CN109386599A - 变速器接合控制系统 - Google Patents
变速器接合控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109386599A CN109386599A CN201810913155.2A CN201810913155A CN109386599A CN 109386599 A CN109386599 A CN 109386599A CN 201810913155 A CN201810913155 A CN 201810913155A CN 109386599 A CN109386599 A CN 109386599A
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- pressure
- gear
- circuit
- speed changer
- loine pressure
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Classifications
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60W30/18054—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations at stand still, e.g. engine in idling state
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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Abstract
本发明公开一种变速器接合控制系统。变速器驻车机构是液压致动的。具体地,控制器通过在升高的管路压力下控制特定换挡元件的接合而释放所述驻车棘爪。从驻车挡状态到前进挡或倒车挡状态的转换的过程可包括多个顺序的步骤。为了降低在驾驶员选择的前进挡或倒车挡和完成所述接合之间的延迟,在换挡杆移动之前响应于制动踏板的踩下而升高所述管路压力是有益的。为了限制增加的管路压力对燃料经济性的负面影响,如果在踩下制动踏板后驾驶员没有马上移动换挡杆,则管路压力再次降低。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于机动车辆自动变速器的控制系统的领域。具体地,本公开涉及改进从驻车状态接合到前进挡或倒车挡的控制策略。
背景技术
很多车辆在宽范围的车辆速度(包括前进运动和倒车运动两者)下使用。然而,某些类型的发动机只能在窄的速度范围内有效运行。因此,常采用能够在多个传动比下有效传递动力的变速器。当车辆速度低时,变速器通常以高传动比运行,使得发动机扭矩倍增以改善加速。在车辆速度高时,以低传动比运行变速器使发动机速度与安静、节省燃料的巡航相关联。通常,变速器具有安装到车辆结构的外壳、由发动机曲轴驱动的输入轴以及通常经由差速器总成驱动车轮的输出轴,差速器总成允许左车轮和右车轮在车辆转弯时以稍微不同的速度旋转。
离散传动比变速器能够经由每个关联不同传动比的多个动力流路径传输动力。通过接合诸如离合器或制动器的特定的换挡元件建立特定的动力流路径。从一个齿轮比到另一个齿轮比的转换包括接合的换挡元件的改变。在很多变速器中,每个换挡元件的转矩容量通过将流体以受控的压力引导到换挡元件来控制。控制器通过将电信号发送到阀体来调节压力。
当车辆驻车时,变速器可接合保持变速器轴静止以防止车辆溜车的驻车棘爪。驻车系统设计为在延长的无人值守期间保持接合而不消耗任何能量。通常地,驻车棘爪响应于驾驶员选择驻车挡而接合并且响应于驾驶员选择诸如倒车挡、空挡、前进挡或低速挡的任意其它范围而分离。然而,存在变速器可能超越驾驶员选择的一些情况。
发明内容
一种变速器包括驻车棘爪、液压控制系统、泵以及控制器。所述驻车棘爪能够接合以保持输出轴静止。所述液压控制系统包括管路压力回路。所述液压系统还可包括多个离合器应用回路。为建立传动比,控制器允许流体从所述管路压力回路流向所述离合器应用回路中的第一子集。为释放所述驻车棘爪,所述控制器将所述离合器应用回路中的第二子集增压。所述泵将增压的流体供应到所述管路压力回路。所述控制器被配置为:响应于在所述驻车棘爪接合时踩下制动踏板而增加所述管路压力回路中的压力,以降低接合传动比所需的时间。如果在换挡杆保持在驻车挡位置的同时踩下所述制动踏板持续大于阈值时间或者响应于制动踏板的释放,则所述控制器可降低所述管路压力回路中的压力。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于所述制动踏板的释放而降低所述管路压力回路中的压力。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于检测到离合器故障而禁止增加管路压力。
