SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide kinds of water gas fuel cell power generation systems, solve the problem that current coal gasification fuel cell power generation system cycle efficiency is low.
To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
water gas fuel cell power generation systems, including a gas synthesis unit, a fuel cell unit and a steam power generation unit;
the coal gas synthesis unit comprises a coal treatment unit, a gasification furnace, a synthesis gas low-temperature purification device and a gas source;
the fuel cell unit comprises a synthesis gas preheater, an oxygen preheater and a fuel cell;
the steam power generation unit comprises a tail gas combustion furnace, a steam turbine, a steam condenser, a high-speed generator and a water feeding pump;
a dry pulverized coal outlet of the coal processing unit, an oxygen outlet of the gas source and a water outlet of the water feeding pump are all connected with a synthetic gas reaction inlet of the gasification furnace, a synthetic gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with a synthetic gas inlet of the synthetic gas low-temperature purification device, a synthetic gas outlet of the synthetic gas low-temperature purification device is connected with a synthetic gas inlet of the synthetic gas preheater, and a synthetic gas outlet of the synthetic gas preheater is connected with an anode inlet of the fuel cell;
the oxygen outlet of the gas source is also connected with the oxygen inlet of the oxygen preheater, and the oxygen outlet of the oxygen preheater is connected with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell;
an anode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with a fuel gas inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace, and a cathode outlet of the fuel cell is connected with an oxygen inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace; the flue gas outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace is connected with the flue gas inlets of the oxygen preheater and the synthesis gas preheater;
the steam turbine is connected with the high-speed generator; the water outlet of the water feeding pump is respectively connected with the condensed water inlets of the gasification furnace and the synthesis gas low-temperature purification device, the steam outlets of the gasification furnace and the synthesis gas low-temperature purification device are connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine, the steam outlet of the steam turbine is connected with the steam inlet of the steam condenser, the condensed water outlet of the steam condenser is connected with the water inlet of the water feeding pump, the water outlet of the water feeding pump is connected with the water inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace, and the water outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace is connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine.
Optionally, the low-temperature synthesis gas purification device comprises a synthesis gas cooler, a synthesis gas deduster and a synthesis gas desulfurizer,
the synthesis gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas cooler, the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas cooler is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas dust remover, the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas dust remover is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas desulfurizer, and the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas desulfurizer is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas preheater.
Optionally, the steam power generation unit further includes a deaerator, a water outlet of the feed water pump is connected to a water inlet of the deaerator, and a water outlet of the deaerator is connected to a water inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace.
Optionally, the syngas cooler includes a high-temperature cooling section and a low-temperature cooling section, an outlet of the high-temperature cooling section is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine, and an outlet of the low-temperature cooling section is connected to the water inlet of the oxygen remover.
Optionally, the steam turbine includes a turbine high-pressure section and a turbine low-pressure section, the high-temperature cooling section of the syngas cooler and the steam outlet of the gasification furnace are both connected to the turbine low-pressure section, and the steam outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace is connected to the turbine high-pressure section.
Optionally, the air source comprises an air compressor, an air dryer, an air storage tank and an air distribution machine which are connected in sequence; an oxygen outlet of the air distribution machine is respectively connected with an oxygen inlet of the oxygen preheater and a synthesis gas reaction inlet of the gasification furnace;
the fuel cell unit further comprises a nitrogen preheater, a nitrogen outlet of the air distribution machine is connected with a nitrogen inlet of the nitrogen preheater through a nitrogen control valve, a nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen preheater is connected with an anode inlet of the fuel cell, and an anode outlet of the fuel cell is also connected with an evacuation pipe through an nitrogen evacuation valve;
when the fuel cell unit is in a starting temperature-rising stage, the nitrogen control valve and the nitrogen exhaust valve are opened; and when the fuel cell is in the operation stage, the nitrogen control valve and the nitrogen exhaust valve are closed.
Optionally, the oxygen outlet of the air distribution machine is also directly connected to the oxygen inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace through an oxygen proportional valve; and the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas preheater is also directly connected with the fuel gas inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace.
