establish battery Fire Fault Tree, wherein is logical
It crosses or what door connected has:
A4, A5 are separately connected A1；A6, x8 are separately connected A2；A7, x10 are separately connected A3；A8, A9 are separately connected A5；A10,
A11, A12, A13 are separately connected A7；X14, A18, x11, x15 connect A13；X12, x13 are separately connected A18；
Have by what is connect with door:
X2, A3 are separately connected A4；X3, A3 are separately connected A8；X9, A3 are separately connected A6；X7, A3 are separately connected A15；A11,
A12, A13 are separately connected A16；A12, A13 are separately connected A17；
Have by what condition was connect with door:
A1, A2, A3 are separately connected T, using x1 as condition；
X6, A3 are separately connected A14, using x5 as condition；
A14, A15, A3 are separately connected A9, using x4 as condition；
Have by what condition or door connected:
A16, x10 are separately connected A10, using x9 as condition；
A17, x10 are separately connected A11, using x4 as condition；
X10, A13 are separately connected A12, using x3 as condition.
A kind of battery Fire Fault Tree model determination system, the system comprises:
Analysis module, for fire to occur as top event using battery, being determined by fault tree analysis process causes battery fiery
The intermediate event and elementary event that calamity occurs, the elementary event are fire precipitating factor；
Determining module, for determining battery Fire Fault Tree by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation
Model.
The invention has the following advantages:
Fire occurs for the technical solution adopted by the present invention as top event using battery, is caused by fault tree analysis process determination
The intermediate event and elementary event that battery fire occurs, the elementary event are fire precipitating factor；By by intermediate event with
Elementary event carries out logical operation, determines battery fire incident tree-model；Analytic process comprehensively, system；It is used between each event
The connection of logic gate symbol carries out depth analysis using Fault Tree Model, not only improves analysis efficiency, but also be easy to understand and to battery
Carry out specific aim test；Fire precipitating factor is determined according to battery fire incident tree-model elementary event, it can not only be to battery system
The risk of system is demarcated, and improves lithium conveniently from the System Design of lithium ion battery, production and using angularly
The safety of ion battery instructs lithium ion battery safety in production, design and management, reaches the effect for reducing fire probability
Fruit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of battery fire incident tree-model of the present invention determines method flow diagram；
Fig. 2 is the battery fire fire Triangle Model that a kind of battery fire incident tree-model of the present invention determines method and system
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the lithium ion battery Fire Fault Tree that a kind of battery fire incident tree-model of the present invention determines method and system
Illustraton of model；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of battery fire incident tree-model of the present invention determines that method and system accident tree logic gate symbol is illustrated
Figure.
Specific embodiment
It elaborates with reference to the accompanying drawing to a specific embodiment of the invention.
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
All other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of battery fire incident tree-model provided by the invention determines method, as shown in Figure 1, method includes:
101. fire occurs as top event using battery, being determined by fault tree analysis process causes in the generation of battery fire
Between event and elementary event, elementary event be fire precipitating factor；
102. determining battery fire incident tree-model by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation.
Further, the intermediate event for causing battery fire to occur and elementary event are determined by fault tree analysis process, it can
To include:
Respectively using the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model as the 1st lower layer's event of top event；
Using the 1st lower layer's event as the 1st result event, the conditional event of the 1st result event is exported, with conditional event work
It for the 2nd lower layer's event of the 1st lower layer's event, successively derives, until cannot be exported using n-th lower layer's event as the n-th result event
The conditional event of n-th result event, then n-th lower layer's event is elementary event, during the 1st lower layer's event to (n-1)th lower layer's event is
Between event.
