CN109386461B - 燃油叶片泵 - Google Patents

燃油叶片泵 Download PDF

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CN109386461B
CN109386461B CN201710660237.6A CN201710660237A CN109386461B CN 109386461 B CN109386461 B CN 109386461B CN 201710660237 A CN201710660237 A CN 201710660237A CN 109386461 B CN109386461 B CN 109386461B
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stator
fuel
vane pump
rotor
vanes
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CN109386461A (zh
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刘声亮
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C2/3441—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F04C2/3442—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the working space, being surfaces of revolution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C2/3441—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F01C21/0818—Vane tracking; control therefor
    • F01C21/0827—Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means
    • F01C21/0845—Vane tracking; control therefor by mechanical means comprising elastic means, e.g. springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/045—Arrangements for driving rotary positive-displacement pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/12—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps having other positive-displacement pumping elements, e.g. rotary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344—Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member

Abstract

本申请公开了一种燃油叶片泵(200)，包括：壳体(101)；在所述壳体(101)内固定设置的定子(102)；以及在所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)所限定的中空空间内能够旋转地偏心安装的转子(103)，在所述壳体(101)中设置有燃油入口区(101a)和燃油出口区(101b)与所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)所限定的中空空间相通，在所述转子(103)中设有能够径向滑动的叶片(104)，其特征在于，所述定子(102)被配置成随着所述转子(103)的旋转，在所述叶片(104)离开所述燃油入口区(101a)的下游端点(A)之后，所述叶片(104)的径向外端部主要以其端部前区域(104a)接触所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)。

