CN109371679A - 一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,属于纺织品技术领域。本发明所制备的易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂以含全氟短碳链聚丙烯酸脂为主要的拒水拒油剂,提供主要拒水拒油能力,在使用时能够在织物表面形成一层具有微孔的基膜,基膜上分散着纳米氧化锌,具有一定的自洁能力,也提高了拒水拒油能力,当有水滴或者油滴接触织物时,由于基膜的微孔直径比液滴直径更小,而基膜微孔直径比水蒸汽直径大,所以人体产生的汗蒸气能够透过织物扩散到外界,具有透水透湿的效果;本发明所制备的易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂在具有良好的拒水拒油能力的同时,还具有易去污以及自洁的能力,透气透湿性好,延长织物使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,属于纺织品技术领域。
背景技术
织物的润湿指的是水、油等液体可以在织物表面迅速铺展,织物润湿的难易程度主要与织物的结构及纤维的表面特性有关。经拒水、拒油整理的织物可以使水、油等液体难以在织物表面铺展,使之呈球状在织物表面滚动。织物要达到拒水、拒油目的,接触角应该大于90°,接触角越大,拒水、拒油效果越好。
为了赋予织物很好的防水、防油效果,通常利用防水、防油涂层剂对织物进行涂层整理,涂层整理剂在织物表面形成一层致密的薄膜,可以有效防止水、油和有机溶剂对织物的润湿和渗透,但是涂层整理剂堵塞了织物组织的间隙,破坏了织物的透气性与透湿性,影响了织物的使用效果。后来,人们采用乳液或溶液形式的拒水、拒油整理剂对织物进行整理,通过降低织物纤维表面张力的方法,使水、油和有机溶剂等液体难以在织物表面扩散润湿,同时避免了对织物透气性和透湿性的破坏,从而使整理后的织物更能满足人们对纺织品舒适性与功能性的要求。
随着研究的深入,在含氟聚丙烯酸酯拒水、拒油整理剂的研究过程中,人们发现,经含氟聚丙烯酸酯整理剂整理后的织物虽然具有较好的拒水、拒油效果,但是整理后的织物在实际使用过程中一旦被污物沾污就很难洗除,这主要是因为经整理后,含氟整理剂中的含氟链段在织物表面发生定向吸附,赋予织物较低的表面能,在清洗过程中水分子无法在织物表面进行延展,织物无法被润湿,从而使沾污的污物无法被水有效的浸润和清洗,若反复强力洗涤则会对织物的强力及拒水、拒油性造成破坏。
经含氟聚丙烯酸酯拒水、拒油整理剂整理后的织物能获得较低的表面能,具有良好的拒水拒油效果,但是一旦被沾污后,常规洗涤条件下污物很难被洗去,若反复强力洗涤则会对织物的强力及拒水效果造成破坏,所以为了增强含氟整理剂的实用性,研究开发既有拒水、拒油功能,又有易去污功能的含氟整理剂,逐渐成为含氟织物整理剂研究的热点问题。易去污指的是织物被污物沾污后,在常规洗涤条件下容易被洗除,并且在洗涤过程中不会发生二次沾污。若在含氟整理剂中引入一定比例的亲水链段,那么经亲水链段改性的含氟整理剂整理后的织物,在干态下整理剂中的含氟链段可以赋予织物拒水拒油的功能,而在湿态下整理剂中的亲水链段则可以赋予织物较好的润湿性,污物易被洗除。
含氟聚丙烯酸酯类整理剂虽然具有其它拒水、拒油整理剂不可比拟的绝对优势,但是在实际应用过程中仍存在很多不足之处,其中经其整理后的织物易去污性较差是其最突出的问题之一。经含氟聚丙烯酸酯类整理剂整理后的织物一旦被沾污就很难被洗净,这严重的影响了含氟整理剂的实用性,所以对含氟整理剂易去污能力的研究具有十分重要的意义,也成为了目前研究领域的一个热点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对涂层整理剂在织物表面形成一层致密的薄膜,破坏了织物的透气性与透湿性的问题,提出了一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
(1)取N-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、氯化亚铜、三乙胺和三氯甲烷搅拌均匀,得到混合物A,并用冰水浴使得混合物A温度保持在0~5℃;
(2)取三氯甲烷与丙烯酰氯搅拌均匀,得到混合液A,将混合液A加入到混合物A中,得到混合物B,将混合物B改用水浴加热,加热至温度为40℃时,保温反应8h后冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(3)将去离子水加入到反应液中,搅拌后静置分液,倒去上半层液体,重复此步骤直到上半层液体变为无色透明,倒去上层液体,得到底液A;
(4)然后用1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤底液A两次,得到底液B,再用5mol/L氯化钠溶液洗涤底液B两次,得到底液C;
(5)将三氯甲烷加入底液C进行萃取,将萃取相用无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤得浅黄色透明液体,将浅黄色透明液体加热减压蒸馏除去三氯甲烷,得到化合物;
