CN109361000B - Integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system and process - Google Patents
Integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system and process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system and a process, the system comprises an air separation device, a gasification furnace, a synthetic gas purification device, a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator, a steam boiler, a steam turbine, a power generator and a heat exchanger which are connected through pipelines, the system adopts synthetic gas prepared by the reaction of coal and oxygen as a raw material, adopts the solid oxide fuel cell and the steam turbine to jointly generate power, and simultaneously outputs a certain amount of hot water, thereby solving the problems of corrosion and leakage of electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, saving investment and energy, and improving the heat efficiency of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells, and particularly relates to an integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system and process.
Background
The fuel cell power generation technology is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, and is divided into a high-temperature fuel cell and a low-temperature fuel cell according to the operating temperature of the fuel cell, wherein the high-temperature fuel cell includes a solid oxide fuel cell and a molten carbonate fuel cell, and the low-temperature fuel cell includes a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the like. Different from the traditional coal-fired power generation technology, the fuel cell adopts electrochemical catalysis to directly convert chemical energy in fuel into electric energy, does not have thermodynamic cycle in the process and is not limited by the heat engine Carnot cycle efficiency, so the power generation efficiency is higher. The high-temperature fuel cell and steam turbine combined power generation technology not only utilizes the fuel cell to generate power, but also burns the tail gas of the fuel cell to generate steam so as to push the steam turbine to do work and generate power, and the technology can further improve the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate. At present, the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell is about 45-65%, the combined power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and a steam turbine is about 55-75%, which far exceeds the power generation efficiency of a conventional coal-fired power plant (about 35%) and an advanced gas-steam combined cycle (about 45%), and the application of the fuel cell technology in the field of coal clean utilization is highly regarded by industrially developed countries at present.
An Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) power generation system is a new generation of advanced power generation technology combining a Gasification technology and a Fuel Cell power generation technology, and the power generation system is composed of three major systems, namely, a Gasification system, a gas purification system and a Fuel Cell power generation system. The IGFC power generation system organically combines the characteristics of high efficiency, cleanness, waste utilization, poly-generation, water conservation and the like, improves the power generation efficiency, solves the problem of environmental pollution, and is considered as a clean coal power generation technology with the most development prospect in the 21 st century. The IGFC is combined with the steam turbine to realize combined power generation, so that the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate can be further improved.
Patent CN201410608387.9 discloses an integrated coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generation system, which combines coal gasification technology with molten carbonate fuel cell power generation and air turbine power generation, and the power generation efficiency can reach more than 50%. The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) has a working temperature of 600-700 ℃ and an electrolyte of Molten Li2CO3And K2CO3The mixture and the liquid electrolyte are difficult to manage under high temperature conditions, the electrolyte is seriously corroded and leaked in the long-term operation process, and the service life of the molten carbonate fuel cell is shortened. According to the operating principle of molten carbonate fuel cells, CO2Must be cycled, i.e. from the anodeDischarged CO2To remove H by catalysis2After the treatment, the mixture is mixed with air according to a certain proportion and sent to a cathode, and CO is added2The cycling adds complexity to the molten carbonate fuel cell system architecture and control. And the air turbine using air as working medium has low power generation efficiency, which is not beneficial to the recycling of heat of the high-temperature fuel cell system.
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is also a high-temperature Fuel Cell, and the working temperature is 700-1000 ℃. Compared with a molten carbonate fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell has the following characteristics: (1) the ceramic material is used as the electrolyte, the cathode and the anode, and has an all-solid structure, so that the problems of corrosion and leakage of the electrolyte are solved; (2) synthesis gas (main components of CO and H) prepared by coal gasification2) Can be directly used as fuel without carbon monoxide conversion and carbon dioxide removal processes; (3) the working temperature and the exhaust temperature are higher, and more waste heat can be used; (4) and the tolerance of impurities is higher, and the method is more suitable for being combined with the coal gasification technology. Therefore, solid oxide fuel cells and technologies for their use in combination with steam turbines and gas turbines are generally considered to be widely used in the future.
Patent CN02111642.3 discloses a solid oxide fuel cell steam turbine combined power generation system using natural gas as fuel, patent CN201310269160.1 discloses a solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine-lithium bromide refrigeration unit combined cold, heat and electricity combined supply system using coke oven gas as fuel, but natural gas and coke oven gas do not conform to the national situation of using coal as main energy in china.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the prior art of the integrated coal gasification fuel cell, the invention provides an integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system, the system adopts synthesis gas prepared by coal gasification as fuel, adopts the solid oxide fuel cell and the steam turbine to jointly generate power, can output a certain amount of hot water besides power generation, realizes cogeneration, avoids the problems of corrosion and leakage of electrolyte of a molten carbonate fuel cell, and improves the heat utilization rate of the system.
