CN109403963B - Device for measuring collapse pressure of well wall after water invasion by simulating seepage field change - Google Patents
Device for measuring collapse pressure of well wall after water invasion by simulating seepage field change Download PDFInfo
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- CN109403963B CN109403963B CN201811478214.4A CN201811478214A CN109403963B CN 109403963 B CN109403963 B CN 109403963B CN 201811478214 A CN201811478214 A CN 201811478214A CN 109403963 B CN109403963 B CN 109403963B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 105
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000016253 exhaustion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring collapse pressure of a well wall after water invasion by simulating seepage field change, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a stratum simulation module, a drilling fluid circulation module, a pressure control module and a data processing module, wherein the pressure control module acts on the stratum simulation module and the drilling fluid circulation module respectively, and the data processing module detects the permeability of the stratum simulation module under the action of the pressure control module. The device for measuring the collapse pressure of the well wall after water invasion for simulating the change of the seepage field has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, lower manufacturing cost and accurate measured data; the corresponding relation of the permeability, the water invasion amount and the collapse pressure changing along with time is established by measuring the water invasion amount of the simulated rock core under different permeability conditions and the corresponding borehole wall collapse pressure under different water invasion amounts, and the method has a certain guiding significance for reasonable selection of the drilling fluid density on the construction site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of well wall instability research in the shale drilling process, and particularly relates to a device for measuring well wall collapse pressure after water invasion by simulating seepage field change.
Background
In recent years, with the progressive exhaustion of conventional oil and gas resources, shale oil and gas has been attracting attention due to its tremendous geological reserves and development prospects. However, there are many technical problems in the shale gas exploitation field, for example, in drilling engineering, when drilling a shale reservoir, the problem of well instability caused by shale water invasion is particularly troublesome, and according to preliminary statistics, the economic loss of the petroleum and natural gas industry caused by the problem of well instability is as high as 8-10 billion dollars each year, so that the research on the theory and experimental aspects of the problem of well instability in the process of reinforcing the shale drilling is urgent.
The factors influencing the water invasion of the shale include capillary force, chemical potential, pressure field, temperature field, seepage field and the like in the deep stratum, and based on the factors, the device provided by the invention is additionally provided with a temperature control system and a pressure control system, and the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the stratum under the real drilling working condition is simulated. In addition, as the permeability belongs to the inherent property of the rock and the numerical value is not variable, in the device, the contact end surfaces of two adjacent simulated cores are used for simulating natural cracks, and the opening degree of the simulated cracks is reduced by pressing the two ends of the simulated cores, so that the permeability value of the whole simulated core is indirectly changed.
The main components of the shale are various clay minerals such as montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and the like, and the bedding weak surface is relatively developed and the mechanical property is unstable, so compared with other rocks, the shale has the unique characteristics, mainly the shale has the characteristics of water absorption expansion, the water phase in the drilling fluid can enter the crystal layers of the clay minerals, so that the volume of solid particles is expanded, the pore pressure is increased, the original stress field around the well is changed, the mechanical parameters of the rock are changed, and finally a series of complex working conditions such as diameter shrinkage, collapse and the like are caused, the drilling construction period is greatly prolonged, and the drilling operation cost is increased.
The rock mechanical parameters and the ground stress are related to the water invasion amount, and the collapse pressure directly determines the lower limit of a drilling fluid density window in the construction process, so that it is more and more important to design a set of well wall collapse pressure measuring device with controllable temperature and pressure environment, variable permeability and measurable water invasion amount and collapse pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide the device for measuring the collapse pressure of the well wall after water invasion, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and lower manufacturing cost and can simulate the change of a seepage field.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a simulation seepage field changes behind water invasion wall of a well pressure measuring device that collapses, includes stratum simulation module, drilling fluid circulation module, pressure control module and data processing module, and pressure control module acts on stratum simulation module and drilling fluid circulation module respectively, and data processing module detects the permeability of stratum simulation module under pressure control module's effect.
Preferably, the stratum simulation module comprises an autoclave and three simulated cores, wherein the simulated cores are positioned in the autoclave, and the contact end surfaces of adjacent simulated cores form simulated cracks.