(6)取化合物,丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和丙酮搅拌均匀得到混合液B;
(7)取一半混合液B、去离子水和十二烷基硫酸钠混合均匀后升温至50℃,预乳化30min,得到预乳液;
(8)在氮气保护下,向预乳液中加入过硫酸铵,然后升温至70℃,得到乳液;
(9)取低聚丙烯酸钠、纳米氧化锌和去离子水搅拌均匀,超声震荡30min,得到分散液;
(10)取乳液、分散液、水性聚氨酯、过硫酸钠和另一半混合液B混合均匀反应4h,蒸馏除去溶剂丙酮,得到易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂。
步骤(1)所述N-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、g氯化亚铜、5三乙胺和三氯甲烷的质量比为10:1:25:25。
步骤(2)所述三氯甲烷与丙烯酰氯的质量比为1:1。
步骤(6)所述化合物,丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和丙酮的质量比为130:20:3:100。
步骤(7)所述一半混合液B、去离子水和十二烷基硫酸钠的质量比为100:1300:2。
步骤(9)所述低聚丙烯酸钠、纳米氧化锌和去离子水的质量比为1:1:50。
步骤(10)所述乳液、分散液、水性聚氨酯、过硫酸钠和另一半混合液B的质量比为500:500:50:1:50。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)氧化锌作为分子组成简单的一类无机氧化物,具有无毒、制备成本低和生物相容性好等优点,纳米氧化锌是一种直接宽带隙半导体,可有效被紫外光激发,有光催化性能,具有一定的自洁能力,当纳米氧化锌整理织物时,能够在织物表面形成乳头状凸起,具有荷叶效应,提高了拒水性;
(2)聚丙烯酸脂类碳氧化合物能够有效降低与水接触时的表面张力,提高了易去污的能力;水性聚氨酯具有良好的机械性能以及耐老化能力,能够使得整理及整理过后的织物更加耐用耐摩擦;
(3)本发明所制备的易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂以含全氟短碳链聚丙烯酸脂为主要的拒水拒油剂,提供主要拒水拒油能力,在使用时能够在织物表面形成一层具有微孔的基膜,基膜上分散着纳米氧化锌,形成类似于荷叶表面结构,具有一定的自洁能力,也提高了拒水拒油能力,当有水滴或者油滴接触织物时,由于基膜的微孔直径比液滴直径更小,所以液滴无法渗入织物,而基膜微孔直径比水蒸汽直径大,所以人体产生的汗蒸气能够透过织物扩散到外界,具有透水透湿的效果;
(4)本发明所制备的易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂在具有良好的拒水拒油能力的同时,还具有易去污以及自洁的能力,透气透湿性好,延长织物使用寿命。
具体实施方式
取20~40gN-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、2~4g氯化亚铜、50~100g三乙胺和50~100g三氯甲烷搅拌均匀,得到混合物A,并用冰水浴使得混合物A温度保持在0~5℃;取50~100g三氯甲烷与50~100g丙烯酰氯搅拌均匀,得到混合液A,将混合液A加入到混合物A中,得到混合物B,将混合物B改用干油浴加热,加热至温度为40℃时,保温反应8h后冷却至室温,得到反应液;取100~200g去离子水加入到反应液中,搅拌后静置分液,倒去上半层液体,重复此步骤直到上半层液体变为无色透明,倒去上层液体,得到底液A;然后用100~200g1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤底液A两次,得到底液B,再用100~200g5mol/L氯化钠溶液洗涤底液B两次,得到底液C;将100~200g三氯甲烷加入底液C进行萃取,将萃取相用50g无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤得浅黄色透明液体,将浅黄色透明液体加热减压蒸馏除去三氯甲烷,得到化合物;取化合物13~26g,丙烯酸十八酯2~4g和0.3~0.6g丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和10~20g丙酮搅拌均匀得到混合液B;取10~20g混合液B、130~260g去离子水和0.2~0.4g十二烷基硫酸钠混合均匀后升温至50℃,预乳化30min,得到预乳液;在氮气保护下,向预乳液中加入0.2~0.4g过硫酸铵,然后升温至70℃,得到乳液;取2~4g低聚丙烯酸钠、2~4g纳米氧化锌和100~200g去离子水搅拌均匀,超声震荡30min,得到分散液;取100~200g乳液、100~200g分散液、10~20g水性聚氨酯、0.2~0.4g过硫酸钠和10~20g混合液B混合均匀反应4h,蒸馏除去溶剂丙酮,得到易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂。
实例1