As shown in Figure 2: the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model may include: incendiary source, fuel and oxidant；Parse lithium from
Relationship between sub- battery fire and each element, interrelated between incendiary source, fuel and oxidant three elements, interaction；
Generation acts under battery abuse conditions, can promote inside battery system that Domino effect occurs, and it is even quick-fried to cause battery fire
It is fried, and be according to the fiery Triangle Model of building with the relationship between each element；
Such as under the heating of external heat source, the SEI film of negative terminal surface is caused to be decomposed, and the decomposition of SEI film promotes
The embedding lithium of cathode reacts with electrolyte, react releasing heat make battery bulk temperature increase, after and cause anode with
Electrolyte reaction and the decomposition reaction of electrolyte etc..After relief valve rupture, inside battery is accumulated by electrolyte decomposition and vaporization
Poly- imflammable gas, the oxygen that the high temperature and positive electrode that exothermic heat of reaction generates decompose in generation and external environment result in electricity
The generation of Pool fire.
When fire occurs for battery, oxidant may include: the oxygen in the decomposition product and air of cell positive material；Combustion
Material may include: electrolyte, paraffin gas and esters alcohol compound, mainly point due to electrolyte under high enough temp
The Li of solution reaction and electrolyte and deintercalation+Reaction；Incendiary source may include: that hot environment locating for battery and inside battery are negative
Extremely embedding lithium and electrolyte react heat production, and one is batteries itself to be exposed in the scene of a fire or strong heat radiation, and another kind is electricity
Pond internal-response heat production.
Specifically, accident tree is the oriented logic tree describing accident from result to reason and occurring, and is connected with logic gate
Tree graph model.The symbol used in accident tree is divided into event notation and logic gate symbol two major classes.Rectangle is used in event notation
Symbol indicates top event or intermediate event, code name are respectively T and A.Top event is exactly the accident to be analyzed, is located at accident
The top of tree.Intermediate accident is between top event and elementary event.Circle symbol indicates elementary event, is located at accident tree
Bottom.Elementary event is the most basic reason that event occurs, i.e., the event that cannot be analyzed down again.Top event is as master
Object, successively expansion are analyzed, the evolutionary process of battery fire is obtained, and lures the basic thing that battery fire even explodes into
Part.
Further, battery fire incident tree-model includes: top event T, intermediate event Ai, elementary event xi and logic
Door, wherein connected between top event, intermediate event and elementary event by logic gate；Based on battery fire fire Triangle Model,
Battery fire incident tree-model is established, top event is unfolded as Main Analysis object, successively, obtains the evolution of battery fire
Journey, and lure the elementary event that battery fire even explodes into.
Logic gate symbol is the tool of the logic connecting relation between expression layer and layer event.Its basic logical symbol can
To include and door or door, condition and door and condition or four kinds of door.As shown in Fig. 4 (a): indicating there was only incoming event B with door1、B2
When all occurring, outgoing event A just occurs.Such as Fig. 4 (b)；Or door indicates incoming event B1、B2Any of event occur when, output
Event A occurs.As Fig. 4 (c) condition and door indicate incoming event B1、B2It not only needs to occur simultaneously, but also must satisfy centre
Condition a just has outgoing event A generation, does not otherwise just occur.As Fig. 4 (d) condition or door indicate incoming event B1、B2At least
One generation, in the case where meeting intermediate conditions a, outgoing event A occurs.
Further, intermediate event can also include:
Electrolyte fuel gas is generated oxygen A6, electricity by thermal evaporation A4, fuel gas product accumulation A5, electrode material itself
Pond from heat production A7, electrolyte decomposition reaction A8, electrolyte react with Li+ A9, positive electrode material decomposition reaction heat release A10,
Cathode Li be precipitated reacted with the exothermic reaction A11 of electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition heat production A12, internal short-circuit discharge Joule heat A13,
SEI film, which is decomposed, to react A14, Li+ the internal exothermic reaction heat effect A16 of A15, anode, negative is precipitated in electrode material surface
Extremely internal exothermic reaction heat effect A17, dendrite Li pierce through diaphragm and internal short-circuit A18 occur.
