CN109371671A - 赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂及其应用 - Google Patents

赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN109371671A
CN109371671A CN201811212677.6A CN201811212677A CN109371671A CN 109371671 A CN109371671 A CN 109371671A CN 201811212677 A CN201811212677 A CN 201811212677A CN 109371671 A CN109371671 A CN 109371671A
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spandex
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陈厚翔
梁红军
杨晓印
许图远
王靖
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Zhejiang Huafeng Spandex Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂及应用，该油剂包含50％～75％的基础油、0.5％～5％的润滑剂和20％～45％的表面活性剂，其中，基础油为矿物油、二甲基硅油、改性硅油中的一种或几种；润滑剂为硬脂酸及其衍生物；表面活性剂至少包括非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂，非离子表面活性剂的HLB值为3～8，阴离子表面活性剂具有双尾单头的结构特征，且占表面活性剂的重量百分比为70％～99％。本发明提供的油剂具有优良的粘滑特性，应用在纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶上，附着在已固化的氨纶丝条上，上油率为0.5％～8％，卷装上纤维的解丝张力为0.02cN/dtex～0.08cN/dtex，赋予卷装优异的稳定性和纤维退绕顺畅性。

Description

赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及氨纶纺丝油剂技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，尤其适用于纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶，使卷装更加稳定、退绕更加顺畅，在轴向退绕领域效果更为显著。
背景技术
氨纶在形成卷装之前需要进行上油处理，其主要目的是赋予纤维优异的平滑性、隔离性，解决卷装上纤维间的粘连问题，达到内外层均具有良好的退绕效果，同时还应使卷装具有成型好的特性，避免绊丝、塌边、凸边等卷装异常现象，以保证后道作业的均一性和顺畅性。专利KR20120065930A和KR20090136289A分别采用高粘度的纯烃和氨基改性硅油来提高氨纶纤维表面的光滑度，以确保低的退绕张力和摩擦系数，尽管该类油剂具有良好的退绕性能，但并不利于氨纶卷装的成型，易导致绊丝问题的出现，尤其在高纤度氨纶领域。专利CN201410559960.1和CN201210421473.X通过合理调配矿物油、二甲基硅油、改性硅油三者之间的比例来控制氨纶纤维的涩滑度和隔离性，达到滑而发涩、涩而不粘的状态，在不影响纤维退绕效果的前提下，很好的解决了氨纶卷装发生绊丝的问题，然而氨纶卷装表层丝线由于隔离性太好易滑落，尤其是在运输过程中，对卷装稳定性提出了一定的考验。
所谓氨纶卷装就是将氨纶长丝通过卷绕机，按照设定的工艺，卷绕成一定形状和一定容量的卷装，便于储存运输和顺利退绕。卷装的稳定性直接关系到后道的退绕性，当丝层较松，纤维与纤维间隔离性太好时，在轴向退绕领域，退绕过程中的丝线轨迹会出现严重的故障现象，导致断丝概率大幅增加；而当丝线之间具有粘连效果时，卷芯位置的丝线又难以顺利退出。CN201610372992.X通过在聚合物机体中添加聚苯乙烯达到消除故障的现象，而其作为热塑性聚合物，对氨纶卷装里层的丝线退绕性恶化较重，卷装表里层退绕张力差异较大，且聚苯乙烯的加入会劣化氨纶原有的弹性性能。为此，本发明通过从功能油剂方面着手，解决氨纶卷装退绕问题的同时，仍能保持氨纶原有弹性性能。
发明内容
技术问题：为了解决背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂及其应用，使卷装表里层纤维均具有一定的粘性且能顺利退出，尤其适用于纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶，使卷装更加稳定、退绕更加顺畅，在轴向退绕领域效果更为显著。