一种车辆包括驻车机构、变速器泵以及控制器。所述驻车机构选择性地保持所述车辆静止。所述变速器泵将增压的流体供应到管路压力回路并选择性地供应到多个离合器应用回路。为接合传动比,所述控制器通过将对应的离合器应用回路流体地连接到所述管路压力回路来接合所述换挡元件中的第一子集。为释放所述驻车机构,所述控制器通过将对应的离合器应用回路流体地连接到所述管路压力回路而接合所述换挡元件中的第二子集。所述控制器被配置为:响应于在所述驻车机构接合的同时制动踏板的踩下而增加所述管路压力回路中的压力,以减少接合变速器传动比所需的时间。如果所述制动踏板被踩下持续大于阈值时间或如果所述制动踏板被释放,则控制器可降低所述管路压力回路中的压力。
根据本公开的一个实施例,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于检测到离合器故障而禁止增加管路压力。
一种控制变速器的方法包括:在所述变速器处于驻车挡并且制动踏板释放的情况下,将管路压力回路中的压力控制到第一水平;然后,响应于所述制动踏板的踩下,将所述压力增加到第二水平。如果在变速器处于驻车挡的情况下制动踏板保持被踩下持续大于阈值时间,所述压力可减小到所述第一水平。响应于换挡杆从驻车挡位置移动,第一换挡元件接合以释放驻车棘爪。然后,可包括第一换挡元件的至少一个换挡元件可释放。然后,第二换挡元件可接合以建立从变速器输入轴到变速器输出轴的动力流路径。
附图说明
图1是变速器系统的示意图。
图2是适用于图1的变速器系统的齿轮箱的变速器齿轮传动装置的示意图。
图3是图1的变速器的液压控制系统的驻车子系统的示意图。
图4是用于操作图1的变速器的流程图。
具体实施方式
在此描述了本公开的实施例。然而,应该理解的是,所公开的实施例仅仅是示例,并且其它实施例可采用各种替代形式。附图无需按比例绘制;可夸大或缩小一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此,在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为具有限制性,而仅仅是作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种方式利用本发明的代表性基础。本领域普通技术人员将理解的是,参照任一附图示出并描述的各种特征可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征相结合,以产生未被明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而,针对特定应用或实施方式,可期望与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型。
图1示意性地示出了车辆变速器。粗实线表示机械动力流动连接。细实线表示液压流体的流动。虚线表示信息信号的流动。在输入轴10处供应通常来自于内燃机曲轴的动力。液力耦合器12包括可驱动地连接到输入轴10的泵轮和可驱动地连接到涡轮轴14的涡轮。每当泵轮转得比涡轮快时,动力通过运动的流体从泵轮向涡轮传递。液力耦合器12可以是还包括导轮的变矩器,导轮在泵轮实质上转得比涡轮快时重新引导流体,使得涡轮转矩是泵轮转矩的数倍。齿轮箱16包括被构造为在涡轮轴14和输出18之间建立各种动力流路径的齿轮传动元件和换挡元件。输出18优选地经由在车辆转弯时允许轻微速度差的差速器可驱动地连接到车辆驱动轮。每个动力流路径可通过接合换挡元件的相关子集来建立。在低车速时,可建立在涡轮轴和输出轴之间提供转矩倍增和速度降低的动力流路径以优化车辆性能。在高车速时,可建立提供速度倍增的动力流路径以最小化燃油消耗。
在齿轮箱16内的换挡元件通过以升高的压力将液压流体供应到离合器应用室而接合。每个换挡元件可包括离合器组,所述离合器组使花键连接到一个组件的摩擦盘与花键连接到不同组件的分离盘交错。流体迫使活塞挤压离合器组使得摩擦盘和分离盘之间的摩擦力将组件结合。每个换挡元件的转矩容量与流体压力的改变成比例变化。泵20由输入轴10驱动,从油底壳22汲取流体并以升高的压力(称为管路压力)将其传递到阀体24。在一些变速器液压控制系统中,可存在将增压的流体从泵运输到其它回路的多个液压回路。例如,一些变速器可具有在发动机不运转为驱动主泵时也将流体从电动泵或蓄液器输送到其它回路的子集的单独的液压回路。在本文中,将流体从主压力源以调整的输入压力进行输送的任意回路称为管路压力回路。阀体24将流体以根据来自动力传动系统控制器26的信号控制的压力传递到离合器应用室。动力传动系统控制器26利用包括来自加速踏板28、制动踏板30以及换挡杆32的信号的多个输入信号。换挡杆32允许驾驶员在至少驻车挡、倒车挡、空挡和前进挡操作模式中进行选择。除了提供到离合器应用室的流体,阀体还提供用于润滑的流体并将流体提供到变矩器12。流体最终以环境压力从齿轮箱18排回到油底壳22。
