CN109366021A - A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun - Google Patents

A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109366021A
CN109366021A CN201811059496.4A CN201811059496A CN109366021A CN 109366021 A CN109366021 A CN 109366021A CN 201811059496 A CN201811059496 A CN 201811059496A CN 109366021 A CN109366021 A CN 109366021A
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China
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external member
discharge cavity
cooling
positive
electrode
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CN201811059496.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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费杰福
曲绍君
李天祥
左婷
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting guns, it include: discharge cavity external member, one end of discharge cavity external member is equipped with connection pedestal, it connects and is fixedly installed with electrode support at the center of pedestal, connection pedestal is evenly distributed with four circular holes, the opposite circular hole of two of them is positive fairlead, two positive leads are introduced from positive wire hole and are connect with positive electrode, other two opposite circular hole is steam entry, a pair of of positive electrode is fixedly installed on the periphery of electrode support, space between positive electrode and discharge cavity external member is discharge cavity, negative electrode connect by adjusting screw with the other end of discharge cavity external member, negative electrode is equipped with nozzle, annular gap is equipped in discharge cavity external member and nozzle as cooling-water duct, bottom in the annular gap of nozzle close to negative electrode is equipped with electromagnetism ring, the cavity of nozzle interior is plasma spray orifice , have and realize plasma jet laminar flow state, break through the limitation of cutting thickness bottleneck, efficient, energy-saving and environmental protection effects.

Description

A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun
Technical field
The invention belongs to cutting mechanics field, in particular to a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun.
Background technique
Flame is broadly divided into for factors difference cutting techniques such as workpiece material, technique requirement, working environment, working principles Cutting, laser cutting, high pressure jer cutting (water knife), plasma cut etc. are several, wherein the synthesis sexual valence of plasma cut Compare highest.
As plasma cutting technique is continuously improved and develops, generation of the plasma water cutting as cutting technique of new generation Table, technology are mature on the whole, it is the combination of plasma cut and gas flame cuttiug, and the outstanding feature of plasma water cutting is: Portable, energy-saving and environmental protection.
Plasma water cutting machine is mainly that power is low (only 4 kilowatts or so) there are disadvantage at present, cuts the maximum thickness of work How only 16mm improves cutting power on the basis of keeping original technical advantage and cutting thickness is technological break-through key.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address current plasma water cutting technique there are power it is low, cutting thickness is small the disadvantages of skill Art problem provides a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun, by optimizing incision rifle structure, increases electromagnetism modulation means to tradition Cutting gun is transformed and upgrades, and has and realizes plasma jet laminar flow state, breaks through the limitation of cutting thickness bottleneck, efficiently, The effect of energy-saving and environmental protection.
Technical solution provided by the invention are as follows:
A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun, comprising: discharge cavity external member, the discharge cavity external member are barrel Intermediate Gray first The cylinder of cooling-water duct, one end of first cooling-water duct are the first cooling water inlet, first cooling-water duct The other end be the first cooling water outlet, one end of the discharge cavity external member is equipped with connection pedestal, in the connection pedestal Electrode support is fixedly installed at the heart, the connection pedestal is evenly distributed with four circular holes, and the opposite circular hole of two of them is positive wire Hole, two positive leads are introduced from positive wire hole and are connect with positive electrode, other two opposite circular hole enters for water vapour Mouthful, the electrode support is inside discharge cavity external member and coaxial with discharge cavity external member, solid on the periphery of the electrode support Dingan County is equipped with a pair of of positive electrode, and the positive electrode is coaxial with electrode support and face, the positive electrode and discharge cavity external member it Between space be discharge cavity, negative electrode connect with the other end of discharge cavity external member by adjusting screw, pacifies in the adjusting screw Equipped with compressed spring, the both ends of the compressed spring are contacted with discharge cavity external member and negative electrode respectively, and nozzle is mounted on negative electrode On, the nozzle is the small cylinder of the second cooling-water duct of barrel Intermediate Gray, and one end of second cooling-water duct is second Cooling water inlet, the other end of second cooling-water duct are the second cooling water outlet, are leaned in second cooling-water duct Nearly negative electrode side is equipped with electromagnetism ring, and the outer nozzle wall is equipped with the power supply lead wire hole of electromagnetism ring, institute close to negative electrode side The cavity for stating nozzle interior is plasma spray orifice.