Preferably, the drilling fluid circulation module comprises a simulated shaft, a liquid storage tank, a liquid injection pump, a clear water liquid storage tank and a liquid circulation power pump, wherein the simulated shaft penetrates through the autoclave, the simulated rock core is positioned in the autoclave, the simulated rock core is of a cylindrical structure, and the circular arc-shaped outer wall of the simulated rock core is in direct contact with the simulated shaft; the upper end of the simulation shaft is communicated with the clean water liquid storage tank through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the lower end of the simulation shaft is communicated with the end part of the liquid circulation power pump through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the other end of the liquid circulation power pump is communicated with the clean water liquid storage tank through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the clean water liquid storage tank is communicated with the liquid injection pump through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the liquid injection pump is connected with the liquid storage tank through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, liquid in the liquid storage tank is injected into the clean water liquid storage tank through the liquid injection pump, the liquid in the clean water liquid storage tank enters the simulation shaft through the high-pressure-bearing pipeline, and returns to the clean water liquid storage tank after passing through the liquid circulation power pump.
Preferably, a sixth valve is arranged between the liquid storage tank and the liquid injection pump, and the sixth valve can control the connection and disconnection of a high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the clear water storage tank and the liquid injection pump; a seventh valve is arranged between the clean water liquid storage tank and the liquid circulation power pump, and the seventh valve controls the connection and disconnection of a high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the clean water liquid storage tank and the liquid circulation power pump; a fifth pressure gauge is arranged on the high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the simulated shaft and the clear water storage tank and is used for monitoring the pressure value between the simulated shaft and the clear water storage tank.
Preferably, the pressure control module comprises a pressurized steel plate, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, a sealing rubber gasket, a first gas injection valve group, a second gas injection valve group and a third gas injection valve group, wherein the sealing rubber gasket is positioned at two ends of the pressurized steel plate, the pressurized steel plate is positioned in the autoclave, the number of the pressurized steel plates is two and is distributed at two ends of the simulated rock core, and the third gas injection valve group has the same structure as the first gas injection valve group; the other surface of the pressurized steel plate positioned on the upper side of the simulated rock core is connected with a third gas injection valve group, and the other surface of the pressurized steel plate positioned on the lower side of the simulated rock core is connected with a first gas injection valve group; the first gas injection valve group is connected with the third gas injection valve group through a pipeline and then is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder through a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is connected with the second gas injection valve group through a high-pressure pipeline, and the other end of the second gas injection valve group is connected with the simulated rock core through the autoclave.
Preferably, a third valve is arranged on the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder and the second gas injection valve group, and the third valve controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder and the second gas injection valve group; the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder and the third gas injection valve group is provided with a first valve, the first valve controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder and the third gas injection valve group, the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder and the first gas injection valve group is provided with a fifth valve, the fifth valve controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder and the first gas injection valve group, a fourth valve is arranged between the high pressure pipeline connected with the high pressure nitrogen cylinder after the high pressure pipeline between the first valve and the high pressure pipeline between the fifth valve and the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder after the high pressure pipeline between the first valve and the high pressure pipeline between the fifth valve are combined, and the connection and disconnection between the high pressure pipeline and the high pressure nitrogen cylinder are controlled by the fourth valve.
Preferably, a first pressure gauge is arranged on the high pressure pipeline, wherein the high pressure pipeline is used for communicating the high pressure nitrogen gas cylinder with the third gas injection valve group, and the first pressure gauge is used for detecting the pressure in the high pressure pipeline, namely the pressure value of the pressure steel plate applied to the simulated rock core, which is communicated with the high pressure nitrogen gas cylinder and the third gas injection valve group.
Preferably, a fourth gas injection valve group is arranged at the top of the clear water liquid storage tank, a high-pressure pipeline which is communicated with the third gas injection valve group through a high-pressure pipeline is connected with the fourth gas injection valve group, a second valve is arranged on the high-pressure pipeline which is connected with the fourth gas injection valve group through the high-pressure pipeline which is communicated with the third gas injection valve group through the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder, and the second valve controls the connection and disconnection of a pipeline where the second valve is located.
