CN109372636B - Three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and method with zero carbon emission - Google Patents
Three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and method with zero carbon emission Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
- F02C3/26—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension
- F02C3/28—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being solid or pulverulent, e.g. in slurry or suspension using a separate gas producer for gasifying the fuel before combustion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0643—Gasification of solid fuel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and a method with zero carbon emission, wherein the three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system comprises a coal preparation unit, a gasification furnace, a waste heat boiler, a circulating gas compressor, a first gas heater, a water scrubber, a second gas heater, a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor, a desulfurization unit, a humidifier, an ejector, a fuel cell, a pure oxygen combustor, a gas turbine, an air compressor, a cathode regenerator, an air turbine, a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a first carbon dioxide compressor, a second carbon dioxide compressor, a cryogenic air separation unit and an oxygen compressor, wherein the first fuel cell power generation system generates power, the second fuel cell power generation system generates power by the gas turbine, the third fuel cell power generation system generates power by the steam engine, and the step utilization of energy is realized to the greatest extent in two aspects of chemical energy and physical energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clean coal power generation, and particularly relates to a three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system and method with zero carbon emission.
Background
Coal is the most important basic energy source in China, and the position of the coal is not changed in a quite long period in the future. The coal-fired power generation technology in China makes great progress through more than ten years of efforts, the power supply coal consumption of a million kilowatt secondary reheating ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generator set can reach 265 g/kilowatt hour, the emission index of pollutants is continuously improved in international leading position, and the ultra-low emission pollutant control technology can control main pollutants of the coal-fired unit at the emission level of natural gas combined cycle power generation. The first 25 kilowatt-scale integrated gasification combined cycle IGCC demonstration power station is built and put into production in 2012 in China, the net efficiency is designed to be 41%, the environment-friendly performance of the actual operation of the power station can reach or even be superior to the emission level of the natural gas combined cycle power generation, and the near zero emission of conventional pollutants can be realized.
The carbon dioxide emission standard of the current published power generation technology of the environmental protection agency in the United states is 636 g CO 2 /kWh. Through measurement and calculation, the carbon emission index is difficult to reach by the ultra-supercritical coal-fired generator set and the IGCC in the prior art. This means that coal-based power generation technologies still need to further improve net efficiency or carbon dioxide capture. The 700 ℃ advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit and the high-parameter IGCC can greatly improve the net efficiency of the coal-based power generation technology, but the 700 ℃ advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit has a bottleneck problem in realizing commercial demonstration. Carbon dioxide capture using existing or recently viable technologies will not only greatly increase equipment investment, but also significantly reduce power generation efficiency.
The IGFC is a power generation system combining the IGCC and a high-temperature fuel cell, the energy conversion efficiency is not limited by the Carnot cycle efficiency, the coal electric efficiency can be greatly improved, the near zero emission of pollutants and carbon dioxide is easy to realize, and the IGFC is an important development direction of clean coal power generation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and method with zero carbon emission, which solve the defect that the carbon emission index is difficult to reach in the existing ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation unit and IGCC.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission, which comprises a coal preparation unit, a gasification furnace, a waste heat boiler, a circulating gas compressor, a first gas heater, a water scrubber, a second gas heater, a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor, a desulfurization unit, a humidifier, an ejector, a fuel cell, a pure oxygen combustor, a gas turbine, an air compressor, a cathode regenerator, an air turbine, a waste heat boiler, a turbine, a first carbon dioxide compressor, a second carbon dioxide compressor, a cryogenic air separation unit and an oxygen compressor, wherein an outlet of the coal preparation unit is connected with a coal dust inlet of the gasification furnace, a high-temperature crude synthesis gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace is connected with a waste heat boiler inlet, a saturated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with an inlet of the waste heat boiler, a crude synthesis gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with an inlet of the circulating gas compressor and a hot side inlet of the first gas heater, and a low-temperature synthesis gas outlet of the circulating gas compressor is connected with an inlet of the waste heat boiler;
the hot side outlet of the first gas heater is connected with the hot side inlet of the second gas heater through the water scrubber, the hot side outlet of the second gas heater is connected with the cold side inlet of the second gas heater through the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor, the cold side outlet of the second gas heater is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization unit, the outlet of the desulfurization unit is connected with the cold side inlet of the first gas heater through the humidifier, the cold side outlet of the first gas heater is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell through the ejector, and the anode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the inlet of the ejector and the inlet of the pure oxygen burner;
the pure oxygen inlet of the pure oxygen burner is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen compressor, the outlet of the pure oxygen burner is connected with the gas turbine, and the tail gas outlet of the gas turbine is connected with the waste heat boiler;
the outlet of the air compressor is connected with the cold side inlet of the cathode regenerator, the cold side outlet of the cathode regenerator is connected with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, the cathode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with the hot side inlet of the cathode regenerator, the hot side outlet of the cathode regenerator is connected with the inlet of the air turbine, and the tail gas outlet of the air turbine is connected with the waste heat boiler;
the outlet of the air compressor is also connected with the inlet of the cryogenic air separation unit, and the oxygen outlet of the cryogenic air separation unit is connected with the inlet of the oxygen compressor; the pure oxygen outlet of the oxygen compressor is connected with the oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace;
the high-pressure superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with a steam turbine, and the partial medium-pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace.
