CN1093797A - 通过蒸馏空气生产至少一种加压气体产物和至少一种液体的方法和设备 - Google Patents

通过蒸馏空气生产至少一种加压气体产物和至少一种液体的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1093797A
CN1093797A CN94101920A CN94101920A CN1093797A CN 1093797 A CN1093797 A CN 1093797A CN 94101920 A CN94101920 A CN 94101920A CN 94101920 A CN94101920 A CN 94101920A CN 1093797 A CN1093797 A CN 1093797A
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N·里斯
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

在该方法中，利用带有氮致冷循环的单一蒸馏塔 (9)。来自塔底的液氧和/或液氮用泵(14，15)加压 到一高生产压力，并通过冷凝高压空气而汽化。同 时，生产液氧和/或液氮。该设备可以包括一个与该 单塔相连的不纯氩气生产塔(10)。

Description

本发明涉及一种利用包括一个单个的带有氮致冷循环的空气蒸馏塔的装置生产加压气体氧和/或氮及至少一种液体产物的方法。
本文所述压力为绝对压力。
本发明的目的是利用带氮致冷循环的单个蒸馏塔的有利性能（投资低、能耗适中、产物纯度与提取效率无关），以特别灵活和经济的方式生产以气相存在的压力氧和/或氮以及至少一种液体产物。
为此，本发明方法的特征在于：
-将待处理空气压缩到至少等于单塔压力的一个初压;
-将一份空气高压压缩到明显超过单塔压力的一个高压;
-通过使由塔底排出并用泵加压到汽化压力下的液氧和/或液氮汽化来冷凝该空气的一种馏份，回收所得压力的气体氧和/或气体氮作为产物;
-过冷已冷凝的空气，膨胀至约等于塔压，将至少一部分送入塔的中间部分;
-使没有用来汽化液体氧和/或氮的空气膨胀至塔压，产生外功;和
-回收由设备排出的至少一种液体产物。
其它特征是：
-由单塔塔底排出离开塔底汽化器的处于高压循环的液氮;
-用一份冷凝并已膨胀的空气冷却与单塔相连的一个不纯氩气生产塔的塔顶冷凝器，离开该冷凝器的气态空气进入单塔;
-所述产生外功的膨胀的包括尚未高压压缩的空气在第一透平中的膨胀和已高压压缩的空气馏份在第二透平中的膨胀;
-第二透平的入口温度低于第一透平的入口温度;
-一份处于高压循环的氮也膨胀到大约单塔压力，同时产生外功;
-单塔压力明显高于大气压力。
本发明的目的还包括一种适用于实施该方法的设备。该设备的特征包括：
-一个用来将待处理空气压缩到至少等于单塔压力的第一压缩机;
-用来高压压缩至少一分空气到明显超过单塔压力的高压的装置。
-至少一台水泵，用来从塔底抽出液体氧和/或液体氮，并将其送进一换热器，以使在冷凝高压压缩空气的同时汽化这些液体;
-回收所得压力下的气态氧和/或氮作为产物的装置（30，28）;
-使高压冷凝空气过冷并将其至少一部分送到塔中间部位的装置;和
-至少一台透平，用来使不用来汽化液氧和/或液氮的空气膨胀到约为塔压;和
-从设备抽出至少一种液体产物并将其作为产物回收的装置。
该设备的第一压缩机和氮循环压缩机尤其可由一台单机构成。
现在参考附图描述本发明的实施例，其中图1和图2分别表示本发明设备的第一和第二实施方案。