Further, fire precipitating factor may include:
X1: cell casing rupture；
X2: the vapourizing temperature threshold value of electrolyte is lower than 120 DEG C；
X3: electrolyte system, which decomposes, to be generated hydro carbons imflammable gas and generates heat；
X4:Li+, which takes place with electrolyte in 110 DEG C, to react and generates heat；
X5:SEI film starts to decompose when 80 DEG C, and 120 DEG C of whens decompose completely；
X6: there are SEI films on negative electrode material surface；
X7: electrode chemical potential energy and embedding lithium abjection ability are incremented by as state-of-charge SOC is improved；
X8: there are oxygen in ambient air；
X9: positive electrode, which decomposes, to be generated oxygen and discharges heat；
X10: external heat source heating；
X11: needle thorn, extruding, hitting operation are carried out to battery, battery main body is impaired；
X12: super-charge super-discharge forms dendrite lithium；
X13: there are gaps, and Li in charge and discharge process to be caused to accumulate to form dendrite lithium for electric core winding；
X14: electrode current collecting body breakage generates burr and pierces through diaphragm formation internal short-circuit；
X15: diaphragm decomposes fusing, causes positive and negative anodes contact.
Further, by determining battery fire incident tree-model for intermediate event and elementary event progress logical operation,
Include:
Top event, intermediate event and elementary event are connected by logic gate and establish battery Fire Fault Tree, wherein is logical
It crosses or what door connected has:
A4, A5 are separately connected A1；A6, x8 are separately connected A2；A7, x10 are separately connected A3；A8, A9 are separately connected A5；A10,
A11, A12, A13 are separately connected A7；X14, A18, x11, x15 connect A13；X12, x13 are separately connected A18；
Can have by what is connect with door:
X2, A3 are separately connected A4；X3, A3 are separately connected A8；X9, A3 are separately connected A6；X7, A3 are separately connected A15；A11,
A12, A13 are separately connected A16；A12, A13 are separately connected A17；
Can have by what condition was connect with door:
A1, A2, A3 are separately connected T, using x1 as condition；
X6, A3 are separately connected A14, using x5 as condition；
A14, A15, A3 are separately connected A9, using x4 as condition；
Can have by what condition or door connected:
A16, x10 are separately connected A10, using x9 as condition；
A17, x10 are separately connected A11, using x4 as condition；
X10, A13 are separately connected A12, using x3 as condition.
Based on lithium-ion electric Pool fire Triangle Model event tree analysis, from the System Design of lithium ion battery, produce so that
The safety of lithium ion battery is improved with angularly.Elementary event shows the anti-compression property of battery case, deposits in ambient enviroment
Or internal positive material decompose generate oxygen influence battery fire occur, if the two is controlled, such as
Improve battery case the air pressure limit, by battery be in Hypoxic habitats or from essence solve positive electrode decompose generation oxygen and
Heat production can reduce the probability that fire occurs for battery.It will lead to electricity when the gas that inside battery generates causes air pressure sharply to increase
Pond is exploded, and in order to prevent battery explosion, all design has relief valve at present, before thermal runaway occurs for battery inside release
Imflammable gas and heat.
Elementary event x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x15 and battery intrinsic safety are related, wherein electrolyte safety with
The safety of positive electrode is to improve the important research direction of battery essential safety, such as passes through addition flame-retardant additive or fire retardant electricity
Liquid is solved, can effectively reduce electrolyte decomposition characteristic in event x3, x4；Can effectively it be subtracted by ceramic diaphragm or high-melting-point diaphragm
Weak event x15 diaphragm fusing rupture leads to the generation etc. of internal short-circuit.