Preferably, a second carbon dioxide compressor is arranged between the combustion tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler and the ejector, and the inlet of the ejector is also connected with a part of medium-pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine.
Preferably, a first carbon dioxide compressor is arranged between the combustion tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler and the gasification furnace.
Preferably, the combustion tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is also connected with an inlet of a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger, and an outlet of the first waste heat recovery heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of the multistage compressor; the outlet of the multistage compressor is connected with a liquid carbon dioxide liquid storage tank.
Preferably, the raw synthesis gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with a dust removal unit, which is connected to the inlet of the recycle gas compressor and the hot side inlet of the first gas heater.
Preferably, the desulfurization unit is provided with a waste water outlet and an exhaust gas outlet, wherein the waste water outlet and the exhaust gas outlet are respectively connected with the water treatment unit and the sulfur recovery unit.
Preferably, the cold side outlet of the second gas heater is sequentially connected with a low-temperature waste heat recovery unit and a synthesis gas cooler, wherein the outlet of the synthesis gas cooler is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization unit.
Preferably, a second waste heat recovery heat exchanger is arranged between the outlet of the air compressor and the inlet of the cryogenic air separation unit.
A three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation method with zero carbon emission is based on a three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission, and comprises the following steps:
grinding coal in a coal preparation unit, drying to form dry coal dust, conveying the dry coal dust into a gasification furnace, simultaneously conveying part of pure oxygen at an outlet of an oxygen compressor and a small amount of medium-pressure steam extracted from the middle part of a steam turbine into the gasification furnace for reaction, and conveying high-temperature crude synthesis gas generated at the top of the gasification furnace and low-temperature synthesis gas at an outlet of a circulating gas compressor into a waste heat boiler after mixing and chilling; saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is sent into the waste heat boiler for further heating;
part of the crude synthetic gas after waste heat recovery of the waste heat boiler is sent to an inlet of a circulating gas compressor, the other part of the synthetic gas is sent to a hot side inlet of a first gas heater for cooling, the cooled synthetic gas is sent to a water scrubber, the synthetic gas at an outlet of the water scrubber is sent to a hot side inlet of a second gas heater, the cooled synthetic gas is further sent to a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor, then the cooled synthetic gas is sent to a cold side inlet of the second gas heater, the synthetic gas is sent to a desulfurization unit after reheating, and clean synthetic gas generated by the desulfurization unit is sent to a humidifier for humidification and then sent to the cold side of the first gas heater;
the cold side outlet of the first gas heater is connected with the inlet of the ejector, the ejector ejects part of tail gas of the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the synthesis gas of the outlet of the ejector enters the anode of the fuel cell to react;
the rest tail gas of the anode outlet of the fuel cell enters a pure oxygen burner to carry out catalytic combustion reaction with part of pure oxygen at the outlet of an oxygen compressor, so as to generate combustion tail gas, and the combustion tail gas is sent to a waste heat boiler after being subjected to work by a gas turbine;
one air is pressurized by a cathode air compressor, a part of the air is sent to a cold side inlet of a cathode heat regenerator, high-temperature air at a cold side outlet is sent to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell, the air is sent to a hot side inlet of the cathode heat regenerator after being reacted in the fuel cell, and is sent to an air turbine after being cooled, and the air turbine is driven to rotate for acting and then is sent to a waste heat boiler;
the other part of air at the outlet of the cathode air compressor is sent to a cryogenic air separation unit, an argon separation process is arranged in the cryogenic air separation unit, and high-purity oxygen generated by the cryogenic air separation unit is sent to an inlet of an oxygen compressor;
the waste heat boiler recovers the gas turbine and the air turbine to remove the back heat of the tail gas, and meanwhile, the saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is superheated, and the high-pressure superheated steam generated by the waste heat boiler is sent to the steam turbine to do work.