Description

燃油叶片泵
技术领域
本申请涉及燃油叶片泵、特别是用于对燃油进行预加压的燃油叶片泵。
背景技术
在柴油发动机的高压共轨系统中，叶片泵作为一种低压泵用于将燃油预加压，燃油再经由作为高压泵的柱塞泵进一步加压供应到高压共轨中存储，以便后续依据需要喷射。
叶片泵通常包括壳体，在所述壳体内安装有固定的定子以及能够旋转的转子。在转子上安装有多个沿着径向能够移动的叶片。转子位于由定子的内周面所围的中空空间内，转子的旋转中心与定子的中空空间所限定的中心并不重合。转子与柴油发动机的输出转轴操作性相连。随着转子的旋转，叶片径向外伸以与定子的内周面相接触。这样，在各叶片与转子的外周面和定子的内周面之间限定了多个密封区。
在壳体中还设有燃油入口和燃油出口分别与转子的外周面和定子的内周面之间的空间连通。这样，随着转子的旋转，上述密封区分别连通燃油入口和燃油出口，并且在从燃油入口到燃油出口的过程中，密封区的容积相应减小。因此，在经过燃油入口时，燃油被吸入到密封区内。在经过燃油出口之前，因为密封区的容积减小，燃油被加压。然后，在经过燃油出口时，燃油经由出口被加压排出。
在圆周方向观察，从叶片离开燃油入口的那一时刻起，密封区通常可以分成加压密封区、排出密封区以及吸入密封区。
以叶片泵的定子和转子仅水平方向偏心为例，因为叶片的端部为平坦形状而定子的内周面为圆面形状，所以仅仅在水平线上叶片的端部前后区域会同时与定子的内周面相接触。在经过水平线之后朝向燃油出口的某一位置(例如，即将进入加压密封区的位置)，叶片的端部前区域与定子内周面的接触力将逐渐变小。因为加压密封区内的燃油压力远大于吸入密封区内的燃油压力，所以叶片的靠近加压密封区的端部前区域所经受的油压压力也远大于叶片的靠近吸入密封区的端部后区域所经受的油压压力。这样，会出现叶片的端部前区域的油压压力大于接触力而导致从内周面离开的情况。进一步因为加压密封区内的燃油压力较高，甚至会导致叶片径向后撤造成密封区密封不足而无法压油。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本申请旨在提出一种改进的叶片泵，消除因叶片后撤而造成无法压油的可能性。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种燃油叶片泵，包括：
壳体；
在所述壳体内固定设置的定子；以及
在所述定子的内周面所限定的中空空间内能够旋转地偏心安装的转子，在所述壳体中设置有燃油入口区和燃油出口区与所述定子的内周面所限定的中空空间相通，在所述转子中设有能够径向滑动的叶片，
其特征在于，所述定子被配置成随着所述转子的旋转，在所述叶片离开所述燃油入口区的下游端点之后，所述叶片的径向外端部主要以其端部前区域接触所述定子的内周面。
采用本申请的上述技术手段，叶片泵的相邻叶片之间的密封区在经过燃油入口区之后的密封性得到显著提高，确保了燃油加压的顺利实现，同时在同样工况情况下提高了燃油排出量以及排出压力。
附图说明
从后述的详细说明并结合下面的附图将能更全面地理解本申请的前述及其它方面。需要指出的是，各附图的比例出于清楚说明的目的有可能不一样，但这并不会影响对本申请的理解。在附图中：
图1示意性示出了根据现有技术的一种叶片泵的剖视图；
图2示意性示出了根据本申请一个实施例的叶片泵的剖视图；
图3示意性示出了与图1的叶片泵对应的简化图；并且
图4示意性示出了与图2的叶片泵对应的简化图。
具体实施方式
在本申请的各附图中，结构相同或功能相似的特征由相同的附图标记表示。
图1示意性示出了根据现有技术的一种叶片泵100。该叶片泵100包括壳体101、在所述壳体101内固定安装的定子102、以及在定子102的内周面所限定的空间内能够旋转地安装的转子103。在横截面中观察，定子102例如为圆环形，而转子103为圆形。在转子103中能够径向自由滑动地安装有六个叶片104。转子103例如可以与燃油发动机操作性相连，从而驱动转子103绕其中心轴线旋转。
在转子103的外周面与定子102的内周面之间限定有间隙，并且转子103与定子102水平偏心布置。径向接触定子102的内周面的叶片将所述间隙分割为六个密封区。
在壳体101中形成有燃油入口区101a以及燃油出口区101b，它们与转子103的内周面和定子102的外周面之间的间隙相通。因此，随着转子103的旋转，这六个密封区依次与燃油入口区101a和燃油出口区101b相通。又因为转子103与定子102之间的水平偏心布置，旋转的密封区体积分别发生变化。在图1中，随着密封区进入燃油入口区101a，燃油被吸入到密封区内。然后，随着转子103顺时针方向旋转，吸入燃油的密封区也顺时针方向旋转同时体积变小。因而，燃油被加压。随着密封区进入燃油出口区101b，加压后的燃油被排出。
以图1为例，叶片104即将离开燃油入口区101a的位置点规定为A，叶片104分别位于水平位置的点规定为B和C。在本申请的上下文中，位置点A也可以理解为沿着转子103的旋转方向燃油入口区101a的下游端点。叶片103中能够滑动地安装的叶片104的径向外端部为平坦的。沿着转子103的旋转方向，叶片104的径向外端部分成端部前区域104a和端部后区域104b。因为定子102的内周面为圆形，所以叶片104的端部前区域104a和端部后区域104b仅仅在位置点B或C才会同时与定子102的内周面接触。
在图1中，在从位置点B处开始到燃油出口区101b的移动过程中，受到几何形状影响，叶片104的径向外端部将会以端部前区域104a同定子102的内周面接触为主，而叶片104的端部后区域104b将会具有从定子102的内周面稍微离开的趋势。在此过程中，虽然叶片104的端部前区域104a所经受的燃油压力要远大于端部后区域104b所经受的燃油压力，但是因为叶片104的端部前区域104a始终接触定子102的内周面，所以这种燃油压力差不会对密封区的密封性造成影响。
但是，在位置点A到位置点B的移动过程中，同样受到几何形状影响，叶片104的径向外端部将会以端部后区域104b同定子102的内周面接触为主，而叶片104的端部前区域104a将会具有从定子102的内周面稍微离开的趋势。在该过程中，叶片104的端部前区域104a所经受的燃油压力要远大于端部后区域104b所经受的燃油压力。例如，在转子103的转速达到一定程度之后，这种燃油压力差会使得叶片104的端部前区域104a自定子102的内周面的间距进一步扩大，并且甚至会推动叶片104缩入转子103内，造成密封区密封性能不足以及后续燃油根本无法被加压的问题。
为了解决此类问题，图2示意性示出了根据本申请一个实施例的叶片泵200的剖视图。该叶片泵200包括壳体101、在所述壳体101内固定安装的定子102、以及在定子102的内周面所限定的空间内能够旋转地安装的转子103。该叶片泵的各组成部分的结构本身与叶片泵100相同，所以在此不做冗述。该叶片泵200与叶片泵100的区别在于定子102的布置方式不同。为了清楚，以下参照图3和4进行解释。
图3示意性示出了与图1的叶片泵对应的简化图；图4示意性示出了与图2的叶片泵对应的简化图。在图3和4中，圆形102a分别代表根据图1和2的定子102的内周面；圆形103a分别代表根据图1和2的转子103的外周面；O1代表圆形103a的中心、即转子103的纵向中心轴线，O2代表圆形102a的中心、即定子102的内周面所围的中空空间的纵向中心轴线；L1代表将圆形103a几何对称剖分的直线，即为将转子103几何对称剖分的纵向剖分面，L2代表将圆形102a几何对称剖分的直线，即为将定子102的内周面所限定的中空空间几何对称剖分的纵向剖分面。为了清楚，图3和4的相应元素以与图1和2不同的比例绘制。
在本申请的上下文中，纵向指的是垂直于定子102和转子103的横截面的方向，即图1至4中垂直于纸面的方向。
在图3中，因为转子103与定子102水平偏心布置，所以直线L1和L2重合。水平的直线L1和L2与圆形102a的交点分别为B和C(与如图1对应)，并且图1中的位置点A也在图3中标出。
根据如图4所示的本申请的实施例，将定子102绕转子103的中心O1逆时针方向旋转一非零角度а地布置、即沿着朝向图1和2所示的燃油入口区101a的方向旋转该角度а地布置，使得直线L2经过燃油入口区101a的下游端点A。这样，根据图4所示重新布置的叶片泵，当叶片104经过位置点B之后，受到圆形几何形状的影响，叶片104的径向外端部的端部前区域104a将会肯定与定子102的内周面102a接触，而叶片104的径向外端部的端部后区域104b将会有离开定子102的内周面102a的趋势。同时，叶片104的径向外端部的端部前区域104a与定子102的内周面102a保持接触将会一直持续到其进入燃油出口区102b。在此过程中，虽然叶片104的端部前区域104a所经受的燃油压力要远大于端部后区域104b所经受的燃油压力，但是因为叶片104的端部前区域104a总是与定子102的内周面102a保持接触，因此这种压力差并不会导致叶片径向后撤。两个叶片之间的密封区的密封性得到维持，确保了叶片泵正常工作。根据本申请，能够在无需重新设计叶片泵的情况下，仅需要简单修改组装步骤就可以减小因叶片后撤而造成无法压油的可能性。
例如，在图4中，该角度а可以为三十度。但是本领域技术人员应当清楚该角度а的大小取决于燃油入口区101a、特别是其下游端点A相对于定子102的内周面的周向位置。
需要指出的是，在本申请的上下文中，叶片104的端部前区域104a指的是沿着转子103的旋转方向叶片104的径向外端部的位于前的区域，而叶片104的端部后区域104b指的是沿着转子103的旋转方向叶片104的径向外端部的位于后的区域。
本领域技术人员应当清楚，根据本申请改造的叶片泵并不限于叶片数量为六的情况，具有多个其它数量的叶片的叶片泵也同样可以类似改造，从而获得更佳的密封性能以及加压性能。
此外，虽然在图示的实施例中是将最初直线L1和L2水平重合的叶片泵进行改造，但是能够采用本申请的技术进行改造的叶片泵并不限于最初直线L1和L2水平重合的情况。例如，如果图3所示的叶片泵的直线L1和L2重合但相对于水平方向成一夹角的话，也可以采用同样的技术进行改造，仅需要在绕中心O1朝向叶片泵的燃油入口区旋转定子102使得定子的内周面所限定的中空空间几何对称剖分的纵向剖分面靠近叶片泵的燃油入口区的边界或与其相邻即可。
虽然在所示的实施例中定子102的内周面为圆形，但是定子102的内周面也可以为其它合适的形状，例如椭圆形，此时O2即为椭圆形的几何中心。
此外，虽然在所示的实施例中介绍重新布置定子102来使得同时经过由定子102的内周面102a所限定的中空空间的纵向中心轴线以及转子103的纵向中心轴线的平面经过燃油入口区101a的沿着转子103的旋转方向的下游端点或其附近，本领域技术人员也应当清楚也可以附加地和/或替代地通过重新设计壳体101中燃油入口区101a的位置来使得同一平面经过燃油入口区101a的沿着转子103的旋转方向的下游端点或其附近。
尽管这里详细描述了本申请的特定实施方式，但它们仅仅是为了解释的目的而给出的，而不应认为它们对本申请的范围构成限制。在不脱离本申请精神和范围的前提下，各种替换、变更和改造可被构想出来。