The invention relates to an integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system, which comprises an air separation device for separating oxygen and nitrogen in air, a gasification furnace with an oxygen inlet and a coal inlet for generating coal gasification reaction between coal and oxygen to generate synthesis gas, a synthesis gas purification device for purifying the synthesis gas, a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation of anode tail gas, a steam boiler for generating heat by reacting the anode tail gas with cathode tail gas and preheating the oxygen and generating steam, a steam turbine, a generator and a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger for exchanging heat,
wherein, the gas inlet of the air separation device is connected with an air input pipeline, the oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device is divided into two branch pipes, one branch pipe is connected with the oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace, the synthesis gas output pipeline of the gasification furnace is connected with the high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger, the high-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the synthesis gas purification device through a pipeline, the synthesis gas purification device is connected with the low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger, the low-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the low-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger through a pipeline, the low-temperature gas outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell through a pipeline, the anode tail gas output pipeline of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with the high-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger, the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the anode tail gas inlet of the steam boiler through a pipeline,
the other branch pipe which is branched from the oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device is connected with an oxygen inlet of a steam boiler, the oxygen output pipeline of the steam boiler is connected with a low-temperature gas inlet of a third heat exchanger, a low-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with a cathode inlet of a solid oxide fuel cell through a pipeline, a cathode tail gas outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with a high-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger, a high-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger returns to be connected with a cathode tail gas inlet of the steam boiler after passing through a fourth heat exchanger through a pipeline, a steam output pipeline of the steam boiler is connected with a steam inlet of a steam turbine, and the steam turbine is connected with.
Further, the synthesis gas purification device comprises a particulate matter removal device, a desulfurization device and a mercury removal device which are sequentially connected through a gas transmission pipeline.
Preferably, the particulate matter removing device is a bag type dust collector or an electric dust collector, and removes the particulate matters in the synthesis gas to ensure that the content of the particulate matters is less than 200mg/Nm3Preferably less than 100mg/Nm3。
The desulfurization unit is preferably a unit employing a low temperature methanol process or NHD process well known in the art such that the total sulfur content at the outlet is less than 1ppm, preferably less than 0.5 ppm. The mercury removing device preferably removes mercury in the synthesis gas by an activated carbon method so that the mercury content in the outlet gas is lower than 0.03mg/Nm3Preferably less than 0.01mg/Nm3。
Further, the first heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger for realizing heat exchange between the synthesis gas and the purified gas, the second heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and the purified gas, and the third heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and oxygen.
Further, a high-temperature gas inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to a high-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger, and a low-temperature liquid inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to a cold water pipe, preferably a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the solid oxide fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, wherein the anode and the cathode are respectively arranged on two sides of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte, the cathode and the anode are made of ceramics and have all-solid-state structures, so that the problems of corrosion and leakage of the electrolyte are avoided. The synthesis gas and oxygen generate electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell to output electric energy, and the working temperature of the fuel cell is 700-1000 ℃.
Further, the gasification furnace is provided with a solid coal inlet.
Further, the gas-liquid separator is provided with a hot water outlet.
Further, the condensed water output pipe of the steam turbine is returned to be connected with the cold water inlet of the steam boiler.
The separation of nitrogen and oxygen is preferably achieved by a cryogenic process in an air separation plant.
In the gasification furnace, the main component of the synthesis gas generated by coal gasification reaction of coal and oxygen is H2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S and the like.
