CN107124815B

CN107124815B - plasma generator

Info

Publication number: CN107124815B
Application number: CN201710545753.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜国财; 张柯; 王子鸣; 张兴; 范景利
Original assignee: Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-07-06
Filing date: 2017-07-06
Publication date: 2023-10-31
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-06
Also published as: CN107124815A

Abstract

The application discloses a plasma generator, which comprises an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is a tubular body with an axis arranged along the front-back direction, a cooling air cavity is arranged at the outer side of the periphery of the anode of a plasma arc generation cavity formed by the hollow part of the tubular body, and the cooling air cavity is provided with a first air inlet for introducing compressed gas; the cathode is positioned at the front end of the anode and is opposite to the plasma arc generation cavity, a medium air cavity communicated with the plasma arc generation cavity is arranged at the outer side of the periphery of the cathode, and the medium air cavity is provided with a second air inlet for introducing medium gas; a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes of intercommunication cooling air cavity and plasma arc generation chamber have been seted up to the lateral wall of positive pole, and a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes set up to: compressed gas entering the plasma arc generating cavity through the flow guiding holes forms an adherent swirl gas film with tangential velocity and backward axial velocity. The plasma generator utilizes compressed gas to simultaneously realize anode cooling and arc stabilizing functions.

Description

Plasma generator

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of plasma equipment, in particular to a plasma generator.

Background

The anode cooling system and the anode arc stabilizing system are key components of the plasma generator.

In the prior art, the anode cooling system of the plasma generator is typically a water cooling system. The water cooling system comprises a cavity at the periphery of the anode and a water stop plate or a water blocking sleeve arranged in the cavity, and the water stop plate or the water blocking sleeve enables the cavity to form a water inlet and outlet circulation flow path. The water cooling system needs to be provided with sealing rubber rings at the joints of adjacent sections of the anode and the joints of the anode and the anode bracket to prevent water leakage.

The arc stabilizing mode of the anode arc stabilizing system of the plasma generator mainly comprises a liquid stabilizing mode, a magnetic stabilizing mode and an air stabilizing mode. Wherein, the air stabilization mode is simple and easy to operate, and the use is most common.

In the process of realizing the application, designers find that the anode arc stabilizing system adopting a water cooling system and a gas stabilizing mode for the plasma generator has the following defects:

1. when the sealing rubber ring in the water cooling system is damaged, a water leakage phenomenon occurs, and an arc breakage occurs, or the anode is burnt out due to the fact that the anode heat is difficult to dissipate due to water leakage, and the local overheating is caused.

2. The structure of the plasma generator of the water cooling system is complex, the weight of the plasma generator is large, the cost is high, and the maintenance is difficult.

3. The stable arc is realized by the gas stable mode, the requirements on various parameters of the gas are higher, if the strength of the gas rotational flow is insufficient, or the wind speed does not reach the parameters required by the arc of the plasma generator, the generated arc can drift between the cathode and the anode of the plasma generator and cannot be stabilized, the fluctuation of the ionization rate of the gas is large, the plasma generator is easy to break the arc, the abnormal burning loss of the anode and the cathode of the plasma generator can be caused, and the service life of the electrode is shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a plasma generator, which aims to simultaneously realize anode cooling and arc stabilizing functions by using compressed gas.

The application provides a plasma generator, which comprises an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is a tubular body with an axis arranged along the front-back direction, a hollow part of the tubular body forms a plasma arc generating cavity, a cooling air cavity is arranged at the outer side of the periphery of the anode, and the cooling air cavity is provided with a first air inlet for introducing compressed gas; the cathode is positioned at the front end of the anode and is opposite to the plasma arc generation cavity, a medium air cavity communicated with the plasma arc generation cavity is arranged at the outer side of the periphery of the cathode, and the medium air cavity is provided with a second air inlet for introducing medium gas; a plurality of diversion holes communicated with the cooling air cavity and the plasma arc generation cavity are formed in the side wall of the anode, and the diversion holes are formed in the mode that: the compressed gas entering the plasma arc generation cavity through the flow guide hole forms an adherent cyclone gas film with tangential velocity and backward axial velocity.

