CN109400838A - 己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备方法和聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成方法 - Google Patents
己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备方法和聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于聚合物合成方法技术领域,具体涉及一种己内酯‑聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备方法和一种聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成方法。本发明利用己二酸型聚酯二元醇和己内酯的共聚反应而制得新的己内酯‑聚酯二元醇聚合物,可使用该己内酯‑聚酯二元醇聚合物为反应原料之一,用于进一步合成新的聚氨酯微孔弹性体。依据本发明所述合成方法制备的聚氨酯微孔弹性体在‑40℃至120℃的温度范围内具有稳定的压缩模量,即使所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体被置于高温环境中也不会发生性能显著降低;因此,所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体特别适用于作为承受动态疲劳的高强度阻尼元件,如汽车等交通工具的缓冲减震元件和桥梁减震块等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚合物合成方法技术领域,具体涉及一种己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备方法和一种聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成方法。
背景技术
众所周知,聚氨酯微孔弹性体(PUR)是聚酯二元醇、聚醚多元醇与异氰酸酯,在低分子量二醇或水等链增长剂和催化剂等助剂的存在下,发生反应制备而得的聚合物产品。使用聚酯二元醇为原料之一的PUR,比使用聚醚多元醇为原料之一的PUR的耐水解耐寒性能要差。而另一方面,使用聚醚多元醇制得的PUR,其耐热性、耐油性和耐溶剂性能则较差,因而使用受到限制。使用聚碳酸酯多元醇制得的PUR可改善上述缺点,然而此类聚氨酯微孔弹性体产品的低温柔顺性能并不理想,而且价格昂贵。
现有技术里,在人们已知的聚酯型PUR中,耐水解性能和耐低温性能均较好的聚氨酯微孔弹性体产品是由聚己内酯多元醇合成的,但是,在实际使用过程中,其低温压缩模量严重偏高。此外,已知的PUR种类还包括:由具有烷基侧链的链状二元醇制备的聚酯型PUR,如来自2-甲基丙二醇、新戊二醇、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇等的聚酯型PUR,然而,这些PUR产品在实用上和耐水性能等方面都表现得不够理想,又由于其在分子结构中引入了侧链烃基,这会增大大分子之间的距离、降低分子间的作用力,使大分子不易取向结晶,从而导致微孔弹性体的机械强度下降,同时,侧基的存在也妨碍软链段的自由旋转和微相分离,因此对其低温性能的改善也不一定奏效。
中国专利CN104650330B公开了一种耐低温耐水解的聚氨酯微孔弹性体的制备方法,该方法采用混合二元醇和二元羧酸制得聚酯二元醇,其中:混合二元醇由a)具有醚键的相对分子量为100-200的二醇、b)具有侧甲基的相对分子量为80-200的二醇和c)具有直链的相对分子量为80-200的二醇混合而成的,其中组分a)、组分b)和组分c)的摩尔用量均为混合二元醇总量的20-40%;然而,该聚氨酯微孔弹性体在高温下易发生材料的压缩模量严重下降且在低温下易发生压缩模量大幅上升,尤其是,该聚氨酯微孔弹性体在的综合性能在高温下降低较严重。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的上述技术缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种数均分子量Mn为1000-3000的己内酯-聚酯二元醇,并进一步利用该己内酯-聚酯二元醇以制备出一种在-40℃至120℃的温度范围内压缩模量稳定的聚氨酯微孔弹性体,而且该聚氨酯微孔弹性体即使被置于高温环境中也不会发生性能显著降低。
具体地,本发明第一方面提供了一种己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
在惰性气体保护下,向反应容器中分别加入羟值为112-224mgKOH/g的己二酸型聚酯二元醇,己内酯,钛酸四丁酯;加热反应,经开环聚合而生成羟值为羟值为40-112mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
其中,所述惰性气体例如为氮气、氩气。其中,
优选地,在上述制备方法中,所述加热反应的温度为150-170℃。
优选地,在上述制备方法中,所述己二酸型聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯和/或聚己二酸-1,2-丙二醇酯。
优选地,在上述制备方法中,所述己二酸型聚酯二元醇与所述己内酯的质量比为1:3~3:1。
优选地,在上述制备方法中,所述钛酸四丁酯的质量为反应物总质量的200ppm。
此外,本发明第二方面还提供了一种聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成方法,其包括以下步骤:
首先,根据第一方面所述的制备方法制得的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物和多异氰酸酯反应生成预聚物,所述预聚物的末端异氰酸酯基的重量百分含量为3-9%;
然后,将所述预聚物与扩链剂搅拌混合均匀,并加入催化剂,以进行发泡反应;
最后,实施后熟化处理,制得所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体;
其中,所述催化剂为三乙烯二胺、二甲基乙醇胺和双(二甲氨基乙基)醚的混合物;
其中,所述扩链剂由水、根据第一方面所述的制备方法制得的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物和硅氧烷泡沫稳定剂组成。