For x2 event, the vaporization of electrolyte can be reduced, is reached by improving electrolyte vapourizing temperature or evaporation latent heat
To the generation for reducing combustible gas；In x7 event, by improving negative electrode material, it is made to reduce SEI membrane aperture obstruction at high temperature
Li+Be precipitated from negative electrode material etc..Reinforce the research of battery essential safety, and combustible and oxidant are completely cut off by active defense
Contact is the effective ways for reducing battery fire and occurring；
It, can also will be true by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation in embodiment provided by the invention
Fixed Fault Tree Model is simplified to following mathematical model using Boolean algebra:
T=A1A2A3x1
=(x2A3+A8+A9) (x8+x9A3) (x10+A10+A11+A12+A13) x1
=(x2A3+x3A3+x4 (x5A3x6x7A3A3)) (x8+x9A3) (x10+A10
+A11+A12+A13)·x1
Wherein A13=x11+x12+x13+x14+x15,
A12=x3 (x10+A13)=x3 (x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15),
A11=x4 (x10+A14)=x4 (x10+A12A13)=x4 (x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+
x15),
A10=x9 (x10+A15)=x9 (x10+A11A12A13)=x9 (x10+x11+x12+x13+x14
+x15),
A3=x10+A7=x10+A10+A11+A12+A13=x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15
It substitutes into available in top event calculating formula:
T=(x2+x3+x4x5x6x7) (x8+x9) (x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15) x1 (1)
The battery fire incident tree-model that logical connection determines is carried out based on above by intermediate event and elementary event,
There can be following application approach:
According to simplified structural model, gained expression formula is resolved into minimal cut set, and then obtain leading to battery
Fire approach.It is new to define four intermediate events K1, K2, K3 and K4 for convenience of description.Enable K1=(x2+x3+x4x5
X6x7), K2=(x8+x9), K3=(x10+x11+x12+x13+x14+x15), K4=x1, it can be seen that top event T can
With abbreviation be 4 intermediate events K1, K2, K3, K4 with collection.If by the accident tree mathematical model solution after abbreviation at minimal cut
Collection, available 36 kinds of approach (minimal cut set) cause battery that fire occurs.
Using the symmetry of normal form, determine that fire inspires according to the mathematical model of simplified battery fire incident tree-model
The structure importance of factor includes: in event tree analysis, and each event is all two states, and a kind of state is to occur, i.e. xi
=1；A kind of state is not occur, i.e. xi=0.The various combination of each elementary event state, and constitute the difference of top event
State, i.e. Φ (X)=1 or Φ (X)=0.
Become 1 (i.e. 0 by 0 in the state of some elementary event xii→li), the state of other elementary events remains unchanged, top
The state change of upper event may be there are three types of situation:
1Φ(0i, X) and=0 → Φ (li, X)=0, then Φ (li,X)-Φ(0i, X)=0；
2Φ(0i, X) and=0 → Φ (li, X)=1, then Φ (li,X)-Φ(0i, X)=1；
3Φ(0i, X) and=1 → Φ (li, X)=1, then Φ (li,X)-Φ(0i, X)=0；
The first situation and the third situation cannot all illustrate the state change of xi to what work of the generation of top event
With, it has the effect that second situation illustrates xi, the i.e. state as elementary event xi only, changes to 1 from 0, the shape of other elementary events
Degree remains unchanged, the state Φ (0 of top eventi, X)=0 change to Φ (li, X)=1, that is to say, it is bright, this elementary event xi's
Serve whether state change is to the generation of top event.
Structure importance formula can be with are as follows:
Ixi=∑ [φ (x1,x2,...,1i,...,xn)-φ(x1,x2,...,0i,...,xn)]/2(n-1)
In formula, IxiFor the structure importance of elementary event fire precipitating factor xi, Σ [φ (x1,x2,...,1i,...,
xn)-φ(x1,x2,...,0i,...,xn)] indicate the state of xi never generating state 0 become after generating state 1 top event T from
When generating state 0 does not become generating state 1 in addition to xi other fire precipitating factors combinations of states situation, wherein φ (x1,
x2,...,xn)=1 indicate top event there is a situation where；φ(x1,x2,...,xn)=0 indicates the feelings that top event does not occur
Condition；φ(x1,x2,...,1i,...,xn) indicate fire precipitating factor xi be generating state 1 when top event state, φ (x1,
x2,...,0i,...,xn) indicate fire precipitating factor xi be 0 when top event state, n be fire precipitating factor number.
In 15 elementary events, the combination of two states shares 2 whether elementary event occurs15Kind；Using xi as variation
Object, the control group that other events remain unchanged have 214It is a.After enumerating it is not difficult to find that in this accident tree φ (x1,x2,...,
1i,...,xn)-φ(x1,x2,...,0i,...,xn) value only there are two types of: 1 and 0.Therefore, ∑ [φ (x1,x2,...,1i,...,
xn)-φ(x1,x2,...,0i,...,xn)] indicate this 214In a state, xi, which changes, causes top event to change
Number.Formula T=K1K2K3K4 is analyzed with the conclusion.