According to the plasma generator provided by the application, compressed gas enters the cooling air cavity through the first air inlet, then enters the plasma arc generation cavity of the anode through the diversion hole, and an adherent rotational flow air film is formed under the action of the diversion hole. The attached swirl air film can replace circulating cooling water of a water cooling system to cool the anode; meanwhile, the adherence swirl air film can provide stable arc air flow for the plasma generator while cooling the anode, so that the plasma generator is not easy to break arc.

Other features of the present application and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the application, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plasma generator according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an anode of the plasma generator of the embodiment shown in fig. 1.

The reference numbers in the drawings:

1. an anode; 1-1, a front section; 1-2, middle section; 1-3, the rear section; 1-4, a diversion hole; 1-5, a plasma arc generating cavity; 2. a cathode; 3. an anode sheath; 4. plasma arc; 5. anode arc root; 6. a cathode arc root; 7. a first air inlet; 8. a medium gas; 9. attaching a rotational flow air film; 10. a second air inlet; 11. a power supply; 12. a medium air cavity; 13. and cooling the air cavity.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless it is specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual scale for convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for defining the components, and are merely for convenience in distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms are not meant to have any special meaning unless otherwise indicated, so that the scope of the present application is not to be construed as being limited.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present application and simplify the description, and these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application; the orientation word "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the contour of the respective component itself.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the plasma generator of the embodiment of the present application includes an anode 1 and a cathode 2. The anode 1 is a tubular body with an axis arranged along the front-rear direction, and a hollow part of the tubular body forms a plasma arc generating cavity 1-5. The outer peripheral side of the anode 1 is provided with a cooling air chamber 13, the cooling air chamber 13 having a first air inlet 7 for introducing compressed gas. The cathode 2 is located at the front end of the anode 1 and opposite the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5. The outer side of the outer periphery of the cathode 2 is provided with a medium air cavity 12 communicated with the plasma arc generating cavity 1-5, and the medium air cavity 12 is provided with a second air inlet 10 for introducing medium gas. The side wall of the anode 1 is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 1-4 which are communicated with the cooling air cavity 13 and the plasma arc generating cavity 1-5. The plurality of deflector holes 1-4 are provided as: compressed gas entering the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5 through the deflector orifice 1-4 forms an adherent swirling gas film 9 having a tangential velocity and a rearward axial velocity.

The plasma generator is provided with a first air inlet 7 for introducing compressed gas into a cooling air cavity 13, and a diversion hole 1-4 is provided for introducing the compressed gas into a plasma arc generation cavity 1-5 of an anode 2 to form an adherence swirl air film 9. The attached swirl air film 9 can replace circulating cooling water of a water cooling system to cool the anode 1; meanwhile, the adherence swirl air film 9 can provide stable arc air flow for the plasma generator while cooling the anode 1, so that the plasma generator is not easy to break arc.

In some preferred embodiments, the plurality of pilot holes 1-4 form at least one pilot hole group, and each pilot hole 1-4 in the pilot hole group is arranged along a spiral track centering on the axis of the anode 1. The arrangement is favorable for forming an adherent swirl air film 9 by organizing compressed air, thereby being favorable for better cooling the anode and generating a good arc stabilizing effect.

In some preferred embodiments, the pilot holes 1-4 form more than two pilot hole groups, and the spiral track of each pilot hole group is arranged in multiple heads along the axial direction of the plasma anode 1. The arrangement can better coordinate the density degree of the plurality of diversion holes 1-4 and the emergent angle of the compressed gas, thereby better controlling the flow, speed and direction of the compressed gas, and further better controlling the cooling effect and the arc stabilizing effect.