Preferably, the data processing module comprises a displacement sensor, a data acquisition terminal, a power supply, a resistance plate and a pressure measuring probe, wherein the displacement sensor is distributed at equal intervals and is tightly attached to the side wall of the simulated rock core and is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal after being connected in series, the end part of the resistance plate passes through the autoclave and is electrically connected with the simulated rock core, the other end of the resistance plate passes through the power supply and is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal, the end part of the pressure measuring probe passes through the autoclave and is internally connected with the simulated shaft, the position of the pressure measuring probe in the simulated shaft is arranged at the same height and symmetrically as the position of the displacement sensor, the other end of the pressure measuring probe is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal, and the data acquisition terminal is respectively electrically connected with the first pressure gauge and the fifth pressure gauge.
Preferably, the number of the pressure measuring probes is three, and a second pressure gauge, a third pressure gauge and a fourth pressure gauge are respectively arranged between the pressure measuring probes with the number of three and the data acquisition terminal, the second pressure gauge detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes positioned at the upper part of the autoclave, the third pressure gauge detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes positioned at the middle part of the autoclave, and the fourth pressure gauge detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes positioned at the bottom of the autoclave.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the device for measuring the collapse pressure of the well wall after water invasion for simulating the change of the seepage field has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, lower manufacturing cost and accurate measured data; the corresponding relation of the permeability, the water invasion amount and the collapse pressure changing along with time is established by measuring the water invasion amount of the simulated rock core under different permeability conditions and the corresponding borehole wall collapse pressure under different water invasion amounts, and the method has a certain guiding significance for reasonable selection of the drilling fluid density on the construction site.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring borehole wall collapse pressure after water invasion, which simulates the change of a seepage field.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. an autoclave; 2. simulating a wellbore; 3. a displacement sensor; 4. a pressurized steel plate; 5. a first valve; 6. a second valve; 7. a data acquisition terminal; 8. a first pressure gauge; 9. a power supply; 10. a resistance plate; 11. a third valve; 12. a high pressure nitrogen cylinder; 13. a fourth valve; 14. sealing a rubber pad; 15. a fifth valve; 16. a first gas injection valve block; 17. a second gas injection valve block; 18. simulating a core; 19. simulating cracks; 20. a second pressure gauge; 22. a third pressure gauge; 23. a fourth pressure gauge; 24. a fifth pressure gauge; 25. a fourth gas injection valve group; 26. a liquid storage tank; 27. a sixth valve; 28. a liquid injection pump; 29. clear water storage tank; 30. a seventh valve; 31. a fluid circulation power pump; 161. and the third gas is injected into the valve group.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples:
as shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring the collapse pressure of the well wall after water invasion for simulating the change of a seepage field comprises a stratum simulation module, a drilling fluid circulation module, a pressure control module and a data processing module, wherein the pressure control module acts on the stratum simulation module and the drilling fluid circulation module respectively, and the data processing module detects the seepage rate, the temperature change, the pressure change and the like of the stratum simulation module under the action of the pressure control module.
The stratum simulation module comprises an autoclave 1 and three simulated cores 18, wherein the simulated cores 18 are positioned in the autoclave 1, and simulated cracks 19 are formed on the contact end surfaces of adjacent simulated cores 18. In the actual use process, the number and the size of the blocks of the simulated rock core 18 can be modified according to the actual use requirement so as to obtain different numbers of simulated cracks 19, so that the adjustable range of the permeability value is enlarged and the permeability value is closer to the actual stratum environment.
The drilling fluid circulation module comprises a simulated well bore 2, a liquid storage tank 26, a liquid injection pump 28, a clean water liquid storage tank 29 and a liquid circulation power pump 31, wherein the simulated well bore 2 penetrates through the autoclave 1. The simulated rock core 18 is located inside the autoclave 1, the simulated rock core 18 is of a cylindrical structure, and the circular arc-shaped outer wall of the simulated rock core 18 is in direct contact with the simulated wellbore 2. The upper end of the simulated well bore 2 is communicated with the clean water storage tank 29 through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, and the lower end of the simulated well bore 2 is communicated with the end part of the liquid circulation power pump 31 through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline. The other end of the liquid circulation power pump 31 is communicated with the clean water liquid storage tank 29 through a high pressure-bearing pipeline, the clean water liquid storage tank 29 is communicated with the liquid injection pump 28 through a high pressure-bearing pipeline, the liquid injection pump 28 is connected with the liquid storage tank 26 through a high pressure-bearing pipeline, liquid in the liquid storage tank 26 is injected into the clean water liquid storage tank 29 through the liquid injection pump 28, the liquid in the clean water liquid storage tank 29 enters the simulated shaft 2 through the high pressure-bearing pipeline, and then returns to the clean water liquid storage tank 29 after passing through the liquid circulation power pump 31.