By taking the structure importance of x1 calculates as an example, if the variation of x1 can cause top event to change, intermediate event
K1, K2, K3 need to be generating state 1.It include six elementary events for K1, total combinations of states situation is 26It is a.If K1 is not
Generating state 0, then x2, x3 and x4x5x6x7 are all that generating state 0, corresponding total combinations of states situation are not
24- 1, therefore it is 2 that K1, which is total combinations of states situation of generating state 1,6-24+1.K2 and K3 is similarly calculated, the structure of x1 can be obtained
Different degree are as follows:
Ix1=((26-24+1)·(22-1)·(26-1))/214=0.565
And so on, x2 and x3 have symmetry, if the variation of x2 or x3 can cause top event to change, in K1
Other all remain 0, and K2, K3, K4 1:
Ix2=Ix3=((24-1)·(22-1)·(26-1))/214=0.175
Remaining elementary event structural coefficient can similarly be calculated:
Ix4=Ix5=Ix6=Ix7=((22-1)·(26-1))/214=0.0115
Ix8=Ix9=((26-24+1)·(26-1))/214=0.188
Ix10=Ix11=Ix12=Ix13=Ix14=Ix15=((26-24+1)·(22-1))/214=0.009
Wherein, [1, n] i ∈, n are the number of fire precipitating factor.
It may include steps of according to the significance level that structure importance evaluates fire precipitating factor:
Structure importance is sorted from high to low are as follows:
Ix1>Ix8=Ix9>Ix2=Ix3>Ix4=Ix5=Ix6=Ix7>Ix10=Ix11=Ix12=Ix13=Ix14=Ix15；
Then the significance level of fire precipitating factor sorts from high to low are as follows:
X1 > x8=x9 > x2=x3 > x4=x5=x6=x7 > x10=x11=x12=x13=x14=x15.
A kind of battery Fire Fault Tree model determination system, system may include:
Analysis module is used to that fire to occur as top event using battery, leads to battery fire by fault tree analysis process determination
The intermediate event and elementary event of generation, elementary event are fire precipitating factor；
Determining module is used to determine battery Fire Fault Tree mould by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation
Type.
Analysis module is specifically used for:
Respectively using the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model as the 1st lower layer's event of top event；
Using the 1st lower layer's event as the 1st result event, the conditional event of the 1st result event is exported, with conditional event work
It for the 2nd lower layer's event of the 1st lower layer's event, successively derives, until cannot be exported using n-th lower layer's event as the n-th result event
The conditional event of n-th result event, then n-th lower layer's event is elementary event, during the 1st lower layer's event to (n-1)th lower layer's event is
Between event.
Wherein, the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model include: fuel A1, oxidant A2 and incendiary source A3；
Oxidant includes: the oxygen in the decomposition product and air of cell positive material；Fuel includes: electrolyte, alkane
Gas and esters alcohol compound；Incendiary source includes: hot environment locating for battery and the embedding lithium of inside battery cathode and electrolyte
React heat production.
Specifically, intermediate event further include: electrolyte fuel gas is by thermal evaporation A4, fuel gas product accumulation A5, electricity
Pole material itself generates oxygen A6, battery and reacts A9, anode electrode with Li+ from heat production A7, electrolyte decomposition reaction A8, electrolyte
Material decomposition reaction heat release A10, cathode Li precipitation reacted with the exothermic reaction A11 of electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition heat production A12,
Joule heat A13, SEI film of internal short-circuit release, which is decomposed, reacts A14, Li+ inside electrode material surface precipitation A15, anode
Exothermic reaction heat effect A17, dendrite Li pierce through diaphragm generation internal short-circuit A18 inside exothermic reaction heat effect A16, cathode.