In some preferred embodiments, each deflector aperture 1-4 within the group of deflector apertures is arranged to: the downstream deflector holes 1-4 of every two adjacent deflector holes 1-4 along the spiral track are arranged offset from the flow path of the outflow stream of the upstream deflector hole 1-4. The offset arrangement may be achieved by controlling the degree and/or angle of the density of the deflector holes 1-4. For example, the above-described offset arrangement may be achieved by making the angle between the air flow-out direction of the upstream-located deflector hole 1-4 and the front-rear direction different from the angle between the air flow-out direction of the downstream-located deflector hole 1-4 and the front-rear direction. The arrangement can lead the flow of the compressed gas flowing out of the upstream diversion holes 1-4 to be less influenced by the compressed gas flowing out of the downstream diversion holes 1-4, reduce vortex generation, and facilitate the airflow cyclone flow, thereby being beneficial to improving the cooling effect and the arc stabilizing effect.

In some preferred embodiments, the spiral tracks are arranged at equal pitch or at varying pitch. The pitch of the spiral track can be set according to the cooling and arc stabilizing requirements to adjust parameters of the adherence swirl air film 9, so as to achieve the required cooling and arc stabilizing effects.

Preferably, the pitch of the spiral track decreases gradually from front to back. This arrangement is favorable to improving the flow and the velocity of flow of the wall-attached swirl air film 9 in the high-temperature concentrated region, and improves the cooling effect.

In some preferred embodiments, the angle between the air flow direction of at least one deflector hole 1-4 and the front-rear direction is different from the angle between the air flow direction of the other deflector holes 1-4 and the front-rear direction. By controlling the included angles between the airflow outflow directions and the front-rear directions of the plurality of diversion holes 1-4, the tangential speed and the axial speed of the wall-attached swirl air film 9 can be effectively controlled, and the required cooling and arc stabilizing effects are achieved.

In some preferred embodiments, the deflector holes 1-4 are provided in the rear section of the anode 1. The highest temperature position of the anode 1 is at the anode arc root 5, and the anode arc root is positioned at the rear section of the anode 1 due to the pushing action of the medium gas, and the diversion holes 1-4 are arranged at the rear section of the anode 1, so that an adherence swirl air film 9 can be formed at the rear section, the position with higher temperature at the anode arc root 5 can be cooled in a targeted manner, and the functions of cooling and arc stabilizing are better realized.

In some preferred embodiments, the sidewall inner diameter of the portion of the anode 1 where the deflector holes 1-4 are provided is larger than the sidewall inner diameter of the remaining portion of the anode 1. This arrangement can reduce the adverse interference of the attached swirling air film 9 on the movement of the high-voltage arc.

In some preferred embodiments, the medium gas enters the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5 in a swirling manner. Therefore, the medium gas and the high-voltage arc move backwards in the plasma arc generation cavity 1-5 in a rotational flow mode, so that the high-voltage arc is stably positioned in the medium gas, and the stability of the plasma generator is improved.

The plasma generator according to the embodiment of the present application is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.

As shown in fig. 1, the plasma generator of this embodiment includes an anode 1, a cathode 2, and an anode sheath 3. Anode 1 and cathode 2 are connected to the positive and negative poles of power supply 11, respectively. The cathode 2 and the anode 1 generate a high voltage arc by contact.

The anode 1 is a tubular body which is axially arranged along the front-back direction, and a hollow part of the tubular body forms a plasma arc generating cavity 1-5. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the anode 1 is divided into a front section 1-1, a middle section 1-2, and a rear section 1-3 from front to rear. The front section 1-1, the middle section 1-2 and the rear section 1-3 can be integrally arranged or can be separately arranged and then connected together.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inner surface of the front section 1-1 includes a tapered surface whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases from front to rear. The tapered surface forms a tapered flow channel. The tapered flow passage may mechanically compress the high voltage arc. In addition, the inner surface of the front section 1-1 further comprises a first cylindrical surface provided at the front end of the tapered surface at a short axial distance for cooperation with the end of the cathode 2.

The inner surface of the middle section 1-2 comprises a second cylindrical surface. The second cylindrical surface is coaxially connected with the rear end of the tapered surface of the front section 1-1. The diameter of the second cylindrical surface is the same as the diameter of the rear end of the tapered surface. In this embodiment, the tapered surface is a first conical surface having a gradually decreasing cross-sectional area disposed between the first cylindrical surface and the inner surface of the middle section 1-2.