The outer surfaces of the liquid storage tank 26 and the clear water storage tank 29 are respectively carved with scales, and in the working process of the invention, an operator can calculate the water invasion amount according to the liquid volume change values in the clear water storage tank 29 and the liquid storage tank 26, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: water intrusion = initial liquid volume of reservoir + fresh water injection volume-final liquid volume of reservoir.
A sixth valve 27 is arranged between the clean water liquid storage tank 29 and the liquid injection pump 28, and the sixth valve 27 can control the connection and disconnection of a high-pressure pipeline between the clean water liquid storage tank 29 and the liquid injection pump 28; a seventh valve 30 is arranged between the clean water liquid storage tank 29 and the liquid circulation power pump 31, and the seventh valve 30 controls the connection and disconnection of a high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the clean water liquid storage tank 29 and the liquid circulation power pump 31; a fifth pressure gauge 24 is arranged on the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the simulated well bore 2 and the clean water storage tank 29, and the fifth pressure gauge 24 is used for monitoring the pressure value between the simulated well bore 2 and the clean water storage tank 29.
The pressure control module comprises a pressurized steel plate 4, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 12, a sealing rubber gasket 14, a first gas injection valve group 16, a second gas injection valve group 17 and a third gas injection valve group 161, wherein the sealing rubber gasket 14 is positioned at two ends of the pressurized steel plate 4, the pressurized steel plate 4 is positioned in the autoclave 1, the number of the pressurized steel plates 4 is two and is distributed at two ends of a simulated rock core 18, and the third gas injection valve group 161 and the first gas injection valve group 16 have the same structure; the other side of the pressurized steel plate 4 positioned on the upper side of the simulated rock core 18 is connected with a third gas injection valve group 161, and the other side of the pressurized steel plate 4 positioned on the lower side of the simulated rock core 18 is connected with a first gas injection valve group 16; the first gas injection valve group 16 and the third gas injection valve group 161 are connected through pipelines and then are connected with the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 12 through a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 12 is connected with the second gas injection valve group 17 through a high-pressure pipeline, and the other end of the second gas injection valve group 17 is connected with the simulated rock core 18 through the autoclave 1. The high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 is filled with high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas can be introduced into a high-pressure-bearing pipeline communicated with the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 through the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 12, so that related work is completed.
A third valve 11 is arranged on the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the second gas injection valve group 17, and the third valve 11 controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the second gas injection valve group 17. The high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the third gas injection valve bank 161 is provided with a first valve 5, the first valve 5 controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the third gas injection valve bank 161, the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the first gas injection valve bank 16 is provided with a fifth valve 15, the fifth valve 15 controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the first gas injection valve bank 16, a fourth valve 13 is arranged between the high pressure pipeline connected with the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 after the high pressure pipeline between the first valve 5 and the high pressure pipeline between the fifth valve 15 are combined, and the connection and disconnection between the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 and the high pressure pipeline between the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 5 and the high pressure pipeline between the fifth valve 15 are controlled by the fourth valve 13.
The first pressure gauge 8 is arranged on a high pressure bearing pipeline with the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 communicated with the third gas injection valve group 161, and the first pressure gauge 8 is used for detecting the pressure in the high pressure bearing pipeline with the high pressure nitrogen cylinder 12 communicated with the third gas injection valve group 161, namely the pressure value of the pressurized steel plate 4 applied to the simulated rock core 18.
The top of the clear water liquid storage tank 29 is provided with a fourth gas injection valve bank 25, a high-pressure pipeline for communicating the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 12 with the third gas injection valve bank 161 is connected with the fourth gas injection valve bank 25 through the high-pressure pipeline, a second valve 6 is arranged on the high-pressure pipeline for communicating the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 12 with the third gas injection valve bank 161 and the fourth gas injection valve bank 25, and the second valve 6 controls the connection and disconnection of a pipeline where the second valve 6 is located.