Battery fire precipitating factor includes: x1: cell casing rupture；
X2: the vapourizing temperature threshold value of electrolyte is lower than 120 DEG C；
X3: electrolyte system, which decomposes, to be generated hydro carbons imflammable gas and generates heat；
X4:Li+, which takes place with electrolyte in 110 DEG C, to react and generates heat；
X5:SEI film starts to decompose when 80 DEG C, and 120 DEG C of whens decompose completely；
X6: there are SEI films on negative electrode material surface；
X7: electrode chemical potential energy and embedding lithium abjection ability are incremented by as state-of-charge SOC is improved；
X8: there are oxygen in ambient air；
X9: positive electrode, which decomposes, to be generated oxygen and discharges heat；
X10: external heat source heating；
X11: needle thorn, extruding, hitting operation are carried out to battery, battery main body is impaired；
X12: super-charge super-discharge forms dendrite lithium；
X13: there are gaps, and Li in charge and discharge process to be caused to accumulate to form dendrite lithium for electric core winding；
X14: electrode current collecting body breakage generates burr and pierces through diaphragm formation internal short-circuit；
X15: diaphragm decomposes fusing, causes positive and negative anodes contact.
Further, it is determined that module is specifically used for:
Top event, intermediate event and elementary event are connected by logic gate and establish battery Fire Fault Tree, wherein is logical
It crosses or what door connected has:
A4, A5 are separately connected A1；A6, x8 are separately connected A2；A7, x10 are separately connected A3；A8, A9 are separately connected A5；A10,
A11, A12, A13 are separately connected A7；X14, A18, x11, x15 connect A13；X12, x13 are separately connected A18；
Have by what is connect with door:
X2, A3 are separately connected A4；X3, A3 are separately connected A8；X9, A3 are separately connected A6；X7, A3 are separately connected A15；A11,
A12, A13 are separately connected A16；A12, A13 are separately connected A17；
Have by what condition was connect with door:
A1, A2, A3 are separately connected T, using x1 as condition；
X6, A3 are separately connected A14, using x5 as condition；
A14, A15, A3 are separately connected A9, using x4 as condition；
Have by what condition or door connected:
A16, x10 are separately connected A10, using x9 as condition；
A17, x10 are separately connected A11, using x4 as condition；
X10, A13 are separately connected A12, using x3 as condition.
Specifically, analysis module includes battery fire trigonometric analysis module and battery Fault Tree Analysis of Fire Accident module；
Battery fire trigonometric analysis module is used to analyze the relationship between the three elements and three elements of battery fire triangle；
Battery Fault Tree Analysis of Fire Accident module is used to analyze the top event of battery Fire Fault Tree, intermediate event, basic
Event and analyze the top event of battery Fire Fault Tree, intermediate event, the logical communication link between elementary event.
Further, it is determined that module is also possible that for determining battery fire thing according to the battery fire incident tree-model
Therefore tree mathematical model T, the specific formula (1) as in the above method.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments herein can provide as method, system or computer program
Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the application
Apply the form of example.Moreover, it wherein includes the computer of computer usable program code that the application, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) produces
The form of product.
The application is referring to method, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, to the greatest extent
Invention is explained in detail referring to above-described embodiment for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still
It can be with modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to specific embodiments of the invention, and without departing from any of spirit and scope of the invention
Modification or equivalent replacement, should all cover within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of battery fire incident tree-model determines method, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Using battery occur fire as top event, by fault tree analysis process determine cause battery fire occur intermediate event and
Elementary event, the elementary event are fire precipitating factor；
By the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation, battery fire incident tree-model is determined.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described determined by fault tree analysis process causes battery fire to be sent out
Raw intermediate event and elementary event, comprising:
Respectively using the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model as the 1st lower layer's event of the top event；
Using the 1st lower layer's event as the 1st result event, the conditional event of the 1st result event is exported, with conditional event work
For the 2nd lower layer's event of the 1st lower layer's event, successively derive, until using n-th lower layer's event as the n-th result event, it cannot
The conditional event of the n-th result event is exported, then n-th lower layer's event is elementary event, the 1st lower layer's event to (n-1)th lower layer's event
For intermediate event.