Preferably, the discharge cavity external member, connection pedestal, electrode support and nozzle are high-temperature insulation ceramic material It is made.
Preferably, the electrode support is cylindrical body, and two positive electrodes are fixed and are isolated by embedded card slot, Two positive electrodes are made to distinguish face.
Preferably, the electromagnetism ring is the enamel covered wire winding being placed in the second cooling-water duct, line footpath 0.06mm, 300 circles, direct current supply.
Preferably, the positive electricity extremely tungsten alloy material is made, and discharge end is aciculiform.
Preferably, 4 segmentation annulus, copper cathode and pottery made of the negative electricity extremely copper and high-temperature insulation ceramic material Ceramic material is relatively isolated two-by-two.
Preferably, the nozzle inside diameter is less than the internal diameter of negative electrode.
Preferably, the positive electrode and extremely two pairs of negative electricity.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in following aspect:
1, compressed air is not needed when laminar flow plasma water cutting gun works, in the case where cutting condition of equivalent thickness, is cut with plasma Cutting mill, which compares, reduces use cost because hydroxide synthetic water releases a large amount of thermal energy, and cutting efficiency is higher;
2, by the use of layer stream modulation technology, cutting thickness limitation is breached, cutting application range is expanded, improves Cutting efficiency;
3, cutting gun is discharged using two pairs of electrodes simultaneously when due to work, generates two-beam high-temperature electric arc, has not only been adapted to big Power demand, and energy of plasma is made to be more evenly distributed, plasma integrality is more stable, is conducive to plasma laminar flow stream The generation and holding of state;
4, laminar flow plasma water cutting machine does not generate dust in cutting process, on the contrary, it can also attract dust, prevents powder The diffusion of dirt, convenient for real time monitoring, environment protecting is good;
5, in conclusion the present invention be integrate high-power, be widely used, is easy to use, it is energy-saving and environmental protection have compared with The cutting products of high performance-price ratio breach original cutting thickness bottleneck limitation, on the basis of existing plasma water cutting technique, Advanced Ideas and the technologies such as the design of two-beam electric arc, layer stream modulation are introduced and used, the necks such as China's welding, cutting will be greatly facilitated The technology in domain develops.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is main sectional view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of present invention connection pedestal.
Fig. 3 is ion motion trace schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1 connection pedestal, 2 discharge cavity external members, 3 first cooling-water ducts, 4 first cooling water inlets, 5 compressed springs, 6 negative electrodes, 7 adjusting screws, 8 second cooling-water ducts, 9 second cooling water inlets, 10 electromagnetism rings, 101 magnetic lines of force, 102 ions Helical trajectory, 11 nozzles, 12 plasma spray orifices, 13 second cooling water outlets, 14 electric arcs, 15 discharge cavities, 16 first cooling waters go out Mouthful, 17 electrode supports, 18 positive electrodes, 19 steam entries, 20 positive wire holes, 21 power supply lead wire holes.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification text Word can be implemented accordingly.