Optionally, the nitrogen outlet of the air distribution machine is further connected to the nitrogen inlet of the coal processing unit.
The flue gas outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace is respectively connected with the flue gas inlets of the oxygen preheater and the nitrogen preheater, the flue gas outlet of the oxygen preheater is connected with the flue gas inlet of the synthesis gas preheater, and the flue gas outlets of the synthesis gas preheater and the nitrogen preheater are both connected with an emptying pipe;
when the fuel cell unit is in a starting temperature-rising stage, the nitrogen preheater and the oxygen preheater are opened, and the synthesis gas preheater is closed; when the fuel cell is in the run phase, the syngas preheater and the oxygen preheater are turned on, and the nitrogen preheater is turned off.
Optionally, the anode outlet of the fuel cell is further connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model provides a water gas ization fuel cell power generation system, the synthetic gas that forms with coarse coal high temperature gasification inputs fuel cell's positive pole after low temperature purification and preheating and generates electricity, and utilize the sensible heat among coarse coal gasification and the low temperature purification to carry out steam power generation, compare in the traditional thermal power system who adds hot water steam drive turbine with coal direct combustion, system cycle efficiency improves greatly step, water gas ization fuel cell power generation system has still utilized the heat that fuel cell's tail gas burning produced, the high temperature flue gas that produces tail gas burning in the aspect of lets in oxygen preheater and synthetic gas preheater and carries out the heat transfer, utilize the comdenstion water heating of this heat in to steam power generation in addition aspect, make the comdenstion water turn into steam cycle and use.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is clear and fully described the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation and in a particular orientation, and thus are not to be considered limiting of the present invention.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained by means of specific embodiments with reference to the drawings.
The utility model provides an water gas fuel cell power generation systems, please refer to fig. 1, including coal gas synthesis unit 1, fuel cell unit 2 and steam power generation unit 3.
The coal gas synthesis unit 1 comprises a coal processing unit 11, a gasification furnace 12, a synthesis gas low-temperature purification device and a gas source.
The fuel cell unit 2 includes a syngas preheater 21, an oxygen preheater 22, and a fuel cell 23.
The steam power generation unit 3 includes a tail gas combustion furnace 31, a steam turbine 32, a steam condenser 33, a feed water pump 34, and a high-speed generator 36.
The dry pulverized coal outlet of the coal processing unit 11, the oxygen outlet of the gas source and the water outlet of the water feeding pump 34 are all connected with the synthesis gas reaction inlet of the gasification furnace 12, the synthesis gas outlet of the gasification furnace 12 is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas low-temperature purification device, the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas low-temperature purification device is connected with the synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas preheater 21, and the synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas preheater 21 is connected with the anode inlet of the fuel cell 23.
The oxygen outlet of the gas source is also connected with the oxygen inlet of the oxygen preheater 22, and the oxygen outlet of the oxygen preheater 22 is connected with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell 23.
The anode outlet of the fuel cell 23 is connected to the fuel gas inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31, the cathode outlets are both connected to the oxygen inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31, and the flue gas outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31 is connected to the flue gas inlets of the oxygen preheater 22 and the synthesis gas preheater 21.
The water outlet of the feed water pump 34 is respectively connected with the condensed water inlets of the gasification furnace 12 and the synthesis gas low-temperature purification device, the steam outlets of the gasification furnace 12 and the synthesis gas low-temperature purification device are connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine 32, the steam outlet of the steam turbine 32 is connected with the steam inlet of the steam condenser 33, the condensed water outlet of the steam condenser 33 is connected with the water inlet of the feed water pump 34, the water outlet of the feed water pump 34 is connected with the water inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31, and the water outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31 is connected with the steam inlet of the steam turbine 32. The steam turbine 32 is connected to the high-speed generator 36 to generate electricity.