图2中示意性地示出了示例性变速器。该变速器利用两个简单行星齿轮组40和50以及一个阶梯式小齿轮组60。简单行星齿轮组40包括支撑多个行星齿轮44的齿轮架42。行星齿轮44与环形齿轮46和太阳齿轮48啮合。简单行星齿轮组50包括支撑多个行星齿轮54的齿轮架52。行星齿轮54与环形齿轮56和太阳齿轮58啮合。阶梯式小齿轮组60包括支撑多个阶梯式行星齿轮64的齿轮架62。每个阶梯式行星齿轮64的一组轮齿与环形齿轮66和太阳齿轮68啮合。每个阶梯式行星齿轮64的另一组组轮齿与太阳齿轮70啮合。
太阳齿轮58固定地结合到涡轮轴14。齿轮架42和环形齿轮66固定地结合到输出轴18。齿轮架52固定地结合到环形齿轮46。齿轮架62和环形齿轮56彼此固定地结合并通过离合器72选择性地结合到涡轮轴14。太阳齿轮68通过离合器74选择性地结合到涡轮轴14并通过制动器76选择性地保持不旋转。太阳齿轮70通过制动器78选择性地保持不旋转。太阳齿轮48通过制动器80选择性地保持不旋转。单向离合器82被动地保持齿轮架62在一个方向上不旋转。当制动器86接合时,单向离合器84保持齿轮架62在另一个方向上不旋转。单向离合器82和单向离合器84以及制动器86可实施为在一个方向始终阻止旋转并且在另一个方向上当激活时阻止旋转的可选的单向离合器。
表1列出了每个行星齿轮组的建议的节圆直径比。
表1
环形齿轮46/太阳齿轮48 | 2.24 |
环形齿轮56/太阳齿轮58 | 2.24 |
环形齿轮66/太阳齿轮68 | 2.96 |
环形齿轮66/太阳齿轮70 | 1.61 |
如表2所示,以两个相组合的方式接合离合器和制动器在涡轮轴14和输出18之间建立八个前进传动比和一个倒车传动比。X指示需要该离合器建立该传动比。当齿轮组具有如表1所示的节圆直径比时,传动比具有表2中指示的值。
表2
72 | 74 | 76 | 78 | 80 | 82/84/86 | 比率 | Step | |
倒车挡 | X | X | -2.96 | |||||
第1挡 | X | X | 4.69 | |||||
第2挡 | X | X | 3.30 | 1.42 | ||||
第3挡 | X | X | 3.01 | 1.10 | ||||
第4挡 | X | X | 1.92 | 1.57 | ||||
第5挡 | X | X | 1.45 | 1.33 | ||||
第6挡 | X | X | 1.00 | 1.45 | ||||
第7挡 | X | X | 0.75 | 1.34 | ||||
第8挡 | X | X | 0.62 | 1.21 |
驻车机构88选择性地将输出18结合到变速器外壳以在车辆驻车时防止车辆运动。驻车机构88被设计为一旦接合便保持接合而不需要任何外部动力。
图3示意性地示出了液压控制系统的驻车控制子系统。驻车阀100的阀芯机械连接到驻车机构88,使得在一个方向上的运动将驻车机构接合,以及在另一个方向上的运动将该驻车机构分离。驻车机构内部的弹簧使系统朝向接合偏移。液压控制系统包括向液压控制系统内其它液压回路供应增压的流体的管路压力回路102。在管路压力回路102中的流体压力使用调节阀进行控制,并且在一些情况中通过控制泵的排量来控制。管路压力使驻车阀朝向驻车位置偏移。液压控制系统还包括被引导到每个液压控制换挡元件的应用室的一组离合器应用回路。离合器应用回路中的流体压力被控制为在零到管路压力回路102中的压力之间的水平。这些离合器应用回路包括分别接合换挡元件76和换挡元件78的回路104和回路106。驻车阀100在驻车挡分离时将退出驻车回路108流体地连接到管路压力回路102并且在驻车挡接合时将退出驻车回路108排放。液压回路110和液压回路112将驻车阀朝向分离位置偏移。逆止阀114将回路110流体地连接到离合器76应用回路104或退出驻车回路108中的具有较高压力的一者。类似地,逆止阀116将回路112流体地连接到离合器78应用回路106或退出驻车回路108中的具有较高压力的一者。
在驻车机构接合时,驻车机构自身和管路压力倾向于将驻车阀100保持在接合位置。为分离驻车机构,通过控制压力等于应用回路104和106的管路压力而接合制动器76和制动器78。逆止阀144和逆止阀116将这些离合器应用回路分别流体地连接到回路110和回路112。回路110和回路112中的压力迫使驻车阀进入分离位置。一旦处于分离位置,驻车阀100将退出驻车回路108流体地连接到管路压力回路102。作为结果,即使制动器76和制动器78释放,驻车阀也倾向于保持在分离位置。为重接合驻车机构,管路压力回路102中的压力降低到驻车机构弹簧迫使驻车阀处于接合位置的水平。