As shown in Figure 1-3, the present invention provides a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting guns, comprising: discharge cavity external member 2, it is described Discharge cavity external member 2 is the cylinder of the first cooling-water duct of barrel Intermediate Gray 3, and one end of first cooling-water duct 3 is first The other end of cooling water inlet 4, first cooling-water duct 3 is the first cooling water outlet 16, and the service life of cutting gun is An important indicator for influencing its performance, due to cutting gun work temperature is high, humidity is big, in heavy current environment, each component pole It oxidizable, aging and burns, it, can be with using water-cooling pattern by the first cooling-water duct 3 of setting and the second cooling-water duct 8 Cutting gun hot-spot effectively is avoided, extends the service life of cutting gun;
One end of the discharge cavity external member 2 is equipped with connection pedestal 1, is fixedly installed at the center of the connection pedestal 1 Electrode support 17, the connection pedestal 1 are evenly distributed with four circular holes, and the opposite circular hole of two of them is positive fairlead 20, and two just Pole connecting line is introduced from positive wire hole 20 and is connect with positive electrode 18, other two opposite circular hole is steam entry 19, The watt level of cutting machine is to measure the important indicator of its cutting performance, and the general bigger cutting efficiency of power is higher;It restricts at present The factor of cutting machine watt level mainly includes two aspects of power supply and cutting gun, and power supply is mainly realized by providing high current High-power, and cutting gun will then adapt to high current on this basis, i.e., using the multipair electrode discharge of single rifle, when work, generates multi beam The mode of electric arc 14 solves, and not only alleviating electric current by the way that single channel high current split into multichannel low current rushes electrode material It hits, reduces the extreme requirement to electrode material, also improve the degree of ionization and ionizing efficiency of working media, be allowed to more stable (reduce electric arc arc influences with bounce bring), Energy distribution is more uniform, while also distinguishing for multiple concurrent working power supplys Support is provided for the access power supply of multi beam electric arc 14, but the more cutting gun complexities of the number of passages of electric arc 14 are higher, simultaneously Single 14 temperature of beam electric arc is lower, is unfavorable for ionizing working media instead, in practical work process, general two to three beams electric arc 14 are It can;
The electrode support 17 is inside discharge cavity external member 2 and coaxial with discharge cavity external member 2, the electrode support 17 It is fixedly installed with a pair of of positive electrode 18 on periphery, the positive electrode 18 is coaxial with electrode support 17 and face, the positive electricity Space between pole 18 and discharge cavity external member 2 is discharge cavity 15, and negative electrode 6 is another by adjusting screw 7 and discharge cavity external member 2 End connection, is equipped with compressed spring 5 in the adjusting screw 7, the both ends of the compressed spring 5 respectively with discharge cavity external member 2 and Negative electrode 6 contacts, and by setting adjusting screw 7 and compressed spring 5, can adjust at any time between positive electrode 18 and negative electrode 6 Distance, in order to striking, arcing initiation success rate height directly affect system energy consumption is how many and electrode life;Work as working media When substantially stationary with density, pressure etc., influence striking factor it is main there are two: striking voltage and positive electrode 18 and negative electrode 6 Spacing, striking voltage in general is higher, and positive electrode 18 and 6 spacing of negative electrode are smaller (cannot contact), easier striking, but Never can individually pursue arcing initiation success rate in real work, will also complexity to arc voltage, electric current and heat conduction governing and at The factors such as this are comprehensively considered;Tens to several hundred kilovolts, (constant current external behavior control one drops to usual striking voltage in voltage suddenly As supported by power supply), the spacing of positive electrode 18 and negative electrode 6 is generally between 2 centimetres to 8 centimetres;The present invention is positive electrode 18 Spacing with negative electrode 6 be it is adjustable, the striking voltage height that can be provided according to power supply when use is to positive electrode 18 and negative electrode 6 Spacing carry out appropriate adjustment;
Nozzle 11 is mounted on negative electrode 6, and the nozzle 11 is the small cylinder of the second cooling-water duct of barrel Intermediate Gray 8, One end of second cooling-water duct 8 is the second cooling water inlet 9, and the other end of second cooling-water duct 8 is second Cooling water outlet 13 is equipped with electromagnetism ring 10 close to negative electrode side in second cooling-water duct, right by electromagnetism ring 10 Plasma is compressed, is rectified;Plasma beam fluidised form is generally divided into laminar flow and two kinds of turbulent flow, in laminar flow plasma beam intermediate ion one As along it is axial linearly or streamline motion, plasma jet is long, and energy concentrates near jet axis substantially, and radial energy expands Dissipate it is small, and it is very poor in the typically no consistent direction of motion of turbulent flow plasma beam intermediate ion or direction of motion consistency, move road It is touched in diameter in the presence of a large amount of vortexs and interionic, plasma jet is made to shorten, Energy distribution and diffusion are extremely uneven;Due to Curie Temperature limiting (being more than magnetic material Curie point, magnetism disappears), the present invention is by the way of electromagnetic compression rectification;Electromagnetic compression rectification It is using the magnetic effect of energization winding, axial generate gradually becomes strong magnetic field at electromagnetism ring 10, so that carrying high-energy and electricity The ion of lotus is compressed near 11 central axis of nozzle along spiral-shaped path, and it is basic that formation energy height concentrates on axle center, direction Unanimously it is parallel to the laminar flow plasma jet of axis;Cavity inside the nozzle 11 is plasma spray orifice 12.