The utility model provides a water gas ization fuel cell power generation system, the synthetic gas that forms with coarse coal high temperature gasification inputs fuel cell 23's positive pole after low temperature purification and preheating and generates electricity, and utilize the sensible heat among coarse coal gasification and the low temperature purification to carry out steam power generation, compare in the traditional thermal power system who adds hot water steam drive turbine with coal direct combustion, system's cycle efficiency improves greatly steps, water gas ization fuel cell power generation system has still utilized fuel cell 23's negative and positive tail gas to assemble the heat that the burning produced, the high temperature flue gas that produces tail gas burning in the aspect of lets in oxygen preheater 22 and synthetic gas preheater 21 and carries out the heat transfer, utilize the comdenstion water heating of this heat in to steam power generation in the aspect of in addition, make the comdenstion water turn into steam cycle and use.
In this embodiment, the air source includes an air compressor 141, an air dryer 142, an air storage tank 143, and an air divider 144, which are connected in sequence. The air separator 144 is used for separating air into oxygen and nitrogen, wherein the oxygen outlet is respectively connected with the oxygen inlet of the oxygen preheater 22 and the synthesis gas reaction inlet of the gasification furnace 12, and the nitrogen outlet is connected with the nitrogen inlet of the coal processing unit 11.
The coal processing unit 11 is used for grinding, drying and pressurizing coarse coal before coal gasification, and is filled with a proper amount of nitrogen, and pressurized dry coal powder gasification can adapt to various coal qualities, and the application range is .
Specifically, the gasification furnace 12 is a ring water-cooled wall dry-type feeding gasification furnace 12, and the temperature of the gasification furnace 12 is 1400-1700 ℃. From the conversion rate, the gasification is more thorough than the dry distillation conversion, no coke, tar and the like are generated, and the conversion effect is good. The gasification furnace 12 in the present embodiment generates the synthesis gas by the torrent cooling, and therefore the water feed pump 34 simultaneously supplies the gasification furnace 12 with the reaction water and the condensed water. In this embodiment, the gasification process of the gasifier 12 includes a water gas shift link, which is mainly to adjust the ratio of hydrocarbon to make the ratio of hydrogen entering the fuel cell 23 higher, and the dry coal powder reacts in the gasifier 12 to obtain a syngas, wherein the syngas contains CO and H2、CO2、CH4The gasification process in the gasification furnace 12 is specifically as follows:
2C+O2=2CO+115.7KJ/mol;
C+O2=CO2+393.8KJ/mol;
CO2+C=2CO-1624KJ/mol;
C+H2O=CO+H2-131.5KJ/mol;
CO+H2O=CO2+H2+41KJ/mol;
C+2H2=CH4+75KJ/mol;
CO+3H2=CH4+H2O+250KJ/mol。
in the present embodiment, the low-temperature syngas purification apparatus includes a syngas cooler 131, a syngas precipitator 132, and a syngas desulfurizer 133,
a synthesis gas outlet of the gasification furnace 12 is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas cooler 131, a synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas cooler 131 is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas dust remover 132, a synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas dust remover 132 is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas desulfurizer 133, and a synthesis gas outlet of the synthesis gas desulfurizer 133 is connected to a synthesis gas inlet of the synthesis gas preheater 21.
The gasification reaction of the gasification furnace 12 produces a high temperature synthesis gas, which is then purified at a low temperature, and thus the synthesis gas is cooled by the synthesis gas cooler 131, and sensible heat of the high temperature synthesis gas during the cooling process is recovered by the condensed feed water of the steam turbine 32. The synthesis gas dust remover 132 can remove fly ash in the synthesis gas, the synthesis gas desulfurizer 133 can remove sulfur and the like in the synthesis gas, the sulfur content in the synthesis gas is less than 1ppm before the synthesis gas enters the fuel cell 23, and the purification of the synthesis gas does not need to remove CO2。
The synthesis gas is purified at low temperature and then cooled to normal temperature, and is preheated by high-temperature flue gas and then enters the anode of the fuel cell 23, and the temperature of the synthesis gas is increased to 600-700 ℃ after preheating.
In this embodiment, the anode outlet of the fuel cell 23 is further connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell 23.
Fuel cell 23 pair H2Other syngas fuels have higher flexibility and anode exhaust is reintroduced into the front end cycle in order to improve anode side utilization efficiency.