技术方案：本发明提供了一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，该油剂由以下组分混合调配而成，各组分所占总量的重量百分比为：
1)基础油，占比50％～75％；
2)润滑剂，占比0.5％～5％；
3)表面活性剂，占比20％～45％。
所述基础油为矿物油、二甲基硅油、改性硅油中的一种或几种。
所述润滑剂为硬脂酸及其衍生物。
所述表面活性剂至少包括非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂。
所述非离子表面活性剂的HLB值为3～8。
所述阴离子表面活性剂具有双尾单头的结构特征，如式Ⅰ～Ⅳ：
式Ⅰ～Ⅳ中R1、R2为碳数为2～18的直链、支链或环状烷基，M为锂、钠、钾、铵或乙醇胺，n＝0～8。
所述的阴离子表面活性剂占表面活性剂的重量百分比为70％～99％。
本发明的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂的应用，该油剂应用在纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶上。
所述油剂附着在已固化的氨纶丝条上，上油率为0.5％～8％，卷装上纤维的解丝张力为0.02cN/dtex～0.08cN/dtex。
有益效果：本发明提供了一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，该油剂应用在纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶上，使卷装表里层纤维均具有一定的粘性且能顺利退出，从而使氨纶卷装更加稳定、退绕更加顺畅，其仍能保持氨纶原有的弹性性能，在轴向退绕领域效果更为显著，能改善退绕过程中的丝线轨迹出现严重的鼓胀现象，同时由于纤维具有优异的润滑性，卷装表里层纤维退绕张力波动也较小。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
首先，本发明提供了一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，该油剂由以下组分混合调配而成，各组分所占总量的重量百分比为：
1)基础油，占比50％～75％；
2)润滑剂，占比0.5％～5％；
3)表面活性剂，占比20％～45％。
所述基础油为矿物油、二甲基硅油、改性硅油中的一种或几种。
所述改性硅油包括氨基改性硅油、聚醚改性硅油、长链烷基改性硅油、酯基改性硅油、环氧改性硅油等。
所述矿物油在25℃时的动力粘度为5～50mPa·s。
所述二甲基硅油在25℃时的动力粘度为5～50mPa·s。
所述改性硅油在25℃的动力粘度为5～3000mPa·s。
所述润滑剂为硬脂酸及其衍生物。
所述硬脂酸及其衍生物包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、乙撑双硬脂酰胺、硬脂酸正丁酯、硬脂酸甲酯等。
所述表面活性剂至少包括非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂。
所述非离子表面活性剂的HLB值为3～8。
所述阴离子表面活性剂具有双尾单头的结构特征，如式Ⅰ～Ⅳ：
式Ⅰ～Ⅳ中R1、R2为碳数为2～18的直链、支链或环状烷基，M为锂、钠、钾、铵或乙醇胺，n＝0～8。
所述的阴离子表面活性剂占表面活性剂的重量百分比为70％～99％。
所述阴离子表面活性剂占油剂的含量过高会使卷装上纤维的解丝张力过大，过低无法使卷装表层纤维达到粘连效果，导致卷装丝层滑移，影响退绕效果，因此需根据氨纶本身解丝特性设置合适的添加量。
所述油剂中还可添加粘度调节剂、抗氧剂、抗菌剂、pH值控制剂等。
所述油剂在25℃时的动力粘度为5～800mPa·s。
另外，本发明还提供了上述油剂在氨纶上的应用。
所述油剂应用在纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶上，尤其当所述77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶在后道的退绕方式为轴向退绕时，应用效果更为优异。
所述油剂也可应用在纤度为9dtex～77dtex的氨纶上，但其卷装表里层退绕张力波动较纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶要大。
所述油剂附着在已固化的氨纶丝条上，上油率为0.5％～8％，卷装上纤维的解丝张力为0.02cN/dtex～0.08cN/dtex。
本发明所述油剂制备的氨纶卷装性能评价方法如下：
解丝张力(UT)：通过动态纱线试验机对卷装的表里层进行测试，纤维在卷装上解离时的线速度保持不变，解离过程中纤维的拉伸张力呈现动态变化，记录其解离时发生粘连的张力值，即为解丝张力，表层解丝张力用SUT表示，里层解丝张力用CUT表示。