优选地,在上述合成方法中,所述多异氰酸酯选自以下任一种或多种的组合:二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1,5-萘-二异氰酸酯,3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-联苯二异氰酸酯,以及对苯二异氰酸酯。
优选地,在上述合成方法中,所述扩链剂的组分为:
水 0.5~1.0重量份
己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物 5~15重量份
硅氧烷泡沫稳定剂 0.5~1.5重量份。
优选地,在上述合成方法中,在所述催化剂中,三乙烯二胺、二甲基乙醇胺和双(二甲氨基乙基)醚的质量比为1:5:0.3。
总之,在本发明所提供的技术方案中,利用己二酸型聚酯二元醇和己内酯的共聚反应而制得新的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物,在此基础上,可使用该己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物为反应原料之一,用于进一步合成一种新的聚氨酯微孔弹性体。依据本发明所述合成方法制备的所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体在-40℃至120℃的温度范围内具有稳定的压缩模量,即使所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体被置于高温环境中也不会发生性能显著降低;因此,所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体特别适用于作为承受动态疲劳的高强度阻尼元件,如汽车等交通工具的缓冲减震元件和桥梁减震块等。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施方式。
实施例1己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备
实施例1.1
在氮气保护下,向反应容器中加入作为引发剂的1kg羟值为224mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯和作为单体的3kg己内酯,并添加反应物总质量的200ppm的钛酸四丁酯,150~170℃下加热反应,经开环聚合而生成羟值为56.5mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
实施例1.2
在氮气保护下,向反应容器中加入作为引发剂的1kg羟值为224mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-1,2-丙二醇酯和作为单体的3kg己内酯,并添加反应物总质量的200ppm的钛酸四丁酯,150~170℃下加热反应,经开环聚合而生成羟值为55.4mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
实施例1.3
在氮气保护下,向反应容器中加入作为引发剂的0.5kg羟值为224mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-1,2-丙二醇酯、0.5kg羟值为224mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯和作为单体的3kg己内酯,并添加反应物总质量的200ppm的钛酸四丁酯,150~170℃下加热反应,经开环聚合而生成羟值为57.1mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
实施例1.4
在氮气保护下,向反应容器中加入作为引发剂的3kg羟值为112mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯和作为单体的3kg己内酯,并添加反应物总质量的200ppm的钛酸四丁酯,150~170℃下加热反应,经开环聚合而生成羟值为54.7mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
实施例1.5
在氮气保护下,向反应容器中加入作为引发剂的0.66kg羟值为224mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯和作为单体的3kg己内酯,并添加反应物总质量的200ppm的钛酸四丁酯,150~170℃下加热反应,经开环聚合而生成羟值为40mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
实施例2聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成
首先,从实施例1.1~1.5中随机选取一种己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物,将该己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物和1,5-萘-二异氰酸酯(NDI)在120~140℃条件下反应,以生成预聚物,该预聚物的末端异氰酸酯基的重量百分含量为6.25%;
然后,将该预聚物与扩链剂搅拌混合均匀,并加入催化剂,以进行发泡反应,实施后熟化处理,最终制得所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体,具体包括以下步骤:采用低压发泡机,按异氰酸酯指数为100%的比例,混合该预聚体和扩链剂各组分,将反应料液注入90℃的模具中,制造微孔弹性体制品和试片(150×150×30mm),30min后脱模,再放入110℃烘箱中后熟化15小时。
在此实施例中,催化剂的投料量为0.4重量份,且所述催化剂为三乙烯二胺、二甲基乙醇胺和双(二甲氨基乙基)醚的混合物(各组分质量比1:5:0.3)。
在此实施例中,所述扩链剂的组分为:
水 1.1重量份
己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物 15重量份
硅氧烷泡沫稳定剂 0.8重量份。
将按照本实施例制备的试片和制品在室温下放置一周,然后测其机械性能、动态热机械性能和高温下拉伸强度性能,试验结果具体参见试验例。
对比例I