The fuel cell 23 is normally in operation, i.e. the anode and cathode of the fuel cell 23 are fed with synthesis gas and oxygen respectively to generate electricity by combustion, however, the fuel cell 23 will undergo start-up temperature raising phase at the beginning of the start-up temperature raising phase, the anode and cathode of the fuel cell 23 need to be preheated by high-temperature oxygen and nitrogen respectively, at this time, nitrogen is fed into the anode of the fuel cell 23 instead of oxygen.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell unit 2 further includes a nitrogen preheater 24, the nitrogen outlet of the air distributing machine 144 is connected to the nitrogen inlet of the nitrogen preheater 24 through a nitrogen control valve, the nitrogen outlet of the nitrogen preheater 24 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell 23, and the anode outlet of the fuel cell 23 is further connected to an exhaust pipe through an nitrogen exhaust valve.
Specifically, the flue gas outlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31 is connected to the flue gas inlets of the oxygen preheater and the nitrogen preheater 24, the flue gas outlet of the oxygen preheater is connected to the flue gas inlet of the synthesis gas preheater 21, and the flue gas outlets of the synthesis gas preheater 21 and the nitrogen preheater 24 are connected to the evacuation pipe. The flue gas of the oxygen preheater and the flue gas of the synthesis gas preheater 21 are connected in series, so that the flue gas is ensured not to generate a blocking phenomenon due to different resistances of the downstream heat exchanger, and the flow of the distributed flue gas does not need to be adjusted in proportion.
When the fuel cell unit is in a starting temperature-rising stage, the nitrogen preheater and the oxygen preheater are opened, and the synthesis gas preheater is closed; when the fuel cell is in the run phase, the syngas preheater and the oxygen preheater are turned on, and the nitrogen preheater is turned off.
The oxygen outlet of the air distribution machine 144 is also directly connected to the oxygen inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31 through an oxygen proportional valve, and the syngas outlet of the syngas preheater 21 is also directly connected to the fuel gas inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31.
The nitrogen preheater 24 preheats nitrogen, and the preheated nitrogen is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell 23 to heat the fuel cell 23. Because the tail gas of the fuel cell 23 is oxygen and nitrogen at the start-up temperature-raising stage and cannot be input into the tail gas combustion furnace 31 for combustion and power generation, the oxygen and the nitrogen are directly input into the tail gas combustion furnace 31 so as to obtain high-temperature flue gas at the start-up temperature-raising stage to preheat the nitrogen and the oxygen.
In this embodiment, the oxygen for the gasification furnace 12, the oxygen for the cathode of the fuel cell 23, and the oxygen for starting combustion are all separated from the compressed air by the air separator 144, and the oxygen obtained by the air separator 144 can improve the conversion efficiency of the gasification furnace 12 and the fuel utilization rate of the fuel cell 23 and the tail gas combustion furnace 31. And the nitrogen gas as the byproduct of the air distribution unit 144 can be used as the pressurized gas of the gasification furnace 12 and the protective gas in the starting and temperature-rising stage of the fuel cell 23, and in the starting and temperature-rising stage of the fuel cell 23, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the tail gas combustion furnace 31 preheats the protective nitrogen gas and the oxygen gas, the temperature after preheating the nitrogen gas is 700 ℃ and the temperature after preheating the oxygen gas is 900 ℃, the preheated nitrogen gas and the preheated oxygen gas are respectively introduced into the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell 23 for preheating and temperature-rising, so as to ensure the temperature balance of the cathode and the anode.
In this embodiment, the tail gas burner 31 includes two sets of nozzles, wherein the th set of nozzles is a start-up nozzle connected to the syngas outlet of the syngas preheater 21 and the oxygen outlet of the air distribution machine 144, and the second set of nozzles is a tail gas burner nozzle connected to the cathode outlet of the anode outlet of the fuel cell 23.