使用换挡元件分离驻车机构增加了从驻车挡转换到前进挡或倒车挡二者之一的过程的步骤。如果这个转换需要的时间过长,则驾驶员将不满意。因此,最小化在换挡杆运动和驻车机构分离之间的时间是有益的。
图1至图3的控制变速器的方法以图4的流程图示出。该方法响应于换挡杆处于驻车挡时启动发动机而开始,在步骤120处,为准备从驻车挡分离,控制器可命令制动器78和制动器86的接合。由于当释放驻车机构的时候制动器76和制动器78二者必须接合,所以将制动器中的一个提前接合减少了驾驶员将换挡杆移出驻车挡位置所需的时间。如果换挡杆移动到倒车挡,则制动器86将需要接合,并且如果换挡杆移动到前进挡或空挡,则制动器86可以接合,所以提前接合潜在地减少了换挡杆移动后必须完成的步骤数。如果利用选择的单向离合器,则确保齿轮架62在可选择的单向离合器接合时静止是重要的。制动器78和驻车机构的接合确保齿轮架62静止。仅接合制动器78和制动器86不限制涡轮轴14的速度。允许涡轮轴14以与发动机相同的速度旋转降低发动机转矩和燃料消耗。在步骤122处,控制器26命令相对低的管路压力(P_low)以最小化驱动泵所需的转矩。在怠速时驱动泵所需的转矩可显著影响燃料经济性。控制器在等待驾驶员换出驻车挡位时进入状态124。
联锁机构防止驾驶员换出驻车挡直到踩下制动踏板。通常,驾驶员不踩下制动踏板直到他们意图从驻车挡换挡。因此,在驻车挡时踩下制动踏板是驾驶员将立即从驻车挡换挡的强指示,但不是保证。释放驻车机构将需要既接合离合器76又增加管路压力。在即将从驻车挡换挡的预期下,在步骤126处,控制器26响应于制动踏板的踩下而增加管路压力(P_high)。在这种情况下因为还没命令制动器76接合,所以增加管路压力不引起驻车机构的释放。尽管燃料消耗由于管路压力增加而升高,但仅短时间内增加。在步骤128处,启动持续约10秒的倒数定时器。如果定时器在驾驶员将换挡杆移出驻车挡之前到期,则管路压力回到与驻车挡怠速相关联的低水平。如果由于检测到离合器故障控制器以故障减轻模式运行,则在步骤125处控制器可回到状态124而不增加管路压力。在离合器故障出现时,特别是如果在接合状态下发生故障,则增加管路压力可能将变速器置于不安全的状况。如果制动踏板被释放,则在步骤128处,控制器设定倒数定时器持续约1秒至2秒。以这种方式,如果制动踏板被踩下然后迅速释放,则目标管路压力短时间内增加。在替代实施例中,响应于制动器释放事件控制可改为直接进行到步骤122。
响应于换挡杆退出驻车挡的运动,在步骤130处,控制器26命令制动器76接合。如果管路压力回到低水平,则在步骤132处再次增加。在离合器应用回路连接到管路压力回路之后,流体流进离合器应用室。离合器应用回路中的压力可不增加到命令的管路压力水平直到离合器活塞具有行程。事实上,管路压力回路中的压力可在填充离合器应用室时短暂下降。在初始管路压力较高时,在命令接合和离合器应用压力增加之间的延迟更小。一旦回路104和回路106中的压力达到足够的水平时,驻车机构将释放。在步骤134处,控制器等待驻车机构释放。一旦检测到驻车机构释放,在步骤136处,制动器76和制动器78分离。同样在步骤136处,目标管路压力变化为用于前进挡或倒车挡传动比的控制接合的合适值(P_shift),该值可低于分离驻车机构所需的值。如果换挡杆从驻车挡移动到前进挡,如在步骤138确定的,则在步骤140制动器80随后接合以建立第一挡动力流路径并且控制器移动到前进挡状态142。如果换挡杆从驻车挡移动到倒车挡,如在步骤144确定的,则在步骤146,离合器74接合以建立倒车挡动力流路径并且控制器移动到倒车挡状态148。建立这些动力流路径之一包括将涡轮轴14减速到几乎静止。改变涡轮速度过快对车辆乘员产生不愉快的感受,所以将这些换挡元件以控制的方式接合是重要的。如果换挡杆从驻车挡移动到空挡,则控制器移动到空挡状态150。
替代性实施例可不同于前面描述的实施例。具体地,虽然前面描述的实施例释放驻车机构是响应于两个换挡元件以升高的压力接合的,但其它实施例可响应于仅一个换挡元件的接合或响应于多于两个换挡元件的接合而释放驻车机构。虽然前面描述的实施例通过接合两个换挡元件建立第一挡动力流路径和倒车挡动力流路径,但其它实施例可需要少于两个或多于两个的换挡元件以建立这些动力流路径。在描述的实施例中,建立第一挡动力流路径需要的换挡元件的子集不与用于分离驻车机构的换挡元件的子集交叉。类似地,建立倒车挡动力流路径需要的换挡元件的子集不与用于分离驻车机构的换挡元件的子集交叉。在其它实施例中,可存在这些子集的交叉。