3. method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the three elements of the battery fire Triangle Model include: fuel A1,
Oxidant A2 and incendiary source A3；
The oxidant includes: the oxygen in the decomposition product and air of cell positive material；The fuel include: electrolyte,
Paraffin gas and esters alcohol compound；The incendiary source includes: hot environment locating for battery and the embedding lithium of inside battery cathode
It reacts heat production with electrolyte.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the intermediate event further include:
Electrolyte fuel gas is generated oxygen A6, battery certainly by thermal evaporation A4, fuel gas product accumulation A5, electrode material itself
Heat production A7, electrolyte decomposition reaction A8, electrolyte react decomposition reaction heat release A10, the cathode of A9, positive electrode material with Li+
Joule heat A13, SEI film that heat production A12, internal short-circuit release are reacted with the exothermic reaction A11 of electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition is precipitated in Li
It decomposes and reacts A14, Li+ inside electrode material surface precipitation A15, the internal exothermic reaction heat effect A16 of anode, cathode
Exothermic reaction heat effect A17, dendrite Li pierce through diaphragm and internal short-circuit A18 occur.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the fire precipitating factor includes:
X1: cell casing rupture；
X2: the vapourizing temperature threshold value of electrolyte is lower than 120 DEG C；
X3: electrolyte system, which decomposes, to be generated hydro carbons imflammable gas and generates heat；
X4:Li+, which takes place with electrolyte in 110 DEG C, to react and generates heat；
X5:SEI film starts to decompose when 80 DEG C, and 120 DEG C of whens decompose completely；
X6: there are SEI films on negative electrode material surface；
X7: electrode chemical potential energy and embedding lithium abjection ability are incremented by as state-of-charge SOC is improved；
X8: there are oxygen in ambient air；
X9: positive electrode, which decomposes, to be generated oxygen and discharges heat；
X10: external heat source heating；
X11: needle thorn, extruding, hitting operation are carried out to battery, battery main body is impaired；
X12: super-charge super-discharge forms dendrite lithium；
X13: there are gaps, and Li in charge and discharge process to be caused to accumulate to form dendrite lithium for electric core winding；
X14: electrode current collecting body breakage generates burr and pierces through diaphragm formation internal short-circuit；
X15: diaphragm decomposes fusing, causes positive and negative anodes contact.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that described by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logic fortune
It calculates, determines that battery fire incident tree-model includes:
Top event, intermediate event and elementary event are connected by logic gate and establish battery Fire Fault Tree, wherein by or
Door connection has:
A4, A5 are separately connected A1；A6, x8 are separately connected A2；A7, x10 are separately connected A3；A8, A9 are separately connected A5；A10,A11,
A12, A13 are separately connected A7；X14, A18, x11, x15 connect A13；X12, x13 are separately connected A18；
Have by what is connect with door:
X2, A3 are separately connected A4；X3, A3 are separately connected A8；X9, A3 are separately connected A6；X7, A3 are separately connected A15；A11,A12,
A13 is separately connected A16；A12, A13 are separately connected A17；
Have by what condition was connect with door:
A1, A2, A3 are separately connected T, using x1 as condition；
X6, A3 are separately connected A14, using x5 as condition；
A14, A15, A3 are separately connected A9, using x4 as condition；
Have by what condition or door connected:
A16, x10 are separately connected A10, using x9 as condition；
A17, x10 are separately connected A11, using x4 as condition；
X10, A13 are separately connected A12, using x3 as condition.
7. a kind of battery Fire Fault Tree model determination system, the system comprises:
Analysis module, for fire to occur as top event using battery, being determined by fault tree analysis process causes battery fire to be sent out
Raw intermediate event and elementary event, the elementary event are fire precipitating factor；
Determining module, for determining battery fire incident tree-model by the way that intermediate event and elementary event are carried out logical operation.