The inner surface of the rear section 1-3 comprises a third cylindrical surface coaxial with the second cylindrical surface. The diameter of the third cylindrical surface is larger than that of the second cylindrical surface. As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of deflector holes 1-4 are opened at a third cylindrical surface of the rear section 1-3 of the anode 1.

The inner surface of the rear section 1-3 further comprises a transition surface connecting the second cylindrical surface and the third cylindrical surface. The transition surface is a second conical surface. The front end of the second conical surface is the same as the diameter of the second cylindrical surface and is coaxially connected with the second cylindrical surface. The rear end of the second conical surface is the same as the diameter of the third cylindrical surface and is coaxially connected with the third cylindrical surface. The transition surface may provide for a smoother flow of the medium gas stream as it flows from the second cylindrical surface to the third cylindrical surface.

The anode 1 is preferably made of a red copper material with better electric conductivity and heat conductivity.

As shown in fig. 1, the anode sheath 3 is fitted around the anode 1 and forms a cooling air chamber 13 around the anode 1. The cooling air chamber 13 has a first inlet 7 for compressed air.

As shown in fig. 1, the cathode 2 is located at the front end of the anode 1 and opposite the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5. The cathode 2 is provided at its periphery with a medium air chamber 12 communicating with the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5, the medium air chamber 12 having a second air inlet 10 for introducing a medium gas. In this embodiment, the medium air chamber 12 is formed by the inner chamber wall of the anode holder and the outer periphery of the cathode 2. The front end of the cathode 2 is positioned inside the first cylindrical surface of the front section 1-1 of the anode 1, and an annular medium airflow circulation port is formed between the front end of the cathode and the first cylindrical surface. The medium air chamber 12 communicates with the plasma arc generating chambers 1-5 through the medium air flow port. The second air inlet 10 is located at the front end of the medium air chamber and near the radially outer side. After the medium gas enters the medium air cavity 12, a rotational flow is formed in the medium air cavity 12 and then passes through the medium airflow circulation port. Thus, the medium gas that enters the plasma generation chamber 1-5 from the medium gas flow passage holes flows through the plasma generation chamber 1-5 in a swirling manner.

The plasma arc generating chamber 1-5 is the primary operating area of the plasma generator. As shown in fig. 2, after the medium gas and the high-voltage arc pass through the front section 1-1 and the middle section 1-2 of the anode 1, the anode arc root 5 is located at the rear part of the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5 in the rear section 1-3. The wind pressure within the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5 pushes the compressed high voltage arc away from the anode 1.

In this embodiment, the same gas is used as the compressed gas and the medium gas, and for example, both the compressed gas and the medium gas may be air.

The aforementioned plurality of deflector holes 1-4 serve to communicate the cooling air chamber 13 with the plasma arc generation chamber 1-5. The plurality of deflector holes 1-4 are arranged such that compressed gas entering the plasma arc generating chamber 1-5 through the deflector holes 1-4 forms an adherent swirling gas film 9 having a tangential velocity and a rearward axial velocity. The attached swirl air film 9 can provide stable arc air flow for the plasma generator while cooling the plasma generator.

The aperture, the number, the arrangement mode, the arrangement position and the length along the axial direction of the anode 1 of the diversion holes 1-4 can be set according to the thickness, the flow velocity, the direction, the size and the like of the adherent swirl air film 9 required by cooling and steady flow and the plasma generation cavity 1-5.

In this embodiment, a certain included angle is formed between the diversion holes 1-4 and the tangential plane of the inner surface of the anode 1 at the front-back direction and the diversion holes 1-4, so that the air flow entering the plasma arc generating cavity 1-5 through the diversion holes 1-4 forms an adherent swirl air film 9. The aperture of the pilot hole 1-4 and the angle between the pilot hole 1-4 and the tangential plane of the inner surface of the anode 1 at the pilot hole 1-4 are the main factors affecting the thickness of the adherent swirl gas film 9. The aperture of the deflector holes 1-4 and the pressure of the compressed gas are the main factors affecting the tangential velocity of the adherent swirling air film 9. The included angle between the diversion holes 1-4 and the front and back direction, the aperture of the diversion holes 1-4 and the pressure of the compressed gas are main factors influencing the backward axial speed of the attached swirl air film.