使用数均分子量Mn为2000且羟值为56mgKOH/g的聚己内酯二醇替代实施例2中的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物,其它试剂与反应条件与实施例2相同;并且,依据实施例2中的操作步骤合成聚氨酯微孔弹性体对比试样I。
对比例II
使用数均分子量Mn为2000且羟值为56mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯替代实施例2中的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物,其它试剂与反应条件与实施例2相同;并且,依据实施例2中的操作步骤合成聚氨酯微孔弹性体对比试样II。
对比例III
使用数均分子量Mn为2000且羟值为56mgKOH/g的聚己内酯二醇和数均分子量Mn为2000且羟值为56mgKOH/g的聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯(二者的质量比1:1)替代实施例2中的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物,其它试剂与反应条件与实施例2相同;并且,依据实施例2中的操作步骤合成聚氨酯微孔弹性体对比试样III。
试验例
通过发泡成型得到片材形状的评价用样品,并对其拉伸强度、断裂延伸率、撕裂强度和高温下拉伸强度以及动态热机械性能进行检测;试验结果如下表1所示:
表1关键指标检测结果
其中,拉伸强度、断裂延伸率:依据DIN 53504;高温下拉伸强度、断裂延伸率:依据DIN 53504和DIN EN ISO 2240;撕裂强度:依据ISO 34;动态热机械分析(DMA):依据ISO6721-7。
并且,从表1可以看出,由本发明所述的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物合成的新的聚氨酯微孔弹性体,在高温下表现出比由聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯制得的聚氨酯微孔弹性体优异得多的拉伸性能,且该新的聚氨酯微孔弹性体的拉伸性能与由聚己内酯二醇制得的聚氨酯微孔弹性体的拉伸性能相接近。
从DMA的结果来看,本发明提供的新的聚氨酯微孔弹性体的tanδ和储能模量在-40℃~120℃的温度范围内,都保持了非常好的弹性(柔顺性),尤其是,在-40℃下,则比由聚己内酯二醇制得的聚氨酯微孔弹性体柔顺得多,而在120℃下则比由聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯合成的聚氨酯微孔弹性具有更高的承载力。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述,但其只是作为范例,本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言,任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改,都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
在惰性气体保护下,向反应容器中分别加入羟值为112-224mgKOH/g的己二酸型聚酯二元醇,己内酯,钛酸四丁酯;加热反应,生成羟值为羟值为40-112mgKOH/g的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热反应的温度为150-170℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述己二酸型聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸-2-甲基丙二醇酯和/或聚己二酸-1,2-丙二醇酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述己二酸型聚酯二元醇与所述己内酯的质量比为1:3~3:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛酸四丁酯的质量为反应物总质量的200ppm。
6.一种聚氨酯微孔弹性体的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
首先,根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的制备方法制得的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物和多异氰酸酯反应生成预聚物,所述预聚物的末端异氰酸酯基的重量百分含量为3-9%;
然后,将所述预聚物与扩链剂搅拌混合均匀,并加入催化剂,以进行发泡反应;
最后,实施后熟化处理,制得所述聚氨酯微孔弹性体;
其中,所述催化剂为三乙烯二胺、二甲基乙醇胺和双(二甲氨基乙基)醚的混合物;
其中,所述扩链剂由水、根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的制备方法制得的己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物和硅氧烷泡沫稳定剂组成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯选自以下任一种或多种的组合:二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1,5-萘-二异氰酸酯,3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-联苯二异氰酸酯,以及对苯二异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求6所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述扩链剂的组分为:
水 0.5~1.0重量份
己内酯-聚酯二元醇聚合物 5~15重量份
硅氧烷泡沫稳定剂 0.5~1.5重量份。
9.根据权利要求6所述的合成方法,其特征在于,在所述催化剂中,三乙烯二胺、二甲基乙醇胺和双(二甲氨基乙基)醚的质量比为1:5:0.3。
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