The invention further provides an integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell power generation process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) introducing air into an air separation device, separating oxygen from nitrogen in the air separation device, wherein the oxygen is divided into two parts through an oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device, one part of the oxygen enters a gasification furnace and carries out coal gasification reaction with coal to generate synthetic gas, the temperature of the synthetic gas output from the gasification furnace is, for example, 800-: 30-70V%, H2：5～30V％，CO2：5～15V％，H2O：0～15V％，CH4：0～5V％、H2S: 0-8V%, reducing the temperature of the synthesis gas to below 100 ℃, for example, 50-100 ℃ after the synthesis gas enters the first heat exchanger through a high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger for heat exchange, then outputting the synthesis gas from a high-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger, and then entering a particulate matter removing device (for example, a bag type dust collector or an electric dust collector) to enable the content of the particulate matter to be lower than 200mg/Nm3Preferably less than 100mg/Nm3(ii) a And then passed into a desulfurization unit (using a low temperature methanol process or NHD process well known in the art) to provide a total sulfur concentration of less than 1ppm, preferably less than 0.5 ppm; then the gas is introduced into a mercury removal device (for example, activated carbon is used) to remove mercury in the synthesis gas, so that the mercury content in the gas is lower than 0.03mg/Nm3Preferably less than 0.01mg/Nm3The purified synthesis gas returns to the first heat exchanger through the low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger to perform heat exchange with the high-temperature unpurified synthesis gas to raise the temperature to 450-550 ℃, further about 500 ℃, and then passes through the first heat exchangerThe low-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger enters the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell (for example, the temperature is raised to 600-800 ℃, further 650-750 ℃, for example, about 700 ℃) and then enters the anode of the fuel cell,
meanwhile, the other oxygen separated from the oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device enters the steam boiler through the low-temperature gas inlet of the steam boiler to obtain the heat of combustion of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell, the temperature is raised to 400-800 ℃ such as about 450 ℃, then the heat is introduced into the third heat exchanger through the low-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell, the temperature is raised to 600-800 ℃, further 650-750 ℃ such as about 700 ℃ and then the heat enters the cathode of the fuel cell,
(2) the temperature of anode tail gas output from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell is 800-900 ℃, further about 850 ℃, the anode tail gas enters a second heat exchanger through a high-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the purified synthesis gas and reduce the temperature (for example, to below about 100 ℃, further about 50-100 ℃) and then enters a gas-liquid separator, hot water separated from the anode tail gas in the gas-liquid separator is output as a product, and CO and H in the separated gas phase are output2The exhaust gas enters a steam boiler through a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, the temperature of the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell is 800-;
(3) steam generated by the steam boiler enters the steam turbine through a steam output pipeline of the steam boiler to drive the steam turbine to rotate, and the steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity through the transmission shaft.
Wherein the ratio of the amount of oxygen introduced into the gasification furnace to the amount of coal is 300-1000 Nm3 oxygen/ton dry coal, the ratio of the oxygen entering the gasification furnace to the oxygen entering the catalytic combustor ranges from 1:30 to 1:10, further for example 1:25 to 1:15, and the volume ratio of the synthesis gas entering the anode to the oxygen entering the cathode ranges from 1:5 to 1:15, further for example 1:8 to 1: 12.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the solid oxide fuel cell is adopted as a power generation unit, the fuel cell adopts ceramic materials as the electrolyte, the cathode and the anode, has an all-solid structure, and avoids the problems of corrosion and leakage of the electrolyte of the molten carbonate fuel cell;
(2) the purified synthesis gas can be directly used as the fuel of the solid oxide fuel cell, a water-vapor conversion device, a decarbonization device, a catalyst and the like are omitted, and the investment is saved;
(3) the solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation is adopted to further improve the power generation efficiency and the energy utilization rate;
(4) the heat exchanger is utilized to fully recover the heat of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the gasification furnace, the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell to heat the synthesis gas at the inlet of the fuel cell and the oxygen, so that the energy consumption is saved, and the heat efficiency of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, an integrated coal gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system of the present invention includes an air separation unit 1 for separating oxygen and nitrogen in air, a gasification furnace 2 having an oxygen inlet and a coal inlet for generating a coal gasification reaction of coal and oxygen to generate a synthesis gas, a synthesis gas purification unit for purifying the synthesis gas, a solid oxide fuel cell 7, a gas-liquid separator 9 for gas-liquid separating anode off-gas, a steam boiler 10 for reacting the anode off-gas with cathode off-gas to generate heat and preheat oxygen and generate steam, a steam turbine 13, a generator 14, and first, second, third, and fourth 3, 8, 11, 12 heat exchangers for exchanging heat, wherein the gas inlet of the air separation unit 1 is connected to an air input pipe, the oxygen output pipe of the air separation unit 1 is divided into two branch pipes, a branch pipe is connected with an oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace 2, a synthesis gas output pipeline of the gasification furnace 2 is connected with a high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, a high-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a synthesis gas purification device through a pipeline, the synthesis gas is returned to be connected with a low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 after being discharged from the synthesis gas purification device, a low-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with a low-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger 8 through a pipeline, a low-temperature gas outlet of the second heat exchanger 8 is connected with an anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 through a pipeline, an anode tail gas output pipeline of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is connected with a high-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger 8, a high-temperature gas outlet of the second heat exchanger 8 is connected with a gas inlet of,
the other branch pipe branched from the oxygen output pipe of the air separation plant 1 is connected to the oxygen inlet of the steam boiler 10, the oxygen output pipe of the steam boiler 10 is connected to the low-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger 11, the low-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger 11 is connected to the cathode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 through a pipe, the cathode tail gas outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is connected to the high-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger 11, the high-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger 11 is returned to the cathode tail gas inlet of the steam boiler 10 after passing through the fourth heat exchanger 12 through a pipe, the steam output pipe of the steam boiler 10 is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine 13, and the steam turbine 13 drives the.
