CN1064449C - 空气蒸馏生产高压氧的方法和设备 - Google Patents

空气蒸馏生产高压氧的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1064449C
CN1064449C CN92110753.6A CN92110753A CN1064449C CN 1064449 C CN1064449 C CN 1064449C CN 92110753 A CN92110753 A CN 92110753A CN 1064449 C CN1064449 C CN 1064449C
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M·达科克
S·托明塔
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George Cloud Technology Research And Development Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
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Abstract

本发明氮气循环设备中，循环压缩机(6)还提供高压氮，用以加热从低压塔(12)取出并由泵(3)加压至要求的生产高压的液态氧，该设备宜于生产压力高于约50巴的氧气。

Description

空气蒸馏生产高压氧的方法和设备
本发明涉及空气蒸馏生产高压氧，更具体地讲，涉及空气蒸馏生产高压氧的方法，其中用包括用循环压缩机进行氮气压缩步骤的氮气制冷循环制冷。
本发明目的是提出高压氧气生产方法：其投资小，能耗低并且氧气产量高。
因此本发明目的是提出上述方法，其特征在于从蒸馏装置中取出液态氧，用泵将其加压达到高压并通过与循环压缩机压缩至氧加热压力下的氮换热而加热该高压氧。
该方法其它特征如下：
用循环压缩机压缩氮气，一方面压至循环高压，另一方面压至不同于该循环高压的氧加热高压；
还用循环压缩机生产高压氮气，其压力至多等于氧加热压力；
在空气蒸馏在包括中压塔和低压塔的双蒸馏塔中进行时，则在与高压氧换热后，必要时再于中间压力下膨胀后的氮气通过与中压塔中取出的氮气换热而冷却，之后再将压力降至中压，生成的液氮再送到中压塔。
本发明另一目的是提出实施该方法的设备，其中包括装有转板型换热管和带循环压缩机的氮气制冷循环的空气蒸馏装置，其特征在于其中包括宜于将从蒸馏装置取出的液氧加压达到高压的泵和将该高压氧与由循环压缩机加压至氧加热压力的氮气进行换热的换热装置。
该装置其它特征如下：
循环压缩机带有将氮气压缩到不同于制冷高压的氧加热高压的特殊段；
循环压缩机带有将氮气压缩到不同于制冷高压的氧加热高压的特殊段；
循环压缩机带有与高压氮气生产管相连的出口，氮气压力至多等于氧加热压力；
换热装置包括不同于换热管的余热换热器；
在空气蒸馏装置为包括中压塔和低压塔的双蒸馏塔时，则该设备包括转板型逆流循环换热器，其中包括与循环高压氮气冷却通道和该通道延长部分中的中间压力氮气冷却通道进行换热的中压氮气加热通道，这些冷却通道的入口经必要时装有膨胀阀的管道与换热装置中氮气通道的出口相连，并且其出口经装有膨胀阀的管道与中压塔相连；
循环换热器不同于换热管和换热装置。
下面参照附图详述本发明，唯一的图为本发明生产高压氧气的设备示意图。
以下涉及的压力为绝对压力。
图中所示设备为在生产例如超临界高压约85巴的氧气。该高压超过转板型换热器一般可能承受的压力，即高于约50巴。
该设备基本上包括空气蒸馏装置1，逆流换热管2，液氧泵3，余热换热器4和氮气制冷循环5，其中带有循环压缩机6，过压器7，其中连有膨胀涡轮8，循环换热器9和相分离器10。
蒸馏装置1为双“尖”塔型的，即其中包括中压蒸馏塔11，其压力约6．8巴，和低压蒸馏塔12，其压力约1．8巴，并且其上段13直径缩小，构成生产低压氮气的“尖塔”，以及蒸发一冷凝器14，可使塔11顶的氮气和塔12底的液氧进行换热。
余热换热器4为逆流换热器，可为带有加热高压氧所需高压流体通道的各种类型，例如可为管束类型的，而循环换热器9可为宜于维持不那么高，但也高于双塔中中压的压力的转板类型。
待蒸馏空气由该设备中空气压缩机加热到6．8巴且一般已净化，然后冷却到其在换热管2中露点左右并引入塔11底部。从该塔底部取出的“富液”(富含氧的空气)在膨胀阀15中膨胀后送入塔12的中部。在塔11中部取出的“贫底液”(不纯氮)在膨胀阀16中膨胀后送入尖塔16底部。在塔11顶取出的“贫顶液”(大致纯氮)在膨胀阀17中膨胀后送入尖塔13的尖顶。
装置11产出四种流体：
(a)在塔12底部为液氧，在由泵3压缩至要求高压，如85巴后送到换热器4的加热通道18的入口或冷却后送入。若该换热器为管束类型的，则氧送入管中。在换热器4的出口，加热后的高压氧送到应用管19。
(b)在尖塔13顶部为低压氮气，在换热管2中加热后送到循环压缩机6的低压吸入侧20。
(c)在塔11顶部为中压氮气，其第一部分在换热管2中加热后经管21送到压缩机6的中压吸入侧22，另一部分的中压氮气在循环换热器9的通道23中加热后送到管道21中。
(d)在尖塔13底部为剩余气W(不纯氮气)，在换热管2中加热后经管24从设备中抽出。
压缩机6提供两种氮气流：
(a)通过中间出口25提供制冷循环的高压氮气流，约26巴，该氮气由过压器7过压至35巴后在换热器9的通道26中冷却，再从该换热器长度中部取出并在涡轮8中中压下膨胀后送入相分离器10。
(b)通过最终出口27提供加热压力约70巴的氧的超临界高压氮气流，该氮气在余热换热器4中冷却(其中若用管束换热器，则通过该换热器护栅)，必要时在膨胀阀(28)中，降至中间压力，还可降至超临界压力，如约50巴，在冷却通道26的延长部分29中冷却，并在膨胀阀30中降至中压后以双相状态送入分离器10中。
从分离器10中出来的蒸气与上述从塔11中出来后并入该氮气的第二部分中压氮气一起在换热器9的通道23中加热后送入管道21中。在分离器中收集的液体经管道31送到塔11的顶部。
该设备必要时可产生出多种其它流体：
从管道21经管道32取出的中压氮气；
从压缩机6的最终增压管道中经管道33取出的氧(70巴)加热用高压氮气，另一方面，该氮气又可在该高压和循环高压之间的中间压力下制成，正如图中33A的点划线所示；
从泵3的入口管道中经管道34取出的低压液氧；
从管道31经装有膨胀阀36的管道35取出的低压液氮。
该设备还可改进而提供各种高压氧，加热氧的氮气可由循环压缩机加压到宜于高压氧的高压。