Preferably, the three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission comprises a first carbon dioxide compressor, a second carbon dioxide compressor, a carbon dioxide multistage compressor and a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger, wherein,
the combustion tail gas of the waste heat boiler is cooled and then divided into three streams, and the first stream is sent into the gasification furnace through a first carbon dioxide compressor; the second stream is sent to an ejector through a second carbon dioxide compressor; and the third strand is sent to a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger for condensation cooling and moisture removal, and then sent to a carbon dioxide multistage compressor to form high-purity liquid carbon dioxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission is provided with a three-cycle power generation system, wherein the first power generation system is used for generating power by a fuel cell, the second power generation system is used for generating power by a gas turbine, and the third power generation system is used for generating power by a steam engine, so that the cascade utilization of energy is realized to the greatest extent in two aspects of chemical energy and physical energy; meanwhile, the system omits a CO water vapor shift reaction unit, simplifies the flow of the power generation system, simultaneously avoids the great reduction of the heat value of the synthetic gas caused by the CO water vapor shift reaction process, and improves the net power generation efficiency of the system; the system adopts CO for conveying pulverized coal 2 Gas and pure oxygen transport, and CO 2 The gas and pure oxygen have very little content of other components except water, so most of the combustion tail gas of the fuel cell except water vapor is CO 2 After the gas is expanded and cooled, a purification device is not needed, and high-purity CO can be generated 2 And (5) a product.
A three-cycle integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation method with zero carbon emission is provided, wherein the three-cycle power generation method is characterized in that the first power generation method is used for generating power by a fuel cell, the second power generation method is used for generating power by a gas turbine, the third power generation method is used for generating power by a steam engine, and the two aspects of chemical energy and physical energy are maximally realizedThe cascade utilization of energy is realized; meanwhile, the system omits a CO water vapor shift reaction unit, simplifies the flow of the power generation system, simultaneously avoids the great reduction of the heat value of the synthetic gas caused by the CO water vapor shift reaction process, and improves the net power generation efficiency of the system; the system adopts CO for conveying pulverized coal 2 Gas and pure oxygen transport, and CO 2 The gas and pure oxygen have very little content of other components except water, so most of the combustion tail gas of the fuel cell except water vapor is CO 2 After the gas is expanded and cooled, a purification device is not needed, and high-purity CO can be generated 2 And (5) a product.
Furthermore, pure oxygen generated by the air separation unit is high in oxygen purity due to the arrangement of an argon separation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system in accordance with the present invention;
wherein 1, a coal preparation unit 2, a gasification furnace 3, a waste heat boiler 4, a dust removal unit 5, a recycle gas compressor 6, a first gas heater 7, a water scrubber 8, a second gas heater 9, a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor 10, a waste heat recovery unit 11, a synthesis gas cooler 12, a desulfurization unit 13, a humidifier 14, a water treatment unit 15, a sulfur recovery unit 16, an ejector 17, a fuel cell 18, a pure oxygen burner 19, a gas turbine 20, an air compressor 21, a first heat recovery heat exchanger 22, a cathode heat regenerator 23, an air turbine 24, a waste heat boiler 25, a steam turbine 26, a first carbon dioxide compressor 27, a second carbon dioxide compressor 28, a second waste heat recovery heat exchanger 29, a carbon dioxide multistage compressor 30, a cryogenic air separation unit 31, and an oxygen compressor