8. system as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the analysis module is specifically used for:
Respectively using the three elements of battery fire Triangle Model as the 1st lower layer's event of the top event；
Using the 1st lower layer's event as the 1st result event, the conditional event of the 1st result event is exported, with conditional event work
For the 2nd lower layer's event of the 1st lower layer's event, successively derive, until using n-th lower layer's event as the n-th result event, it cannot
The conditional event of the n-th result event is exported, then n-th lower layer's event is elementary event, the 1st lower layer's event to (n-1)th lower layer's event
For intermediate event.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the three elements of the battery fire Triangle Model include: fuel A1,
Oxidant A2 and incendiary source A3；
The oxidant includes: the oxygen in the decomposition product and air of cell positive material；The fuel include: electrolyte,
Paraffin gas and esters alcohol compound；The incendiary source includes: hot environment locating for battery and the embedding lithium of inside battery cathode
It reacts heat production with electrolyte.
10. system as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the intermediate event further include:
Electrolyte fuel gas is generated oxygen A6, battery certainly by thermal evaporation A4, fuel gas product accumulation A5, electrode material itself
Heat production A7, electrolyte decomposition reaction A8, electrolyte react decomposition reaction heat release A10, the cathode of A9, positive electrode material with Li+
Joule heat A13, SEI film that heat production A12, internal short-circuit release are reacted with the exothermic reaction A11 of electrolyte, electrolyte decomposition is precipitated in Li
It decomposes and reacts A14, Li+ inside electrode material surface precipitation A15, the internal exothermic reaction heat effect A16 of anode, cathode
Exothermic reaction heat effect A17, dendrite Li pierce through diaphragm and internal short-circuit A18 occur.
11. system as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that the fire precipitating factor includes:
X1: cell casing rupture；
X2: the vapourizing temperature threshold value of electrolyte is lower than 120 DEG C；
X3: electrolyte system, which decomposes, to be generated hydro carbons imflammable gas and generates heat；
X4:Li+, which takes place with electrolyte in 110 DEG C, to react and generates heat；
X5:SEI film starts to decompose when 80 DEG C, and 120 DEG C of whens decompose completely；
X6: there are SEI films on negative electrode material surface；
X7: electrode chemical potential energy and embedding lithium abjection ability are incremented by as state-of-charge SOC is improved；
X8: there are oxygen in ambient air；
X9: positive electrode, which decomposes, to be generated oxygen and discharges heat；
X10: external heat source heating；
X11: needle thorn, extruding, hitting operation are carried out to battery, battery main body is impaired；
X12: super-charge super-discharge forms dendrite lithium；
X13: there are gaps, and Li in charge and discharge process to be caused to accumulate to form dendrite lithium for electric core winding；
X14: electrode current collecting body breakage generates burr and pierces through diaphragm formation internal short-circuit；
X15: diaphragm decomposes fusing, causes positive and negative anodes contact.
12. system as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that the determining module is specifically used for:
Top event, intermediate event and elementary event are connected by logic gate and establish battery Fire Fault Tree, wherein by or
Door connection has:
A4, A5 are separately connected A1；A6, x8 are separately connected A2；A7, x10 are separately connected A3；A8, A9 are separately connected A5；A10,A11,
A12, A13 are separately connected A7；X14, A18, x11, x15 connect A13；X12, x13 are separately connected A18；
Have by what is connect with door:
X2, A3 are separately connected A4；X3, A3 are separately connected A8；X9, A3 are separately connected A6；X7, A3 are separately connected A15；A11,A12,
A13 is separately connected A16；A12, A13 are separately connected A17；
Have by what condition was connect with door:
A1, A2, A3 are separately connected T, using x1 as condition；
X6, A3 are separately connected A14, using x5 as condition；
A14, A15, A3 are separately connected A9, using x4 as condition；
Have by what condition or door connected:
A16, x10 are separately connected A10, using x9 as condition；
A17, x10 are separately connected A11, using x4 as condition；
X10, A13 are separately connected A12, using x3 as condition.
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| CN110009228A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-12 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Probability theory is the same as the nuclear power plant's Protection of Diversity design method for determining that opinion combines |
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Application publication date: 20190305 |
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