Specific work process are as follows: cooling water water inlet pipe is coupled with the first cooling water inlet 4, the second cooling water inlet 9, Cooling water return pipe is coupled with the first cooling water outlet 16, the second cooling water outlet 13, forms water cooling circuit;It is logical It crosses resistive heater and generation high-temperature high-pressure steam is heated to water, entered by water vapour itself high pressure by flexible conduit and vapor Mouth 19 is rapidly introduced into discharge cavity 15, and power supply is electrode power supply, generates two beam high-temperature electric arcs 14, water vapour quilt in discharge cavity 15 Ionization generates high temperature and pressure plasma;When the cation of generation moves under high pressure effect to 11 low-pressure area of nozzle, in addition to Outside axially adjacent to electromagnetism ring 10, cation will be acted in the magnetic field that electromagnetism ring 10 generates by Lorentz force, make radial circumference Movement, axial distance electromagnetism ring 10 is closer, and magnetic field strength is bigger, and 101 density of the magnetic line of force is bigger, and the half of they spiral track 102 Diameter is gradually reduced, while the two-level configuration compression of cutting gun negative electrode 6 and nozzle 11, and plasma is compressed near axle center And plasma spray orifice 12 is injected in the axial direction;After electromagnetism ring 10, axial distance electromagnetism ring 10 is remoter, and magnetic field strength is got over Small, 101 density of the magnetic line of force is smaller, so that the radius of cation circular motion will be gradually expanded, but due to 12 hole of plasma spray orifice Diameter is constant, is basically unchanged to the radial compression intensity of cation, so that diffusion motion occurs for only a small number of cations, to modulate Laminar flow regime plasma jet out;Plasma jet reaches workpiece notch and generates collision, and hydrogen, oxonium ion are combined into water while generating height Warm high pressure cuts workpiece.
The discharge cavity external member, connection pedestal, electrode support and nozzle are that high-temperature insulation ceramic material is made, high temperature Insulating ceramic materials have the characteristics such as dielectric constant is small, dielectric loss is low, low in cost, mechanical strength is high, meet the present invention Performance indicator;The electrode support 17 is cylindrical body, and two positive electrodes 18 are fixed and are isolated by embedded card slot, are made Two positive electrodes 18 distinguish two negative electrode 6 of face, and card slot can be more convenient that positive electrode 18 is fixed, while can guarantee again most Small positive and negative electrode spacing;Electromagnetism ring 10 is enamel covered wire winding, and line footpath 0.06mm, 300 circles, direct current supply, materials are convenient, just In maintenance, replacement, production cost is reduced;Positive electrode 18 is made of tungsten alloy material, and discharge end is aciculiform, meets working environment Requirement to heat transfer, high temperature resistant and the properties such as anti-oxidant, while the arc of electric arc 14 can also be made with more stable;Negative electrode 6 For four segmentation annulus made of copper and high-temperature insulation ceramic material, copper cathode and ceramic material are relatively isolated two-by-two, meet Requirement of the working environment to heat transfer, high temperature resistant and the properties such as anti-oxidant.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed With.It can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely.It for those skilled in the art, can be easily Realize other modification.Therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited In specific details and legend shown and described herein.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun characterized by comprising discharge cavity external member, the discharge cavity external member are barrel The cylinder of the first cooling-water duct of Intermediate Gray, one end of first cooling-water duct are the first cooling water inlet, described first The other end of cooling-water duct is the first cooling water outlet, and one end of the discharge cavity external member is equipped with connection pedestal, the company It connects and is fixedly installed with electrode support at the center of pedestal, the connection pedestal is evenly distributed with four circular holes, the opposite circular hole of two of them For positive fairlead, two positive leads are introduced and are connect with positive electrode, other two opposite circular hole from positive wire hole For steam entry, the electrode support is inside