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission provided by the invention comprises a coal preparation unit 1, a gasification furnace 2, a waste heat boiler 3, a dust removal unit 4, a circulating gas compressor 5, a first gas heater 6, a water scrubber 7, a second gas heater 8, a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor 9, a waste heat recovery unit 10, a synthesis gas cooler 11, a desulfurization unit 12, a humidifier 13, a water treatment unit 14, a sulfur recovery unit 15, an ejector 16, a fuel cell 17, a pure oxygen combustor 18, a gas turbine 19, an air compressor 20, a first heat recovery heat exchanger 21, a cathode regenerator 22, an air turbine 23, a waste heat boiler 24, a steam turbine 25, a first carbon dioxide compressor 26, a second carbon dioxide compressor 27, a second waste heat recovery heat exchanger 28, a third compressor 29, a cryogenic air separation unit 30 and an oxygen compressor 31, wherein an outlet of the coal preparation unit 1 is connected with a coal dust inlet of the gasification furnace 2, a high-temperature raw synthesis gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace 2 is connected with an inlet of the boiler 3, a saturated steam outlet of the boiler 3 is connected with the waste heat inlet of the waste heat recovery unit 5, and the waste heat recovery gas inlet of the waste heat recovery unit 4 is connected with the waste heat compressor 6 at the waste heat inlet of the waste heat recovery unit 3, and the waste heat recovery unit is connected with the waste heat inlet of the waste heat generator 3;
the hot side outlet of the first gas heater 6 is connected with the hot side inlet of the second gas heater 8 through the water scrubber 7, the hot side outlet of the second gas heater 8 is connected with the inlet of the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor 9, the outlet of the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor 9 is connected with the cold side inlet of the second gas heater 8, the cold side outlet of the second gas heater 8 is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature waste heat recovery unit 10, the outlet of the low-temperature waste heat recovery unit 10 is connected with the inlet of the synthesis gas cooler 11, the outlet of the synthesis gas cooler 11 is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization unit 12, the outlet of the desulfurization unit 12 is connected with the cold side inlet of the first gas heater 6 through the humidifier 13, the cold side outlet of the first gas heater 6 is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell 17 through the ejector 16, and the anode outlet of the fuel cell 17 is respectively connected with the inlet of the ejector 16 and the inlet of the pure oxygen burner 18;
the pure oxygen inlet of the pure oxygen burner 18 is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen compressor 31, the outlet of the pure oxygen burner 18 is connected with the gas turbine 19, and the tail gas outlet of the gas turbine 19 is connected with the waste heat boiler 24;
an outlet of the air compressor 20 is connected with a cold side inlet of the cathode regenerator 22, a cold side outlet of the cathode regenerator 22 is connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell 17, a cathode outlet of the fuel cell 17 is connected with a hot side inlet of the cathode regenerator 22, a hot side outlet of the cathode regenerator 22 is connected with an inlet of the air turbine 23, and an outlet of the air turbine 23 is connected with the waste heat boiler 24;
the outlet of the air compressor 20 is also connected with the inlet of the second waste heat recovery heat exchanger 21, the outlet of the second waste heat recovery heat exchanger 21 is connected with the inlet of the cryogenic air separation unit 30, and the oxygen outlet of the cryogenic air separation unit 30 is connected with the inlet of the oxygen compressor 31; the pure oxygen outlet of the oxygen compressor 31 is also connected to the inlet of the pure oxygen burner 18;
the high-pressure superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 24 is connected with a steam turbine 25, and a part of medium-pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine 25 is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 2;
the combustion tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 24 is respectively connected with the inlet of the first carbon dioxide compressor 26, the inlet of the second carbon dioxide compressor 27 and the inlet of the first waste heat recovery heat exchanger 28; the outlet of the first carbon dioxide compressor 26 is connected to the inlet of the eductor 16; the outlet of the second carbon dioxide compressor 27 is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace 2;
the outlet of the first waste heat recovery heat exchanger 28 is connected with the inlet of the multistage compressor 29; the outlet of the multistage compressor 29 is connected to a liquid carbon dioxide reservoir.