取20gN-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、2g氯化亚铜、50g三乙胺和50g三氯甲烷搅拌均匀,得到混合物A,并用冰水浴使得混合物A温度保持在0℃;取50g三氯甲烷与50g丙烯酰氯搅拌均匀,得到混合液A,将混合液A加入到混合物A中,得到混合物B,将混合物B改用干油浴加热,加热至温度为40℃时,保温反应8h后冷却至室温,得到反应液;取100g去离子水加入到反应液中,搅拌后静置分液,倒去上半层液体,重复此步骤直到上半层液体变为无色透明,倒去上层液体,得到底液A;然后用100g1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤底液A两次,得到底液B,再用100g5mol/L氯化钠溶液洗涤底液B两次,得到底液C;将100g三氯甲烷加入底液C进行萃取,将萃取相用50g无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤得浅黄色透明液体,将浅黄色透明液体加热减压蒸馏除去三氯甲烷,得到化合物;取化合物13g,丙烯酸十八酯2g和0.3g丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和10g丙酮搅拌均匀得到混合液B;取10g混合液B、130g去离子水和0.2g十二烷基硫酸钠混合均匀后升温至50℃,预乳化30min,得到预乳液;在氮气保护下,向预乳液中加入0.2g过硫酸铵,然后升温至70℃,得到乳液;取2g低聚丙烯酸钠、2g纳米氧化锌和100g去离子水搅拌均匀,超声震荡30min,得到分散液;取100g乳液、100g分散液、10g水性聚氨酯、0.2g过硫酸钠和10g混合液B混合均匀反应4h,蒸馏除去溶剂丙酮,得到易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂。
实例2
取30gN-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、3g氯化亚铜、75g三乙胺和75g三氯甲烷搅拌均匀,得到混合物A,并用冰水浴使得混合物A温度保持在3℃;取75g三氯甲烷与75g丙烯酰氯搅拌均匀,得到混合液A,将混合液A加入到混合物A中,得到混合物B,将混合物B改用干油浴加热,加热至温度为40℃时,保温反应8h后冷却至室温,得到反应液;取150g去离子水加入到反应液中,搅拌后静置分液,倒去上半层液体,重复此步骤直到上半层液体变为无色透明,倒去上层液体,得到底液A;然后用150g1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤底液A两次,得到底液B,再用150g5mol/L氯化钠溶液洗涤底液B两次,得到底液C;将150g三氯甲烷加入底液C进行萃取,将萃取相用50g无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤得浅黄色透明液体,将浅黄色透明液体加热减压蒸馏除去三氯甲烷,得到化合物;取化合物20g,丙烯酸十八酯3g和0.45g丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和15g丙酮搅拌均匀得到混合液B;取15g混合液B、200g去离子水和0.3g十二烷基硫酸钠混合均匀后升温至50℃,预乳化30min,得到预乳液;在氮气保护下,向预乳液中加入0.3g过硫酸铵,然后升温至70℃,得到乳液;取3g低聚丙烯酸钠、3g纳米氧化锌和150g去离子水搅拌均匀,超声震荡30min,得到分散液;取150g乳液、150g分散液、15g水性聚氨酯、0.3g过硫酸钠和15g混合液B混合均匀反应4h,蒸馏除去溶剂丙酮,得到易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂。
实例3
取40gN-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、4g氯化亚铜、100g三乙胺和100g三氯甲烷搅拌均匀,得到混合物A,并用冰水浴使得混合物A温度保持在5℃;取100g三氯甲烷与100g丙烯酰氯搅拌均匀,得到混合液A,将混合液A加入到混合物A中,得到混合物B,将混合物B改用干油浴加热,加热至温度为40℃时,保温反应8h后冷却至室温,得到反应液;取200g去离子水加入到反应液中,搅拌后静置分液,倒去上半层液体,重复此步骤直到上半层液体变为无色透明,倒去上层液体,得到底液A;然后用200g1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤底液A两次,得到底液B,再用200g5mol/L氯化钠溶液洗涤底液B两次,得到底液C;将200g三氯甲烷加入底液C进行萃取,将萃取相用50g无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤得浅黄色透明液体,将浅黄色透明液体加热减压蒸馏除去三氯甲烷,得到化合物;取化合物26g,丙烯酸十八酯4g和0.6g丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和20g丙酮搅拌均匀得到混合液B;取20g混合液B、260g去离子水和0.4g十二烷基硫酸钠混合均匀后升温至50℃,预乳化30min,得到预乳液;在氮气保护下,向预乳液中加入0.4g过硫酸铵,然后升温至70℃,得到乳液;取4g低聚丙烯酸钠、4g纳米氧化锌和200g去离子水搅拌均匀,超声震荡30min,得到分散液;取200g乳液、200g分散液、20g水性聚氨酯、0.4g过硫酸钠和20g混合液B混合均匀反应4h,蒸馏除去溶剂丙酮,得到易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂。