卷装稳定性(PS)：主要从两个方面进行测试，首先将卷装离地1米，且其轴向垂直于水平面，引出表层丝线直到地面，观察卷装表层丝线是否呈自由滑落状态；另外，观察卷装外观是否有绊丝、塌边、凸边等卷装异常现象。卷装稳定用符号“○”表示，卷装表层易滑落、外观正常用符号“◎”表示，卷装表层易滑落、外观异常用符号“⊙”表示，卷装表层不滑落、外观异常用符号“⊕”表示。
实施例1：
一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，含有55％重量的矿物油(25℃时的动力粘度为12mPa·s)，1.5％重量的硬脂酸镁，15％重量的硅油(25℃时的动力粘度为10mPa·s)，3.5％的司盘80，25％重量的仲烷基磺酸钠(Hostapur SAS)。所述油剂应用于155dtex的氨纶纤维上，上油率为5％。
实施例2：
一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，含有60％重量的硅油(25℃时的动力粘度为10mPa·s)，0.5％重量的硬脂酸镁，15％重量的矿物油(25℃时的动力粘度为12mPa·s)，4.5％重量的司盘80，20％重量的仲烷基磺酸钠(Hostapur SAS)。所述油剂应用于155dtex的氨纶纤维上，上油率为5％。
实施例3：
一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，含有55％重量的矿物油(25℃时的动力粘度为12mPa·s)，0.5％重量的硬脂酸镁，4.5％重量的司盘80，40％重量的磺基琥珀酸二乙基己酯钠。所述油剂应用于155dtex的氨纶纤维上，上油率为5％。
比较例1：
一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，含有95％重量的矿物油(25℃时的动力粘度为12mPa·s)，0.5％重量的硬脂酸镁，4.5％重量的司盘80。所述油剂应用于155dtex的氨纶纤维上，上油率为5％。
比较例2：
一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，含有75％重量的硅油(25℃时的动力粘度为10mPa·s)，20％重量的矿物油(25℃时的动力粘度为12mPa·s)，0.5％重量的硬脂酸镁，4.5％重量的司盘80。所述油剂应用于155dtex的氨纶纤维上，上油率为5％。
表1本发明实施例与比较例的结果
由表1可以看出，使用本发明油剂应用在氨纶纤维上并未明显劣化产品的里层退绕性，而且表层具有一定的粘连作用，卷装稳定性更加优异。
本发明已经通过详细的技术方案描述和具体的实施案例进行说明。对于业内技术人员来说，在本发明技术方案的基础上做出的各种形式或细节上的改变，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于该油剂由以下组分混合调配而成，各组分所占油剂总重量百分比为：
1)基础油，占比50％～75％；
2)润滑剂，占比0.5％～5％；
3)表面活性剂，占比20％～45％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于所述基础油为矿物油、二甲基硅油、改性硅油中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于所述润滑剂为硬脂酸及其衍生物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于所述表面活性剂至少包括非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于所述非离子表面活性剂的HLB值为3～8。
6.根据权利要求4所述的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于所述阴离子表面活性剂具有双尾单头的结构特征，如式Ⅰ～Ⅳ：
式Ⅰ～Ⅳ中R1、R2为碳数为2～18的直链、支链或环状烷基，M为锂、钠、钾、铵或乙醇胺，n＝0～8。
7.根据权利要求6所述的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂，其特征在于所述的阴离子表面活性剂占表面活性剂的重量百分比为70％～99％。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂的应用，其特征在于所述油剂应用在纤度为77dtex～1866dtex的氨纶上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的赋予氨纶卷装纤维间粘滑特性的油剂的应用，其特征在于所述油剂附着在已固化的氨纶丝条上，上油率为0.5％～8％，卷装上纤维的解丝张力为0.02cN/dtex～0.08cN/dtex。
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