Claims (11)

1．借助空气蒸馏设备生产高压氧气的方法，该设备包括一个中压塔和一个低压塔，其中进行氮制冷循环操作以便通过循环压缩机压缩来自中压和低压塔的氮，所述方法包括下列步骤：从蒸馏设备中取出液态氧，用泵将取出的氧加压达到高生产压力并通过与借助所述循环压缩机被压缩至氧加热压力的所述氮换热而加热该高生产压力氧。
2．权利要求1的方法，其中，用所述循环压缩机将氮气部分地压至循环高压，部分地压至不同于该循环高压的氧加热高压。
3．权利要求1的方法，其中，所述循环压缩机在不高于所述氧加热高压的另一压力下提供工艺氮。
4．权利要求1的方法，其中包括下列步骤：由所述中压塔中取出氮气，通过与由中压塔中取出的所述氮气进一步换热冷却业已与所述高生产压力氧换热的氮，将所述冷却氮减压至所述中压以生产两相氮，并将液氮送入所述中压塔。
5．权利要求4的方法，其中还包括下列步骤：将业已通过与所述高生产压力氧换热而被冷却的氮气压力在该被冷却氮气与所述被取出的氮气换热之前降至高于所述中压的一个中间压力。
6．借助空气蒸馏设备生产高压氧气的整套装置，其中包括装有转板型换热管的中压塔和低压塔和带有循环压缩机的氮制冷循环，该压缩机用于将来自中压和低压塔的氮压至氧加热压力，该整套装置包括用于将从蒸馏设备取出的液氧加压达到所述高生产压力的泵和用于将该高生产压力液氧与由循环压缩机加压至所述氧加热压力的所述氮进行换热的换热装置。
7．权利要求6的整套装置，其中，循环压缩机带有用于将氮气压缩到不同于制冷循环高压的所述氧加热压力的特殊段。
8．权利要求7的整套装置，其中，循环压缩机带有与高压氮输送管相连的出口，氮气压力至多等于所述氧加热压力。
9．权利要求6的整套装置，其中，换热装置包括独立于所述换热管的余热换热器。
10．权利要求6的整套装置，其中包括转板型逆流循环换热器，并且包括用于加热中压氮气的第一通道，所述第一通道与用于冷却中间压力氮的第二通道呈换热关系，第三通道为所述第二通道的延长部分，该部分设有与被包含在所述换热装置中的氮通道出口相连的进口，所述第三通道的出口经减压阀与中压塔相连。
11．权利要求10的整套装置，其中，还包括一个用于将所述第三通道的所述进口与被包含在所述换热装置中的氮通道的所述出口连接的减压阀。
CN92110753.6A 1991-09-18 1992-09-17 空气蒸馏生产高压氧的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN1064449C (zh)

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FR9111479 1991-09-18

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