The data processing module comprises a displacement sensor 3, a data acquisition terminal 7, a power supply 9, a resistance board 10 and a pressure measuring probe 21, wherein the displacement sensor 3 is distributed at equal intervals and is clung to the side wall of the simulated rock core 18, and is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal 7 after being connected in series. In this embodiment, the number of the displacement sensors 3 is three, and the displacement sensors are equidistantly distributed and are closely attached to the side wall of the simulated rock core 18, and the side wall of the simulated rock core 18 attached with the displacement sensors 3 is in direct contact with the simulated wellbore 2. The adjacent displacement sensors 3 are connected in series and electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal 7 through wires. The end of the resistance board 10 passes through the autoclave 1 to be connected with the simulated rock core 18, and the other end of the resistance board 10 is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal 7 through the power supply 9. The number of resistive plates 10 is two and each is connected to a simulated core 18 located inside the autoclave 1. The resistor plate 10 generates heat during the energization of the power supply 9, which increases the temperature of the simulated core 18. The end part of the pressure measuring probe 21 passes through the autoclave 1 to be connected with the inside of the simulated shaft 2, and the position of the pressure measuring probe 21 in the inside of the simulated shaft 2 is equal in height and symmetrically arranged with the position of the displacement sensor 3. The other end of the pressure measuring probe 21 is electrically connected with a data acquisition terminal 7, and the data acquisition terminal 7 is electrically connected with a first pressure gauge 8 and a fifth pressure gauge 24 respectively.
The number of the pressure measuring probes 21 is three, and a second pressure gauge 20, a third pressure gauge 22 and a fourth pressure gauge 23 are respectively arranged between the pressure measuring probes 21 with the number of three and the data acquisition terminal 7, the second pressure gauge 20 detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes 21 positioned at the upper part of the autoclave 1, the third pressure gauge 22 detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes 21 positioned at the middle part of the autoclave 1, and the fourth pressure gauge 23 detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes 21 positioned at the bottom of the autoclave 1.
The data measured by the first pressure gauge 8, the displacement sensor 3, the second pressure gauge 20, the third pressure gauge 22, the fourth pressure gauge 23 and the fifth pressure gauge 24 are all processed and controlled by the data acquisition terminal 7. In the embodiment, a displacement sensor 3, a pressurized steel plate 4, a first valve 5, a second valve 6, a data acquisition terminal 7 and a first pressure gauge 8; the power supply 9, the resistive plate 10, the third valve 11, the high-pressure nitrogen bottle 12, the fourth valve 13, the fifth valve 15, the first gas injection valve set 16, the second gas injection valve set 17, the simulated core 18, the second pressure gauge 20, the third pressure gauge 22, the fourth pressure gauge 23, the fifth pressure gauge 24, the fourth gas injection valve set 25, the sixth valve 27, the liquid injection pump 28, the seventh valve 30, the liquid circulation power pump 31 and the third gas injection valve set 161 are all prior art devices.
To facilitate an understanding of the principles of operation of the present invention, the operation of the present invention will now be described in one pass:
in the first step, an ac power source is turned on, and the simulated core 18 is heated by the resistive plate 10 to reach a preset temperature T, where T is the code of the temperature value.
In the second step, the third valve 11 is opened, and the simulated rock core 18 is pressurized to a preset value P1 through the second gas injection valve group 17, wherein P1 is the pressure value inside the simulated rock core 18.
Third, the third valve 11 is closed, the second valve 6 and the fourth valve 13 are opened, and high-pressure gas is injected into the clean water liquid storage tank 29 by the fourth gas injection valve group 25 to enable the pressure in the drilling fluid circulation module to reach a preset value P2, wherein P2 is a pressure value which can be approximately the pressure value of a liquid column in the simulated shaft 2; when P1> P2, the whole equipment is in a simulated underbalanced drilling condition; when p1=p2, the entire apparatus is in simulated balanced drilling conditions; when P1< P2, the entire apparatus is in simulated overbalanced drilling conditions.
Fourth, close third valve 11 and second valve 6, open first valve 5, fourth valve 13 and fifth valve 15, through first gas injection valves 16 and third gas injection valves 161 respectively to pressurization steel sheet 4, pressurization steel sheet 4 compresses simulated rock core 18 and makes the aperture of simulation crack 19 reduce, calculate the simulated rock core permeability under the corresponding pressure by the preliminary work before the experiment, the pressure value can be freely set in this embodiment to the water invasion condition under the different seepage conditions of research. And opening the seventh valve 30 and the fluid circulation power pump 31 to enable fluid in the drilling fluid circulation module to start flowing, and monitoring the volume change of the fluid in the clean water storage tank 29 and the liquid storage tank 26 in real time to calculate the water invasion.