The power generation system flow comprises the following steps:
grinding coal in a coal preparation unit 1, drying to form dry coal dust, conveying high-pressure carbon dioxide gas generated by a second carbon dioxide compressor 27 to a gasification furnace 2, conveying part of pure oxygen at an outlet of an oxygen compressor 31 and medium-pressure steam extracted from the middle part of a small amount of steam turbine 25 to the gasification furnace 2 for reaction, generating slag at the bottom of the gasification furnace 2, and conveying high-temperature crude synthesis gas generated at the top and low-temperature synthesis gas at an outlet of a circulating gas compressor 5 into a waste heat boiler 3 after mixed chilling; the method comprises the steps that saturated steam generated by a waste heat boiler 3 is sent to a waste heat boiler 24 for further heating, crude synthetic gas after waste heat recovery of the waste heat boiler is sent to a dust removal unit 4, part of synthetic gas after cooling and dust removal is circulated to an inlet of a circulating gas compressor 5, the other part of synthetic gas enters a hot side inlet of a first gas heater 6, after cooling, the synthetic gas is sent to a water scrubber 7, an outlet synthetic gas of the water scrubber 7 is sent to a hot side inlet of a second gas heater 8, after further cooling, the synthetic gas is sent to a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor 9, then enters a cold side inlet of the second gas heater 8, after reheating, the synthetic gas enters a low-temperature waste heat recovery unit 10, then enters a synthetic gas cooler 11, after the synthetic gas is reduced to a temperature required in a desulfurization process, the synthetic gas enters a desulfurization unit 12, clean synthetic gas generated by the desulfurization unit is sent to a humidifier 13 for humidification and then enters a cold side of the first gas heater 6, and waste water and waste gas generated by the desulfurization unit 12 enter a water treatment unit 14 and a sulfur recovery unit 15 respectively to form solid salt and sulfur;
mixing the synthesis gas at the cold side outlet of the first gas heater 6 with medium-pressure steam extracted from the middle part of the steam turbine 25 and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas generated by the first carbon dioxide compressor 26, diluting the carbon monoxide gas in the synthesis gas, feeding the diluted synthesis gas into the ejector 16, ejecting part of tail gas at the anode outlet of the fuel cell 17, and enabling the synthesis gas at the outlet of the ejector 16 to enter the anode of the fuel cell 17 for reaction;
the rest tail gas at the anode outlet of the fuel cell 17 enters a pure oxygen combustor 18 to carry out catalytic combustion reaction with partial pure oxygen at the outlet of an oxygen compressor 31 to generate combustion tail gas, the main components of the combustion tail gas are steam and carbon dioxide, the combustion tail gas is sent to a waste heat boiler 24 after acting through a gas turbine 19, the combustion tail gas of the waste heat boiler 24 is divided into three strands after being cooled, the first strand is sent to an inlet of a second carbon dioxide compressor 27, the second strand is sent to an inlet of a first carbon dioxide compressor 26, the third strand is sent to a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger 28, and the third strand is sent to a carbon dioxide multistage compressor 29 after condensing, cooling and moisture removal to finally form high-purity liquid carbon dioxide;
after being pressurized by a cathode air compressor 20, one part of air is sent to a cold side inlet of a cathode regenerator 22, high-temperature air at a cold side outlet is sent to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell 17, after reaction in the fuel cell 17, is sent to a hot side inlet of the cathode regenerator 22, after being cooled, is sent to an air turbine 23, after the air turbine 23 is driven to rotate to do work, is sent to a waste heat boiler 24, and is discharged into the atmosphere after waste heat is recovered;
the other part of air at the outlet of the cathode air compressor 20 is sent to the second waste heat recovery heat exchanger 21 and then is sent to the cryogenic air separation unit 30, an argon separation process is arranged in the cryogenic air separation unit 30, dirty nitrogen generated by the cryogenic air separation unit 30 is discharged into the atmosphere, the generated pure argon can be used as a product, and high-purity oxygen is generated and sent to the inlet of the oxygen compressor 31;
the exhaust heat boiler 24 recovers the heat recovery of the tail gas discharged from the gas turbine 19 and the air turbine 23, and simultaneously superheats saturated steam generated by the exhaust heat boiler 3, and high-pressure superheated steam generated by the exhaust heat boiler 24 is sent to the steam turbine 25. The electrical energy generated by the system is produced by a fuel cell 17, a gas turbine 19, an air turbine 23, and a steam turbine 25.