Claims (9)

1.一种燃油叶片泵(200)，包括：
壳体(101)；
在所述壳体(101)内固定设置的定子(102)；以及
在所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)所限定的中空空间内能够旋转地偏心安装的转子(103)，在所述壳体(101)中设置有燃油入口区(101a)和燃油出口区(101b)与所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)所限定的中空空间相通，在所述转子(103)中设有能够径向滑动的叶片(104)，
其特征在于，所述叶片(104)的径向外端部是平坦的，所述定子(102)被配置成随着所述转子(103)的旋转，在所述叶片(104)离开所述燃油入口区(101a)的下游端点(A)之后，所述叶片(104)的径向外端部主要以其端部前区域(104a)接触所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，由所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)所限定的中空空间的纵向中心轴线以及所述转子(103)的纵向中心轴线位于一平面(L2)内，并且该平面(L2)经过所述燃油入口区(101a)的下游端点(A)或者在所述燃油入口区(101a)的下游端点(A)附近。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)是圆形的或椭圆形的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述定子(102)的内周面(102a)是圆形的或椭圆形的。
5.根据权利要求1或3或4任一所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述叶片(104)为多个。
6.根据权利要求2所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述叶片(104)为多个。
7.根据权利要求1或3或4任一所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述叶片(104)为六个。
8.根据权利要求2所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述叶片(104)为六个。
9.根据权利要求2、4、6或8任一所述的燃油叶片泵，其特征在于，所述叶片(104)的径向外端部包括端部前区域(104a)和端部后区域(104b)，仅在所述叶片(104)移动经过该平面(L2)时，所述端部前区域(104a)和所述端部后区域(104b)同时接触所述定子(102)的内周面。
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