And fifthly, opening a sixth valve 27 and a liquid injection pump 28, adding clear water into the drilling fluid circulation module, and reducing the density of the drilling fluid, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the pressure of the liquid column in the simulated well shaft 2 and accelerating the collapse speed of the well wall.
And sixthly, along with the water invasion process and the reduction of the liquid column pressure in the simulated well 2, the well wall collapses quickly, the data acquisition terminal 7 monitors the displacement of the simulated well wall in real time so as to determine the collapse position, in addition, the pressure of the collapse point can be respectively read out by the second pressure gauge 20, the third pressure gauge 22 and the fourth pressure gauge 23, the pressure values of the second pressure gauge 20, the third pressure gauge 22 and the fourth pressure gauge 23 are collapse pressure values, and the corresponding relation among the permeability, the water invasion amount and the collapse pressure is finally established.
In this embodiment, the pressure steel plate 4 applies pressure to the simulated rock core 18, and the pressure opening of the simulated fracture 19 gradually decreases, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the permeability of the whole simulated rock core 18. In order to obtain specific values of the permeability under different pressure conditions, a Darcy experiment is adopted, the permeability values under a plurality of groups of pressure conditions are measured, and then a relation between the pressure values and the permeability is obtained through a linear fitting method.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a simulation seepage field changes behind water invasion wall of a well collapse pressure measuring device which characterized in that: the system comprises a stratum simulation module, a drilling fluid circulation module, a pressure control module and a data processing module, wherein the pressure control module acts on the stratum simulation module and the drilling fluid circulation module respectively;
the stratum simulation module comprises an autoclave (1) and three simulated cores (18), wherein the simulated cores (18) are positioned in the autoclave (1), and simulated cracks (19) are formed on the contact end surfaces of adjacent simulated cores (18);
the drilling fluid circulation module comprises a simulated shaft (2), a liquid storage tank (26), a liquid injection pump (28), a clear water storage tank (29) and a liquid circulation power pump (31), wherein the simulated shaft (2) is arranged in the autoclave (1) in a penetrating way, and the side wall of the simulated rock core (18) is in direct contact with the simulated shaft (2); the upper end of the simulation shaft (2) is communicated with a clean water liquid storage tank (29) through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the lower end of the simulation shaft (2) is communicated with the end part of a liquid circulation power pump (31) through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the other end of the liquid circulation power pump (31) is communicated with the clean water liquid storage tank (29) through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the clean water liquid storage tank (29) is communicated with a liquid injection pump (28) through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, the liquid injection pump (28) is connected with a liquid storage tank (26) through a high-pressure-bearing pipeline, liquid in the liquid storage tank (26) is injected into the clean water liquid storage tank (29) through the liquid injection pump (28), the liquid in the clean water liquid storage tank (29) enters the simulation shaft (2) through the high-pressure-bearing pipeline, and returns to the clean water liquid storage tank (29) after passing through the liquid circulation power pump (31);
a sixth valve (27) is arranged between the clean water liquid storage tank (29) and the liquid injection pump (28), and the sixth valve (27) can control the connection and disconnection of a high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the clean water liquid storage tank (29) and the liquid injection pump (28); a seventh valve (30) is arranged between the clean water liquid storage tank (29) and the liquid circulation power pump (31), and the seventh valve (30) controls the connection and disconnection of a high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the clean water liquid storage tank (29) and the liquid circulation power pump (31); a fifth pressure gauge (24) is arranged on a high-pressure-bearing pipeline between the simulated shaft (2) and the clear water storage tank (29), and the fifth pressure gauge (24) is used for monitoring the pressure value between the simulated shaft (2) and the clear water storage tank (29);
the pressure control module comprises a pressurized steel plate (4), a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12), a sealing rubber gasket (14), a first gas injection valve group (16), a second gas injection valve group (17) and a third gas injection valve group (161), wherein the sealing rubber gasket (14) is positioned at two ends of the pressurized steel plate (4), the pressurized steel plate (4) is positioned in the autoclave (1), the number of the pressurized steel plates (4) is two and distributed at two ends of the simulated rock core (18), and the third gas injection valve group (161) has the same structure as the first gas injection valve group (16); the other surface of the pressurized steel plate (4) positioned on the upper side of the simulated rock core (18) is connected with a third gas injection valve group (161), and the other surface of the pressurized steel plate (4) positioned on the lower side of the simulated rock core (18) is connected with a first gas injection valve group (16); the first gas injection valve group (16) is connected with the third gas injection valve group (161) through a pipeline and then is connected with the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) through a high-pressure pipeline, the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) is connected with the second gas injection valve group (17) through the high-pressure pipeline, and the other end of the second gas injection valve group (17) is connected with the simulated rock core (18) through the autoclave (1);