Claims (10)
1. The three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission is characterized by comprising a coal preparation unit (1), a gasification furnace (2), a waste heat boiler (3), a circulating gas compressor (5), a first gas heater (6), a water scrubber (7), a second gas heater (8), a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor (9), a desulfurization unit (12), a humidifier (13), an ejector (16), a fuel cell (17), a pure oxygen combustor (18), a gas turbine (19), an air compressor (20), a cathode regenerator (22), an air turbine (23), a waste heat boiler (24), a steam turbine (25), a first carbon dioxide compressor (26), a second carbon dioxide compressor (27), a cryogenic air separation unit (30) and an oxygen compressor (31), wherein the outlet of the coal preparation unit (1) is connected with the coal dust inlet of the gasification furnace (2), the high-temperature raw synthesis gas outlet at the top of the gasification furnace (2) is connected with the inlet of the waste heat boiler (3), the saturated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler (3) is connected with the inlet of the waste heat boiler (24), the raw synthesis gas outlet of the boiler (3) is connected with the waste heat inlet of the waste heat boiler (3) and the waste heat compressor (6) at the side of the first gas compressor (6), the low-temperature synthetic gas outlet of the circulating gas compressor (5) is connected with the inlet of the waste heat boiler (3);
the hot side outlet of the first gas heater (6) is connected with the hot side inlet of the second gas heater (8) through the water scrubber (7), the hot side outlet of the second gas heater (8) is connected with the cold side inlet of the second gas heater (8) through the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor (9), the cold side outlet of the second gas heater (8) is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization unit (12), the outlet of the desulfurization unit (12) is connected with the cold side inlet of the first gas heater (6) through the humidifier (13), the cold side outlet of the first gas heater (6) is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell (17) through the ejector (16), and the anode tail gas outlet of the fuel cell (17) is connected with the inlet of the ejector (16) and the inlet of the pure oxygen combustor (18);
the pure oxygen inlet of the pure oxygen combustor (18) is connected with the oxygen outlet of the oxygen compressor (31), the outlet of the pure oxygen combustor (18) is connected with the gas turbine (19), and the tail gas outlet of the gas turbine (19) is connected with the waste heat boiler (24);
an outlet of the air compressor (20) is connected with a cold side inlet of the cathode regenerator (22), a cold side outlet of the cathode regenerator (22) is connected with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell (17), a cathode outlet of the fuel cell (17) is connected with a hot side inlet of the cathode regenerator (22), a hot side outlet of the cathode regenerator (22) is connected with an inlet of the air turbine (23), and a tail gas outlet of the air turbine (23) is connected with the waste heat boiler (24);
the outlet of the air compressor (20) is also connected with the inlet of the cryogenic air separation unit (30), and the oxygen outlet of the cryogenic air separation unit (30) is connected with the inlet of the oxygen compressor (31); the pure oxygen outlet of the oxygen compressor (31) is connected with the oxygen inlet of the gasification furnace (2);
the high-pressure superheated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler (24) is connected with a steam turbine (25), and the partial medium-pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine (25) is connected with the inlet of the gasification furnace (2).
2. The zero-carbon-emission three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein a first carbon dioxide compressor (26) is arranged between a combustion tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (24) and the ejector (16), and an inlet of the ejector (16) is also connected with a partial medium pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine (25).
3. The three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission according to claim 1, wherein a second carbon dioxide compressor (27) is provided between the combustion exhaust outlet of the exhaust heat boiler (24) and the gasification furnace (2).
4. The zero-carbon-emission three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the combustion tail gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (24) is further connected with an inlet of a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger (28), and an outlet of the first waste heat recovery heat exchanger (28) is connected with an inlet of a multistage compressor (29); the outlet of the multistage compressor (29) is connected with a liquid carbon dioxide liquid storage tank.
5. The three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission according to claim 1, wherein the raw synthesis gas outlet of the waste heat boiler (3) is connected with a dust removal unit (4), and the dust removal unit (4) is connected with the inlet of the recycle gas compressor (5) and the hot side inlet of the first gas heater (6).
6. The three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission according to claim 1, wherein a wastewater outlet and an exhaust gas outlet are provided on the desulfurization unit (12), and the wastewater outlet and the exhaust gas outlet are respectively connected with a water treatment unit (14) and a sulfur recovery unit (15).
7. The three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission according to claim 1, wherein the cold side outlet of the second gas heater (8) is sequentially connected with a low temperature waste heat recovery unit (10) and a synthesis gas cooler (11), and the outlet of the synthesis gas cooler (11) is connected with the inlet of the desulfurization unit (12).
8. The three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission according to claim 1, wherein a second heat recovery heat exchanger (21) is provided between the outlet of the air compressor (20) and the inlet of the cryogenic air separation unit (30).