Furthermore, the synthesis gas purification device comprises a particulate matter removal device 4, a desulphurization device 5 and a mercury removal device 6 which are connected in sequence through a gas transmission pipeline,
preferably, the particulate removing device 4 is a bag filter or an electric dust collector, and removes the particulate in the synthesis gas so that the particulate containsIn an amount of less than 200mg/Nm3Preferably less than 100mg/Nm3。
Further, the first heat exchanger 3 is a plate heat exchanger for realizing heat exchange between synthesis gas and purified gas, the second heat exchanger 8 is a plate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 and purified gas, and the third heat exchanger 11 is a plate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 and oxygen.
Further, a high-temperature gas inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 12 is connected to a high-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger 11, and a low-temperature liquid inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 12 is connected to a cold water pipe, preferably a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
Further, the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is composed of an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, wherein the anode and the cathode are respectively arranged on two sides of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte, the cathode and the anode are made of ceramics and have all-solid-state structures, so that the problems of corrosion and leakage of the electrolyte are avoided. The synthesis gas and the oxygen generate electrochemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell 7 to output electric energy, and the working temperature of the fuel cell is 700-1000 ℃.
Further, the gasification furnace 2 is provided with a solid coal inlet.
Further, the gas-liquid separator 9 is provided with a hot water outlet.
Further, the condensed water output pipe of the steam turbine 13 is returned to the cold water inlet connected to the steam boiler 10.
The separation of nitrogen from oxygen is preferably achieved by cryogenic cooling in the air separation unit 1.
In the gasification furnace 2, the main component of the synthesis gas generated by the coal gasification reaction of coal and oxygen is H2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S and the like.
The invention further provides an integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) air is introduced into an air separation device 1, oxygen and nitrogen are separated in the air separation device 1, the oxygen is divided into two parts through an oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device 1, one part enters a gasification furnace 2 and carries out coal gasification reaction with coal to generate synthetic gas, the temperature of the synthetic gas output from the gasification furnace 2 is 800-: 30-70V%, H2：5～30V％，CO2：5～15V％，H2O：0～15V％，CH4：0～5V％、H2S: 0-8V%. The synthesis gas enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange, the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃, and then the synthesis gas is output from the high-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 and enters the electric dust collector, so that the content of particulate matters is lower than 200mg/Nm3(ii) a Then introducing into a desulfurization device, and using a low-temperature methanol method to ensure that the total sulfur concentration is lower than 1 ppm; then the mercury in the synthesis gas is removed by active carbon through a mercury removing device, so that the mercury content in the gas is lower than 0.03mg/Nm3The purified synthesis gas returns to enter the first heat exchanger 3 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, and exchanges heat with the high-temperature unpurified synthesis gas to raise the temperature to 550-,
meanwhile, the other oxygen separated from the oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device 1 enters the steam boiler 10 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the steam boiler 10 to obtain the heat of the combustion of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7, the temperature is raised to about 400-plus-one 500 ℃, then the heat is sent into the third heat exchanger 11 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell, the temperature is raised to 650-plus-one 750 ℃ and then the heat enters the cathode of the fuel cell,
(2) the synthesis gas and oxygen react chemically in the solid oxide fuel cell 7 to output electric energy, and the anode tail gas output from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 has a temperature of800-900 ℃, enters the second heat exchanger 8 through the high-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger 8, exchanges heat with the purified synthesis gas, reduces the temperature to be below 100 ℃, enters the gas-liquid separator 9, outputs hot water separated from anode tail gas in the gas-liquid separator 9 as a product, and separates CO and H in the gas phase2The gas passes through the gas-liquid separator 9 and enters the steam boiler 10. The temperature of the fuel cell cathode tail gas is 800-.