a third valve (11) is arranged on the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) and the second gas injection valve group (17), and the third valve (11) controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) and the second gas injection valve group (17); a first valve (5) is arranged on a high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) and the third gas injection valve group (161), the first valve (5) controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) and the third gas injection valve group (161), a fifth valve (15) is arranged on the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) and the first gas injection valve group (16), the fifth valve (15) controls the connection and disconnection of the high pressure-bearing pipeline between the high-pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) and the first gas injection valve group (16), a fourth valve (13) is arranged between the high pressure-bearing pipeline where the first valve (5) is positioned and the high pressure-bearing pipeline where the fifth valve (15) is positioned, and the connection and disconnection between the high pressure-bearing pipeline where the first valve (5) is positioned and the high pressure-bearing pipeline where the high pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) is positioned is controlled through the fourth valve (13);
the high pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) is communicated with the third gas injection valve group (161) and is provided with a first pressure gauge (8), and the first pressure gauge (8) is used for detecting the pressure in the high pressure pipeline where the high pressure nitrogen cylinder (12) is communicated with the third gas injection valve group (161), namely the pressure value of the pressurized steel plate (4) applied to the simulated rock core (18);
a fourth gas injection valve group (25) is arranged at the top of the clear water liquid storage tank (29), a high-pressure pipeline which is communicated with the third gas injection valve group (161) by the high-pressure nitrogen bottle (12) is connected with the fourth gas injection valve group (25) through the high-pressure pipeline, a second valve (6) is arranged on the high-pressure pipeline which is connected with the fourth gas injection valve group (25) by the high-pressure nitrogen bottle (12) and the high-pressure pipeline which is communicated with the third gas injection valve group (161), and the second valve (6) controls the connection and disconnection of a pipeline where the high-pressure nitrogen bottle is positioned;
the data processing module comprises a displacement sensor (3), a data acquisition terminal (7), a power supply (9), a resistance plate (10) and a pressure measuring probe (21), wherein the displacement sensor (3) is distributed at equal intervals and is clung to the side wall of the simulated rock core (18) and is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal after being connected in series, the end part of the resistance plate (10) passes through the autoclave (1) to be connected with the simulated rock core (18), the other end of the resistance plate (10) passes through the power supply (9) to be electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal (7), the end part of the pressure measuring probe (21) passes through the autoclave (1) to be connected with the inside of the simulated shaft (2), the position of the pressure measuring probe (21) in the inside of the simulated shaft (2) is equal in height and is symmetrically arranged, the other end of the pressure measuring probe (21) is electrically connected with the data acquisition terminal (7), and the data acquisition terminal (7) is respectively electrically connected with the first pressure gauge (8) and the fifth pressure gauge (24);
the number of the pressure measuring probes (21) is three, a second pressure gauge (20), a third pressure gauge (22) and a fourth pressure gauge (23) are respectively arranged between the pressure measuring probes (21) with the number of three and the data acquisition terminal (7), the second pressure gauge (20) detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes (21) positioned on the upper portion of the autoclave (1), the third pressure gauge (22) detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes (21) positioned in the middle of the autoclave (1), and the fourth pressure gauge (23) detects data measured by the pressure measuring probes (21) positioned on the bottom of the autoclave (1).
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| CN110259443A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-20 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of coal seam borehole wall stability prediction method based on 3DEC discrete element |
| CN110853475A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-28 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Deep sea drilling process pit shaft oil gas invasion simulation test device |
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