将本发明制备的易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂及广州某公司生产的织物进行检测,具体检测结果如下表表1:
检测方法:
(1)拒水性:
参照AATCC 22-2005《拒水性能测试:喷淋法》标准,在YB813型织物沾水仪上测试整理后织物的拒水效果。
(2)拒油性:
参照AATCC118-2007《拒油性:碳氢化合物的阻抗测试》标准,测试整理后织
物的拒油性。
(3)易去污性:
参照AATCC130-2004《易去污性:油性污渍释放法》标准,测试整理后织物的
易去污性。
(4)耐洗牢度:
参照GB/T3921.1-2008《纺织品色牢度试验 耐洗色牢度》标准在SW-12型耐洗色牢度试验机中进行。
表1易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂性能表征
由表1可知本发明制备的易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂,拒水性高,拒油性高,易去污性能强,耐水洗牢度优异具有极其广阔的市场应用价值。
Claims (7)
1.一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体制作步骤为:
(1)取N-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、氯化亚铜、三乙胺和三氯甲烷搅拌均匀,得到混合物A,并用冰水浴使得混合物A温度保持在0~5℃;
(2)取三氯甲烷与丙烯酰氯搅拌均匀,得到混合液A,将混合液A加入到混合物A中,得到混合物B,将混合物B改用水浴加热,加热至温度为40℃时,保温反应8h后冷却至室温,得到反应液;
(3)将去离子水加入到反应液中,搅拌后静置分液,倒去上半层液体,重复此步骤直到上半层液体变为无色透明,倒去上层液体,得到底液A;
(4)然后用1mol/L碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤底液A两次,得到底液B,再用5mol/L氯化钠溶液洗涤底液B两次,得到底液C;
(5)将三氯甲烷加入底液C进行萃取,将萃取相用无水硫酸镁干燥后过滤得浅黄色透明液体,将浅黄色透明液体加热减压蒸馏除去三氯甲烷,得到化合物;
(6)取化合物,丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和丙酮搅拌均匀得到混合液B;
(7)取一半混合液B、去离子水和十二烷基硫酸钠混合均匀后升温至50℃,预乳化30min,得到预乳液;
(8)在氮气保护下,向预乳液中加入过硫酸铵,然后升温至70℃,得到乳液;
(9)取低聚丙烯酸钠、纳米氧化锌和去离子水搅拌均匀,超声震荡30min,得到分散液;
(10)取乳液、分散液、水性聚氨酯、过硫酸钠和另一半混合液B混合均匀反应4h,蒸馏除去溶剂丙酮,得到易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述N-丙基-N-羟乙基全氟己基磺酰胺、g氯化亚铜、5三乙胺和三氯甲烷的质量比为10:1:25:25。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述三氯甲烷与丙烯酰氯的质量比为1:1。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)所述化合物,丙烯酸十八酯、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯和丙酮的质量比为130:20:3:100。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)所述一半混合液B、去离子水和十二烷基硫酸钠的质量比为100:1300:2。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(9)所述低聚丙烯酸钠、纳米氧化锌和去离子水的质量比为1:1:50。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种易去污型织物拒水拒油整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(10)所述乳液、分散液、水性聚氨酯、过硫酸钠和另一半混合液B的质量比为500:500:50:1:50。
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