(3) Steam generated by the steam boiler 10 enters the steam turbine 13 through a steam output pipeline of the steam boiler 10 to drive the steam turbine 13 to rotate, the steam turbine 13 drives the generator 14 to generate electricity through a transmission shaft, and condensed water of the steam turbine 13 returns to the steam boiler 10 through a condensed water output pipeline, so that the steam is recycled.
Example 1
(1)41750Nm3The/min air is introduced into the air separation plant 1, oxygen and nitrogen are separated in the air separation plant 1, and the oxygen is divided into two parts and one part (the flow rate is 350Nm & lt/EN & gt) through an oxygen output pipeline of the air separation plant 13Min) enters the gasification furnace 2 to perform coal gasification reaction with 0.6t/min coal to generate synthesis gas, the temperature of the synthesis gas output from the gasification furnace 2 is 800-: 30-70V%, H2：5～30V％，CO2：5～15V％，H2O：0～15V％，CH4：0～5V％、H2S: 0-8V%. The synthesis gas enters the first heat exchanger 3 through the high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 for heat exchange, the temperature is reduced to be below 100 ℃, and then the synthesis gas is output from the high-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 and enters the electric dust collector 4, so that the content of particulate matters is lower than 200mg/Nm3(ii) a Then the mixture is introduced into a desulphurization device 5, and the total sulfur concentration is lower than 1ppm by using a low-temperature methanol method; then the mercury is introduced into a mercury removing device 6,removing mercury in the synthesis gas by using activated carbon to ensure that the mercury content in the gas is lower than 0.03mg/Nm3Purified syngas (1000 Nm)3Min) and then returns to enter the first heat exchanger 3 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger 3 to perform heat exchange with high-temperature unpurified synthesis gas to raise the temperature to about 500 ℃, then enters the second heat exchanger 8 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger 8 to perform heat exchange with anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7, raises the temperature to about 700 ℃ and then enters the anode of the fuel cell,
at the same time, another oxygen stream (8000 Nm) is branched from the oxygen output line of the air separation plant 13Min) enters the steam boiler 10 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the steam boiler 10 to obtain the heat of combustion of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell 7, the temperature is raised to about 450 ℃, then enters the third heat exchanger 11 through the low-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger 11 to exchange heat with the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell, the temperature is raised to about 700 ℃ and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell,
(2) the synthesis gas and oxygen are subjected to chemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell 7 to output electric energy, the temperature of anode tail gas output from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 7 is 800-900 ℃, the anode tail gas enters the second heat exchanger 8 through the high-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the purified synthesis gas and reduce the temperature to be below 100 ℃, the anode tail gas enters the gas-liquid separator 9, hot water separated from the anode tail gas in the gas-liquid separator 9 is output as a product, and CO and H in the separated gas phase are output2The gas passes through the gas-liquid separator 9 and enters the steam boiler 10. The temperature of the fuel cell cathode tail gas is 800-.
(3) Steam generated by the steam boiler 10 enters the steam turbine 13 through a steam output pipeline of the steam boiler 10 to drive the steam turbine 13 to rotate, the steam turbine 13 drives the generator 14 to generate electricity through a transmission shaft, and condensed water of the steam turbine 13 returns to the steam boiler 10 through a condensed water output pipeline, so that the steam is recycled.
Claims (11)
1. An integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell-steam turbine combined power generation system, characterized in that: the gasification furnace comprises an air separation device for separating oxygen and nitrogen in air, a gasification furnace which is provided with an oxygen inlet and a coal inlet and can enable coal and oxygen to generate coal gasification reaction to generate synthesis gas, a synthesis gas purification device for purifying the synthesis gas, a solid oxide fuel cell, a gas-liquid separator for performing gas-liquid separation on anode tail gas, a steam boiler which enables the anode tail gas to react with cathode tail gas to generate heat and preheat oxygen and generate steam, a steam turbine, a generator and a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger and a fourth heat exchanger for exchanging heat, wherein the gas inlet of the air separation device is connected with an air input pipeline, an oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device is divided into two branch pipes, one branch pipe is connected with the oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace, the synthesis gas output pipeline of the gasification furnace is connected with a high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger, and a high-temperature gas outlet, the synthesis gas is returned to be connected with the low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger after being discharged out of the synthesis gas purification device, the low-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the low-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger through a pipeline, the low-temperature gas outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell through a pipeline, the anode tail gas output pipeline of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with the high-temperature gas inlet of the second heat exchanger, the high-temperature gas outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with the gas inlet of the gas-liquid separator through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is,
the other branch pipe which is branched from the oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device is connected with an oxygen inlet of a steam boiler, the oxygen output pipeline of the steam boiler is connected with a low-temperature gas inlet of a third heat exchanger, a low-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with a cathode inlet of a solid oxide fuel cell through a pipeline, a cathode tail gas outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected with a high-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger, a high-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger returns to be connected with a cathode tail gas inlet of the steam boiler after passing through a fourth heat exchanger through a pipeline, a steam output pipeline of the steam boiler is connected with a steam inlet of a steam turbine, and the.