As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a plurality of deflector holes 1 to 4 form a plurality of deflector hole groups. The diversion holes 1-4 in the diversion hole groups are arranged along a spiral line track by taking the axis of the anode 1 as the center.

Because the spiral angle of the spiral track of the diversion hole group and the thickness of the side wall of the anode 1 are limited, in order to facilitate processing of the diversion holes 1-4, the pitch of the spiral track tends to be larger, a plurality of diversion hole groups are arranged, and the spiral track of the plurality of diversion hole groups is arranged in a multi-head manner, so that more diversion holes 4-1 can be arranged, and the high-speed advancing adherent swirl air film 9 is facilitated to be obtained, and the cooling and steady flow effects are facilitated to be improved.

In this embodiment, the downstream deflector holes 1-4 and the upstream deflector holes 1-4 of each two adjacent deflector holes 1-4 are arranged in a staggered manner along the spiral path.

In this embodiment, the spiral tracks are arranged with varying pitch. Specifically, the pitch of the spiral track gradually decreases from front to back. The arrangement is favorable for leading the diversion holes 1-4 to be distributed in a front sparse and a rear dense way, so that the diversion holes 1-4 are distributed more densely near the position of the anode arc root 5, and the adherence swirl air film 9 is favorable for rapidly taking heat near the position of the anode arc root 5 out of the anode 1, thereby better realizing the cooling function.

In other not shown embodiments, the spiral tracks may also be arranged at equal pitches.

The operation principle of the plasma generator of this embodiment is described below.

When the anode 1 and the cathode 2 are charged with constant current, the cathode 2 is firstly contacted with the anode 1 to generate high-frequency discharge, then slowly leaves the anode 1, and a high-voltage arc is generated between the cathode 2 and the anode 1. After a suitable distance is created between the cathode 2 and the anode 1, the cathode 2 is relatively stationary with respect to the anode 1. When the cathode 2 and the anode 1 are separated, the medium gas passes through the medium gas flow port in a cyclone mode, and a high-voltage arc is formed between the cathode 2 and the anode 1. The high-voltage arc is rotated into the plasma generation chamber 1-5 by the pushing of the dielectric gas. The high voltage arc is mechanically compressed as it passes over the tapered surface of the front section 1-1, forming a stable high voltage arc through the second cylindrical surface of the middle section 1-2.

Compressed gas is introduced into the cooling air chamber 13 from the first air inlet 7. Compressed gas in the cooling air cavity 13 enters the plasma generating cavity 1-5 in the third cylindrical surface of the rear section 1-3 through the diversion holes 1-4 to form an adherent cyclone air film 9 which rotates at a high speed and moves backwards. When the high-voltage arc passes through the cavity inside the attached swirl air film 9, the high-voltage arc is compressed again, and the compressed high-voltage arc plasma arc 4.

The inner surface of the side wall of the anode 1 is covered by an adherence swirl air film 9 rotating at high speed, the adherence swirl air film 9 is continuously updated and supplemented, and the heat carried by the high-voltage arc is difficult to transfer to the anode 1 under the action of the adherence swirl air film 9 and leaves the anode 1 together with the plasma arc 4, so that the purpose of cooling the anode 1 is achieved; because the wall-attached swirl air film 9 rotates at a high speed, the high-voltage arc also rotates at a high speed in the wall-attached swirl air film 9, and the local overheating phenomenon at the anode arc root 5 can be effectively relieved, so that the anode 1 can maintain better thermodynamic balance.

The adherence swirl air film 9 forms a stable discharge channel between the cathode and the anode of the plasma generator, the electric arc generated by the plasma generator is stabilized in the cavity of the adherence swirl air film 9, and the arc stabilizing air flow required by the plasma generator is provided for the plasma generator, so that the plasma generator is not easy to break the arc, the normal work of the plasma generator is ensured, and the energy conversion efficiency of the current is improved.