虽然以上描述了示例性实施例,但这些实施例并不意在描述权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。说明书中所使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语,并且应理解的是,可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述,可将各种实施例的特征进行组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管针对一个或更多个期望特性,各种实施例已经被描述为提供在其它实施例或现有技术实施方式之上的优点或优于其它实施例或者现有技术实施方式,但是本领域的普通技术人员应认识到,根据特定应用和实施方式,一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷以实现期望的整体系统属性。如此,被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例并非在本公开的范围之外,并可被期望用于特定应用。
Claims (15)
1.一种变速器,包括:
驻车棘爪,能够接合以保持输出轴静止;
液压控制系统,具有管路压力回路;
泵,被构造为:将增压的流体供应到所述管路压力回路;以及
控制器,被配置为:响应于在所述驻车棘爪接合时制动踏板的踩下而增加所述管路压力回路中的压力,以降低接合传动比所需的时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中,所述液压控制系统还包括多个离合器应用回路,并且其中,接合所述传动比包括允许流体从所述管路压力回路流向所述离合器应用回路中的第一子集。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器,其中,所述液压控制系统被配置为响应于所述离合器应用回路中的第二子集的流体压力而释放所述驻车棘爪。
4.根据权利要求1所述的变速器,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:如果在换挡杆保持在驻车挡位置的同时所述制动踏板被踩下持续大于阈值时间,则降低所述管路压力回路中的压力。
5.一种车辆,包括:
驻车机构,被构造为选择性地保持所述车辆静止;
变速器泵,被构造为将增压的流体供应到管路压力回路;以及
控制器,被配置为:响应于在所述驻车机构接合的同时制动踏板的踩下,增加所述管路压力回路中的压力,以减少接合变速器传动比所需的时间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆,还包括多个换挡元件,并且其中,接合所述变速器传动比包括接合所述多个换挡元件中的第一子集。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆,其中,接合所述变速器传动比还包括接合所述多个换挡元件中的第二子集以释放所述驻车机构。
8.根据权利要求5所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:如果在换挡杆保持在驻车位置的同时所述制动踏板被踩下持续大于阈值时间,则降低所述管路压力回路中的压力。
9.根据权利要求5所述的车辆,其中,所述控制器还被配置为:响应于所述制动踏板的释放而降低所述管路压力回路中的压力。
10.一种控制变速器的方法,包括:
在所述变速器处于驻车挡并且制动踏板释放的情况下,将管路压力回路中的压力控制到第一压力水平;以及
响应于在变速器处于驻车挡的情况下所述制动踏板的踩下,将所述管路压力回路中的压力增加到第二压力水平。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,还包括:
响应于在变速器处于驻车挡的情况下制动踏板被踩下持续阈值时间,将所述管路压力回路中的压力降低到所述第一压力水平。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,还包括:
响应于换挡杆从驻车挡位置移动,接合第一换挡元件以释放所述变速器中的驻车棘爪。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括:
在释放所述驻车棘爪之后,接合第二换挡元件,以在变速器输入轴和变速器输出轴之间建立动力流路径。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,还包括:
在释放所述驻车棘爪之后并且在接合所述第二换挡元件之前,降低管路压力并释放至少一个换挡元件。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个换挡元件包括第一换挡元件。
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