图1所示的设备适合用来生产加压氧气，加压氮气、液氧、液氮和氩气。它主要包括：配有环境空气的致冷剂2或水的一个第一空气压缩机1;通过吸收来提纯的装置3;组装的一台空压机4透平5，它的两个叶轮装在同一轴上。吹送气体也配有空气致冷剂6或水;换热管线7;单个空气蒸馏塔9;与蒸馏塔9相连以生产不纯氩气用的塔10;过冷器11;环境压力下的液氮源12和液氧源13;液氧泵14和液氮泵15;配有空气或水作致冷剂17以进行氮致冷循环的压缩机16。单塔9含有一个塔底蒸发器18，而塔10含有一个塔顶冷凝器19。该设备还包括减压阀20至24。
为了降低投资，空气压缩机1和氮循环压缩机16合并在一单一旋转机器中。
操作时，进入的空气在1被压缩到5至10巴之间，在2中冷却到室温，在3中除去水和二氧化碳，在4中将其全部压缩到6.5至13巴的高压。
在6中预冷到室温后，高压空气进入换热管线7的热端并冷却到一中间温度，此时从换热管线中取出其流量的60至80%，在5中减压膨胀到塔9的压力，即1.3至2巴，称为低压，然后再送入换热管线进行冷却，直至到达换热管的冷端，再在11中冷却，并由管25在中间部位送入塔9中。
未减压膨胀的高压空气馏份继续其冷却，并在换热管线的较冷段液化。然后在11中过冷。该空气的一部分在20中减压膨胀到塔9的压力，并送入塔的中间部位，而剩余的空气在21中减压并送至塔10的塔顶冷凝器19，在此汽化，然后以气相返回塔9。
设备的氮冷却循环实际上由塔9顶部的纯氮产物来提供，在11中进行部分再热，并在7中再热到室温。该低压氮的一部分可在管26作为产物回收，剩余的由压缩机16压缩到一作为循环高压的中等压力，然后在17中降至室温。一部分中压氮可由管27作为产物回收，余下的冷却，直至到达换热管线的冷端，即约冷却到其露点，然后在塔9的汽化器18中冷凝。
一部分冷凝的氮由泵15加压到7至40巴的产生高压力，该高压下的液氮在换热管线中通过冷凝高压空气而汽化，加热至室温，然后在由管28作为产物回收。剩余的冷凝氮在11中过冷，然后一部分在22中减压，并作为回流送到塔9顶部，剩下的在23中减压膨胀到常压，并送入液氮源12。为了限制液氮源12中的蒸闪，作为改进，可由塔顶取出的液氮作为液氮源提供。
构成设备残留气体的不纯氮气流在液氮进口和液态空气进口之间的位置由塔中排出，在11中再热，并在7中再热至室温，并由管29排空。
而且，液氧也由塔9底部采出，由泵14加压至所需2至40巴的生产压力，在换热管线的冷段通过冷凝高压空气而汽化，再热至室温，并在管30作为产物回收。
而且，液氧也由塔9底部采出，在11中过冷和在24中降压至大气压力后，送至液氧源13。
塔10的底部经供料管31和返回管32与塔9的中间位置相连通，该塔10由管33生产出不纯的氩气。
图2的设备仅在以下几点不同于图1。
一方面，该设置不包括辅助塔10，因而所有在换热管线中液化的液体在11中过冷，然后在20中减压后，送入单塔9。
另一方面，进气线路包括两个串联的空压机4和4A，空压机分别带有它们的空气或水冷却器6和6A，还包括两个分别与两个空压机相连的空气膨胀透平5和5A。
在这种改型中，将进气流的30至40%不经高压压缩就送入换热线路7的热端，冷却到一个第一中间温度T1，由换热管线排出，在透平5中减压膨胀到塔9的压力，再送入换热管线，并在其冷端冷却，经管31离开换热管线。
其余60至70%的入口空气在4中压缩，然后在4A中压缩到6.5至13巴的温度，此后送进换热管线的热端。将其冷却到一个低于T1的第二中间温度T2，60至70%的该流体在该温度下离开换热管线，并在透平5A中减压膨胀，基本上在塔9压力下由管离开透平。
管31、32并入管33。管33所载空气再在11中冷却，然后如上述那样由管25送入塔中。
未在5A中膨胀的高压空气在换热管线的冷却段继续冷却，通过蒸发高压液氧和液氮而像前述那样液化。
最后，来自氮循环的一种高压氮气流在一中间温度下离开换热管线，在带有制动器35的透平34中膨胀到约为塔9压力的循环的低压，并在换热管线的冷端再送入循环的低压氮管路中。
两台空气透平5和5A的存在改善了设备的性能，而氮气透平34可以提高其液体产量（液氧和/或液氮）。