Although the above embodiments exemplify a contact type plasma generator, the present application is also applicable to a non-contact type plasma generator.

Based on the above description, the embodiments of the present application have at least one of the following technical effects:

the wall-attached rotational flow air film 9 provides the arc-stabilizing air flow required by the plasma generator, so that the plasma generator is not easy to break an arc, the normal work of the plasma generator is ensured, and the energy conversion efficiency of current is improved.

The wall-attached swirl air film 9 isolates the plasma arc 4 and plays a role in cooling the anode 1; the adherence swirl air film 9 can drive the anode arc root 5 to rotate on the inner wall of the anode 1 at a high speed, thereby effectively relieving the burning loss of the anode 1 due to local overheating.

The wall-attached swirl air film 9 compresses the plasma arc 4, improves the unit heat equivalent of the plasma arc 4, improves the heat efficiency and ensures the normal operation of the plasma generator.

Part of the gas of the attached swirl gas film 9 is introduced into ionization of the plasma arc 4, and an ionized layer is formed at the edge of the attached swirl gas film 9 contacted with the plasma arc 4, so that medium gas is beneficially supplemented.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same; while the application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the specific embodiments of the present application or equivalents may be substituted for part of the technical features thereof; without departing from the spirit of the application, it is intended to cover the scope of the application as claimed.

Claims

1. A plasma generator comprising an anode (1) and a cathode (2), characterized in that,

the anode (1) is a tubular body with an axis arranged along the front-back direction, a plasma arc generating cavity (1-5) is formed in the hollow part of the tubular body, a cooling air cavity (13) is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the anode (1), and the cooling air cavity (13) is provided with a first air inlet (7) for introducing compressed gas;

the cathode (2) is positioned at the front end of the anode (1) and is opposite to the plasma arc generation cavity (1-5), a medium air cavity (12) communicated with the plasma arc generation cavity (1-5) is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the cathode (2), and the medium air cavity (12) is provided with a second air inlet (10) for introducing medium gas;

the anode arc root is located the back end of positive pole (1), a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes (1-4) of intercommunication cooling air cavity (13) with chamber (1-5) are happened to plasma arc are seted up to the lateral wall of positive pole (1), a plurality of water conservancy diversion holes (1-4) set up to: the flow guide hole (1-4) is arranged at the rear section of the anode (1), and the compressed gas entering the plasma arc generation cavity (1-5) through the flow guide hole (1-4) forms an adherent swirl gas film (9) with tangential speed and backward axial speed.

2. The plasma generator of claim 1, wherein the plurality of deflector holes (1-4) form at least one deflector hole group, each deflector hole (1-4) within the deflector hole group being arranged along a spiral trajectory centered on the axis of the anode (1).

3. A plasma generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the pilot holes (1-4) form more than two of the pilot hole groups, the spiral track of each of the pilot hole groups being arranged multi-headed in the axial direction of the plasma anode (1).

4. The plasma generator of claim 2, wherein each of the pilot holes (1-4) in the set of pilot holes is arranged to: the downstream diversion holes (1-4) and the upstream diversion holes (1-4) of every two adjacent diversion holes (1-4) along the spiral track are arranged in a staggered way.

5. The plasma generator of claim 2, wherein the spiral track is arranged at equal pitch or at variable pitch.

6. The plasma generator of claim 5, wherein the pitch of the spiral track decreases gradually from front to back.

7. The plasma generator of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the angle between the gas flow out-flow direction of at least one of the pilot holes (1-4) and the front-rear direction is different from the angle between the gas flow out-flow direction of the remaining pilot holes (1-4) and the front-rear direction.

8. The plasma generator according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the inner diameter of the side wall of the portion of the anode (1) where the pilot hole (1-4) is provided is larger than the inner diameter of the side wall of the remaining portion of the anode (1).

9. The plasma generator of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the medium gas enters the plasma arc generating chamber (1-5) in a swirling manner.