9. A three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation method with zero carbon emission, characterized in that the three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell power generation system with zero carbon emission according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps:
grinding raw coal in a coal preparation unit (1), drying to form dry coal dust, conveying the dry coal dust into a gasification furnace (2), simultaneously conveying part of pure oxygen at an outlet of an oxygen compressor (31) and a small amount of medium-pressure steam extracted from the middle of a steam turbine (25) into the gasification furnace (2) for reaction, and conveying high-temperature crude synthesis gas generated at the top of the gasification furnace (2) and low-temperature synthesis gas at an outlet of a circulating gas compressor (5) into a waste heat boiler (3) after mixed chilling; saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler (3) is sent into the waste heat boiler (24) for further heating;
part of the crude synthesis gas after waste heat recovery of a waste heat boiler is sent to an inlet of a circulating gas compressor (5), the other part of the synthesis gas enters a hot side inlet of a first gas heater (6) to be cooled, the cooled synthesis gas is sent to a water scrubber (7), synthesis gas at an outlet of the water scrubber (7) is sent to a hot side inlet of a second gas heater (8), the cooled synthesis gas is further sent to a carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis reactor (9), then enters a cold side inlet of the second gas heater (8), after the synthesis gas is reheated, the synthesis gas enters a desulfurization unit (12), and clean synthesis gas generated by the desulfurization unit (12) is sent to a humidifier (13) to be humidified and then enters a cold side of the first gas heater (6);
the cold side outlet of the first gas heater (6) is connected with the inlet of the ejector (16), the ejector (16) ejects part of tail gas at the anode outlet of the fuel cell (17), and the synthesis gas at the outlet of the ejector (16) enters the anode of the fuel cell (17) for reaction;
the rest tail gas of the anode outlet of the fuel cell (17) enters a pure oxygen burner (18) to carry out catalytic combustion reaction with part of pure oxygen at the outlet of an oxygen compressor (31) to generate combustion tail gas, and the combustion tail gas is sent to a waste heat boiler (24) after acting through a gas turbine (19);
one air is pressurized by a cathode air compressor (20), part of the air is sent to a cold side inlet of a cathode heat regenerator (22), high-temperature air at a cold side outlet is sent to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell (17), after reaction is carried out in the fuel cell (17), the air is sent to a hot side inlet of the cathode heat regenerator (22), after cooling, the air is sent to an air turbine (23), and after the air turbine (23) is driven to rotate to do work, the air is sent to a waste heat boiler (24);
the other part of air at the outlet of the cathode air compressor (20) is sent to a cryogenic air separation unit (30), an argon separation process is arranged in the cryogenic air separation unit (30), and high-purity oxygen generated by the cryogenic air separation unit (30) is sent to the inlet of an oxygen compressor (31);
the waste heat boiler (24) recovers the heat recovery of the tail gas discharged by the gas turbine (19) and the air turbine (23), and simultaneously superheats saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler (3), and the high-pressure superheated steam generated by the waste heat boiler (24) is sent to the steam turbine (25) to do work.
10. The method for generating power by three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell with zero carbon emission according to claim 9, wherein the three-cycle integrated gasification fuel cell with zero carbon emission comprises a second carbon dioxide compressor (27), a first carbon dioxide compressor (26), a carbon dioxide multistage compressor (29) and a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger (28), wherein,
the combustion tail gas of the waste heat boiler (24) is cooled and then divided into three streams, and the first stream is sent into the gasification furnace (2) through a second carbon dioxide compressor (27); the second stream is sent to the eductor (16) through the first carbon dioxide compressor (26); the third stream is sent to a first waste heat recovery heat exchanger (28) for condensation cooling and moisture removal, and then sent to a carbon dioxide multistage compressor (29) to form high-purity liquid carbon dioxide.
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| CN110257106B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2024-02-27 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and method adopting coal water slurry gasification |
| CN110218583B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2024-04-23 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and method adopting desulfurization post-conversion process |
| CN110273760A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-09-24 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of integral coal gasification fuel cell generation that air flow is highly coupled and method |
| CN110867599A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-06 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | High-efficiency integrated coal gasification fuel cell power generation system and method adopting high-temperature purification |
| CN111022187A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 至玥腾风科技集团有限公司 | Triple-combination circulating system, vehicle and charging system |
| CN111042919A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 至玥腾风科技集团有限公司 | Triple-combination circulating system, vehicle and charging system |
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| CN114068991A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-18 | 上海电力大学 | Power generation system with hydrogen fuel cell coupled with steam turbine and gas turbine |
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