Claims (13)

1、利用包括一个带有氮致冷循环的单一空气蒸馏塔(9)的设备生产加压氧气和/或氮气及至少一种液体产物的方法，其特征在于：
-将待处理空气(在1中)压缩到至少等于单塔压力的一个第一压力；
-将至少一部分空气(在4；4，4A中)进一步压缩到一个明显超过单塔压力的高压；
-通过使由塔底排出并用泵(14，15)加压到汽化压力下的液氧和/或液氮汽化来冷凝该空气的一部分(在7中)，并在所得压力下(在30，28中)回收气态氧和/或气态氮作为产物；
-(在11中)过冷已冷凝的空气，在(20，21中)膨胀到塔压，并将至少-部分送入塔的中间部位；
-使没有用来汽化液氧和/或液氮的空气膨胀到塔压，并产生外功(5，5A)；和
-回收由设备排出的至少一种液体产物作为产物。
2、按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，循环高压下的液氮来自单塔（9）塔底离开塔底汽化器（18）的液氮。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，用冷凝和（在21）膨胀的一部分空气冷却与单塔（9）相连的不纯氩气生产塔（10）的塔顶冷凝器（19），并将冷凝器的气态空气送入单塔（9）。
4、按照权利要求1至3中任意一项的方法，其特征是，所述产生外功的膨胀包括未进一步压缩的空气在第一透平（5）的膨胀和部分高压空气在第二透平（5A）的膨胀。
5、按照权利要求4的方法，其特征是，第二透平（5A）的入口温度低于第一透平（5）的入口温度。
6、按照权利要求1至5中任意一项的方法，其特征是，循环高压的一部分氮也膨胀到大约单塔（9）的压力，产生外功（在34中）。
7、按照权利要求1至6中任意一顶的方法，其特征是，单塔（9）压力明显超过大气压力。
8、利用带有氮致冷的单一空气蒸馏塔（9）生产加压氧气和/或氮气以及至少一种液体产物的设备，其特征在于它包括：
-一个用来压缩待处理空气到至少等于单塔压力的第一压力的第一压缩机（1）;
-用来进一步压缩至少一部分空气到明显高于单塔压力的高压的装置（4;4，4A）;
-至少一台水泵（14，15），用来从塔底抽出液氧和/或液氮，并将其送入一个换热器（7），以使在冷凝高压空气的同时汽化这些液体;
-回收所得压力下的氧气和/或氮气作为产物的装置（30，28）;
-使冷凝的高压空气过冷并将其至少一部分送到塔中间部位的装置（11）;
-至少一台透平（5;5，5A），用来使不用来汽化液氧和/或液氮的空气膨胀到大约塔压;和
-从设备抽出至少一种液体产物并将其作为产物回收的装置。
9、按照权利要求8的设备，其特征是，它还包括一个与单塔（9）相连并配有塔顶冷凝器（19）的不纯氩气生产塔（10），向该冷凝器供给过冷高压空气的装置，和从该冷凝器向单塔送回气态空气的装置。
10、按照权利要求8或9的设备，其特征在于，它包括一台用来膨胀至少一部分未高压压缩的空气的第一透平（5）和用来膨胀一部分高压空气的第二透平（5A）。
11、按照权利要求10的设备，其特征是，第二透平（5A）的入口温度低于第一透平（5）的入口温度。
12、按照权利要求8至11中任意一项的设备，其特征是，它还包括一台用来膨胀一部分循环高压下的氮到单塔（9）压力的第三透平（34）。
13、按照权利要求8至12中任意一项的设备，其特征是，第一压缩机（1）和氮致冷循环的压缩机（16）由一个单机构成。
CN94101920A 1993-01-05 1994-01-04 通过蒸馏空气生产至少一种加压气体产物和至少一种液体的方法和设备 Pending CN1093797A (zh)

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DE69305317D1 (de) 1996-11-14
CA2112831A1 (fr) 1994-07-06
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