CN109411243A - 一种柔性固态电解质及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose, microcrystalline Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 PTHCMJGKKRQCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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Abstract
本发明涉及电解质的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种柔性固态电解质及其制备方法,由纤维素纳米纤维制备而成。配制纤维素纳米纤维的水分散液;将分散液在模具中烘干制成薄膜;将薄膜浸没于液态电解质中溶胀,形成固态凝胶电解质。本发明提供的一种柔性固态电解质及其制备方法,制备的固态电解质具有高离子导电性、高机械稳定性,制备工艺简单、设备要求低的特点,适合于规模化制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电解质的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种柔性固态电解质及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前储能材料中的电解质可以分为液态电解质和固态电解质两类。液态电解质多为有机溶液,容易挥发与泄露,甚至在发生温度骤升时容易发生燃烧和爆炸,因此安全性较差。而固态电解质不存在漏液问题,因而采用固态电解质的储能器件通常具有较高安全性。
然而,固态电解质也存在一定的缺陷:1.电极与电解质之间有效接触较弱,离子在固体物质中传输速度与液体电解质相比较低,因此其离子导电性较低。2.机械强度较差,结构不稳定,在形变下易发生结构破坏。3.成形加工困难,成本较高。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明要提供一种简单的并可以规模化制备的柔性固态电解质及其制备方法,从而能够解决目前固态电解质存在的离子导电性低,机械稳定性差以及难以加工制备的缺陷。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种柔性固态电解质,由纤维素纳米纤维制备而成。
该一种柔性固态电解质的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)配制纤维素纳米纤维的水分散液;
2)将分散液在模具中烘干制成薄膜;
3)将薄膜浸没于液态电解质中溶胀,形成固态凝胶电解质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种柔性固态电解质的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的纤维素纳米纤维的水分散液中纤维素纳米纤维质量分数为0.3wt%~0.7wt%。
本发明提供的一种柔性固态电解质及其制备方法,制备的固态电解质具有高离子导电性、高机械稳定性,制备工艺简单、设备要求低的特点,适合于规模化制备。
附图说明
图1为固态柔性纤维素凝胶电解质奎斯特图;
图2为固态柔性纤维素凝胶电解质溶胀比随时间变化曲线;m为溶胀后质量,m0为溶胀前质量;
图3为固态柔性纤维素薄膜溶胀前后光学照片对比,溶胀时间为3min;
图4为使用柔性固态纤维素凝胶电解质制备的超级电容器样品在不同弯折角度的循环伏安曲线图;
图5为使用柔性固态纤维素凝胶电解质制备的超级电容器样品在不同弯折角度的恒流充放电曲线图;
图6为使用柔性固态纤维素凝胶电解质制备的超级电容器样品在不同弯折角度的比电容。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和优选实施例对本发明作进一步地说明。
(1)纤维素纳米纤维固态凝胶电解质及由其组成的超级电容器的制备:
配置含量为0.5wt%的纤维素纳米纤维的水分散液,并在50℃下于聚苯胺片状电极上烘干成膜;
将两片附有纤维素纳米纤维的聚苯胺电极片组装成三明治结构,其有效面积为1×1cm2;
将三明治结构薄膜在室温下浸没于1M的硫酸水溶液中浸泡3分钟,制备出以纤维素纳米纤维为固态电解质的超级电容器。
(2)样品结构表征及性能检测
电化学性能由型号为CS310的电化学工作站测定。测试使用两电极系统,测试温度为室温。奈奎斯特曲线如图1,测试交流幅值选择5mV,频率为100kHz-0.1Hz。
固态柔性纤维素凝胶电解质溶胀比随时间变化曲线如图2,由纤维素纳米纤维薄膜在浸没于1M硫酸溶液一定时间后,测定溶胀后质量与溶胀前质量之比得出。
将固态柔性纤维素薄膜在浸没于1M硫酸溶液3分钟,溶胀前后光学照片对比,如图3。
弯折稳定性检测。如图4使用柔性固态纤维素凝胶电解质制备的超级电容器样品在不同弯折角度的循环伏安曲线图,其电压扫描速率为10mV/s,由图可以看出,该柔性锌离子电池从0°弯折至180°时,其循环伏安曲线变化极小,这表明该柔性锌离子电池在不同弯折状态下仍能保持稳定的充放电性能。如图5,使用柔性固态纤维素凝胶电解质制备的超级电容器样品在不同弯折角度的恒流充放电曲线图,由图可以看出,该柔性锌离子电池从0°弯折至180°时,其恒流充放电曲线变化不明显,因此其具有较好的充放电稳定性。
材料的比电容弯折稳定性曲线,如图6,由恒流充放电性能,根据公式(1)计算得出。
其中I,t,V,A分别为电流,放电时间,电压以及两电极有效面积。
以上所述仅表达了本发明的优选实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形、改进及替代,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种柔性固态电解质,其特征在于:由纤维素纳米纤维制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种柔性固态电解质的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)配制纤维素纳米纤维的水分散液;
2)将分散液在模具中烘干制成薄膜;
3)将薄膜浸没于液态电解质中溶胀,形成固态凝胶电解质。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种柔性固态电解质的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的纤维素纳米纤维的水分散液中纤维素纳米纤维质量分数为0.3wt%~0.7wt%。
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CN113782827A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种固态电解质薄膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN105860114A (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-08-17 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种纤维素纳米纤维固态电解质膜的制备方法 |
CN107681196A (zh) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-09 | 山东森鑫环保科技有限公司 | 无合成聚合物柔性固体电解质膜和其制备方法及其应用 |
CN107749491A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-02 | 柔电(武汉)科技有限公司 | 柔性全固态电池及其制备方法 |
CN108063279A (zh) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-22 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种纤维素基凝胶聚合物电解质及其制备方法和含该电解质的锂离子电池 |
US20190311862A1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-10-10 | Science Ventures Denmark A/S | A supercapacitor and a method for expanding the voltage range of an aqueous electrolyte suprcapacitor |
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CN105860114A (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-08-17 | 青岛科技大学 | 一种纤维素纳米纤维固态电解质膜的制备方法 |
US20190311862A1 (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2019-10-10 | Science Ventures Denmark A/S | A supercapacitor and a method for expanding the voltage range of an aqueous electrolyte suprcapacitor |
CN108063279A (zh) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-22 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种纤维素基凝胶聚合物电解质及其制备方法和含该电解质的锂离子电池 |
CN107681196A (zh) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-02-09 | 山东森鑫环保科技有限公司 | 无合成聚合物柔性固体电解质膜和其制备方法及其应用 |
CN107749491A (zh) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-02 | 柔电(武汉)科技有限公司 | 柔性全固态电池及其制备方法 |
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CN113782827A (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-10 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种固态电解质薄膜及其制备方法和应用 |
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