discharge cavity external member and coaxial with discharge cavity external member, the electrode support Be fixedly installed with a pair of of positive electrode on periphery, the positive electrode is coaxial with electrode support and face, the positive electrode with put Space between electric chamber external member is discharge cavity, and negative electrode connect by adjusting screw with the other end of discharge cavity external member, the tune Compressed spring is installed, the both ends of the compressed spring are contacted with discharge cavity external member and negative electrode respectively, nozzle peace on whole screw On negative electrode, the nozzle is the small cylinder of the second cooling-water duct of barrel Intermediate Gray, second cooling-water duct One end is the second cooling water inlet, and the other end of second cooling-water duct is the second cooling water outlet, and described second is cooling Electromagnetism ring is installed close to negative electrode side in aquaporin, the outer nozzle wall is equipped with the power supply of electromagnetism ring close to negative electrode side Fairlead, the cavity of the nozzle interior are plasma spray orifice.
2. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge cavity external member connects Connecing pedestal, electrode support and nozzle is that high-temperature insulation ceramic material is made.
3. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electrode support is cylinder Body is fixed and is isolated to two positive electrodes by embedded card slot, and two positive electrodes distinguish face.
4. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetism ring is to be placed in Enamel covered wire winding in second cooling-water duct, line footpath 0.06mm, 300 circles, direct current supply.
5. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the positive electricity extremely tungsten alloy Material is made, and discharge end is aciculiform.
6. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the negative electricity extremely copper and resistance to Four segmentation annulus made of high-temperature insulation ceramic material, copper cathode and ceramic material are relatively isolated two-by-two.
7. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the nozzle inside diameter is less than negative The internal diameter of electrode.
8. a kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the positive electrode and negative electrode It is two pairs.
CN201811059496.4A 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun Pending CN109366021A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112804804A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-05-14 青岛科技大学 Constant electromagnetic field constraint plasma arc generating device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4839492A (en) * 1987-02-19 1989-06-13 Guy Bouchier Plasma scalpel
CN1433251A (en) * 2002-01-05 2003-07-30 罗五来 Self-exciting gas ionizing energy generator and its application and product
TW200914184A (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-01 Atomic Energy Council Water vapor plasma torch device
CN102211238A (en) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-12 株式会社电装 Arc welding method and arc welding apparatus
CN105537739A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-05-04 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Negative electrode forced cooling and magnetic control compression combined type small hole TIG welding device
CN206029035U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-22 成都真火科技有限公司 Laminar flow arc plasma welds rifle
CN208853989U (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-05-14 费杰福 A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4839492A (en) * 1987-02-19 1989-06-13 Guy Bouchier Plasma scalpel
CN1433251A (en) * 2002-01-05 2003-07-30 罗五来 Self-exciting gas ionizing energy generator and its application and product
TW200914184A (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-01 Atomic Energy Council Water vapor plasma torch device
CN102211238A (en) * 2010-04-07 2011-10-12 株式会社电装 Arc welding method and arc welding apparatus
CN105537739A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-05-04 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) Negative electrode forced cooling and magnetic control compression combined type small hole TIG welding device
CN206029035U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-03-22 成都真火科技有限公司 Laminar flow arc plasma welds rifle
CN208853989U (en) * 2018-09-12 2019-05-14 费杰福 A kind of laminar flow plasma water cutting gun

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112804804A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-05-14 青岛科技大学 Constant electromagnetic field constraint plasma arc generating device

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