2. The power generation system of claim 1, wherein: the synthesis gas purification device comprises a particulate matter removal device, a desulfurization device and a mercury removal device which are sequentially connected through a gas transmission pipeline.
3. The power generation system of claim 2, wherein: the particulate matter removing device is a bag type dust collector or an electric dust collector and is used for removing particulate matters in the synthesis gas.
4. The power generation system of claim 1, wherein: the first heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger for realizing heat exchange between synthesis gas and purified gas, the second heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between anode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and the purified gas, and the third heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger for exchanging heat between cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell and oxygen.
5. The power generation system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: and a high-temperature gas inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to a high-temperature gas outlet of the third heat exchanger, a low-temperature liquid inlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the cold water pipe, and the fourth heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.
6. The power generation system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the solid oxide fuel cell consists of an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, wherein the anode and the cathode are respectively arranged on two sides of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte, the cathode and the anode are made of ceramics and have all-solid-state structures.
7. The power generation system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the gasification furnace is provided with a solid coal inlet.
8. The power generation system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the gas-liquid separator is provided with a hot water outlet.
9. The power generation system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: and a condensed water output pipeline of the steam turbine returns to be connected with a cold water inlet of the steam boiler.
10. An integrated gasification solid oxide fuel cell power generation process comprises the following steps:
(1) air is introduced into an air separation device, oxygen and nitrogen are separated in the air separation device, the oxygen is divided into two parts through an oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device, one part of the oxygen enters a gasification furnace and coal is subjected to coal gasification reaction to generate synthetic gas, the temperature of the synthetic gas output from the gasification furnace is 800-900 ℃, the synthetic gas enters a first heat exchanger through a high-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger for heat exchange, the temperature is reduced to be lower than 100 ℃, and then the synthetic gas enters a particulate matter removing device after being output from a high-temperature gas outlet of the first heat exchanger, so that the content of particulate matters is lower than 200mg3(ii) a Then introducing into a desulfurization device to ensure that the total sulfur concentration is lower than 1 ppm; then the mercury in the synthesis gas is removed by a mercury removing device, so that the mercury content in the gas is lower than 0.03mg/Nm3The purified synthesis gas returns to enter the first heat exchanger through the low-temperature gas inlet of the first heat exchanger to perform heat exchange with the synthesis gas output from the gasification furnace to raise the temperature to 550-,
meanwhile, the other strand of oxygen separated from the oxygen output pipeline of the air separation device enters a steam boiler through a low-temperature gas inlet of the steam boiler to obtain the heat of combustion of the anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas of the solid oxide fuel cell to raise the temperature to 400-plus-500 ℃, then enters a third heat exchanger through a low-temperature gas inlet of the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cathode tail gas of the fuel cell, and enters the cathode of the fuel cell after the temperature is raised to 600-plus-800 ℃,
(2) the purified synthesis gas and oxygen are subjected to chemical reaction in the solid oxide fuel cell to output electric energy, the temperature of anode tail gas output from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell is 800-2The gas enters a steam boiler through a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator; the temperature of the fuel cell cathode tail gas is 800-;
(3) steam generated by the steam boiler enters the steam turbine through a steam output pipeline of the steam boiler to drive the steam turbine to rotate, and the steam turbine drives the generator to generate electricity through the transmission shaft.
11. The power generation process according to claim 10, wherein the ratio of the amount of oxygen introduced into the gasification furnace to the amount of coal is 300 to 1000Nm3The ratio of oxygen entering the gasification furnace to oxygen entering the catalytic combustor is 1: 30-1: 10, and the volume ratio of the synthesis gas entering the anode to the oxygen entering the cathode is 1: 5-1: 15.
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| CN114566687B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-01-23 | 徐州华清京昆能源有限公司 | Power generation system of solid oxide fuel cell |
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