When the heat of the system is insufficient during operation, two groups of nozzles work simultaneously, the tail gas combustion furnace 31 firstly directly heats condensed water of steam condensed gas, and high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion enters each preheater, because cathode gas of the fuel cell 23 is often excessive and affects the temperature of the tail gas combustion furnace 31, in order to maintain the air inlet temperature of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell 23, the outlet temperature of the exhaust flue gas of the tail gas combustion furnace 31 is usually required to be controlled, methods control the outlet smoke temperature by controlling the condensed water quantity of the steam condensed gas, and second methods control the gas quantity of a starting nozzle to increase the smoke temperature, wherein the temperature of the smoke outlet is usually 1100 ℃, namely a gas quantity controller is arranged on the starting nozzle, and a water quantity controller is arranged at the water inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31.
In this embodiment, the steam power generation unit 3 further includes a deaerator 35, a water outlet of the water feed pump 34 is connected to a water inlet of the deaerator 35, and a water outlet of the deaerator 35 is connected to a water inlet of the tail gas combustion furnace 31.
The deaerator 35 can play a protective role for equipment, and the problem that the equipment is easily oxidized under a high-temperature condition is solved.
The deaerator 35 needs to operate at 104 ℃, and therefore, a condensate water preheater for preheating condensate water is further provided before the deaerator 35. Specifically, a water outlet of the water feed pump 34 is connected to a water inlet of the condensed water preheater, and a water outlet of the condensed water preheater is connected to a water inlet of the deaerator 35. The flue gas outlet of the synthetic gas cooler 131 is connected with the flue gas inlet of the condensed water preheater, and the flue gas outlet of the condensed water preheater is connected with the exhaust pipe.
In this embodiment, the syngas cooler 131 includes a high-temperature cooling section and a low-temperature cooling section, an outlet of the high-temperature cooling section is connected to the steam inlet of the steam turbine 32, and an outlet of the low-temperature cooling section is connected to the water inlet of the oxygen remover 35.
The steam turbine 32 includes a turbine high-pressure section and a turbine low-pressure section, the high-temperature cooling section of the syngas cooler 131 and the steam outlet of the gasifier 12 are both connected to the turbine low-pressure section, and the steam outlet of the tail gas burner 31 is connected to the turbine high-pressure section.
The high temperature steam formed by the syngas quench converts the latent heat energy into electrical energy via a downstream steam turbine 32, and the exhaust from the steam turbine 32 is condensed and recycled to the water. In order to maintain the steam amount and the pre-valve temperature of the steam turbine 32, the feed water is directly heated by the off-gas burner 31 and joined with the steam of the water produced by the
gasification furnace 12 to enter the steam turbine 32. Because the amount and temperature of the steam formed by the
gasification furnace 12 are often unstable, the steam of the tail gas combustion furnace 31 enters a high-pressure section of the turbine, and the steam of the high-temperature cooling sections of the
gasification furnace 12 and the synthesis gas cooler 131 enters a low-pressure section of the turbine to do work, wherein the parameters of the high-pressure section and the low-pressure section are respectively 10Mpa and 1 Mpa. The steam supplementing quantity is controlled by the water supplementing quantity of the tail gas combustion furnace 31, the heat balance and the steam flow continuity of the gear power system are guaranteed, and the individual high-
parameter gasification furnace 12 can also select a reheating condensing gas unit to ensure that the turbine runs near the efficient optimal working condition point. Sensible heat of a low-temperature cooling section of the synthesis gas cooler 131 is used for heating feed water, the feed water is led out from the outlet of the feed water pump 34 and is heated and then returned to the front of the deaerator 35, the cogeneration system fully utilizes the temperature of each gradient section, and single-cycle waste heat is changed into combined cycle systemEnergy consumption is greatly reduced
Loss and improved system thermal efficiency.
The water gas gasification fuel cell power generation system provided by the embodiment is a related system, the coal gasification process is thorough, the energy consumption is high, the quality of the generated synthesis gas is better, the fuel cell unit 2 or the steam power generation unit 3 can generate more electric energy, the fuel cell unit 2 reacts sufficiently, the combustible heat value of the tail gas is reduced, more synthesis gas is required to be provided at the front end for supplementary combustion, and the flow rate of the anode of the fuel cell unit 2 is affected, so that the three units are in a mutually restricted balance relationship, an energy consumption inflection point exists among the gas synthesis unit 1, the fuel cell unit 2 and the steam power generation unit 3, the gas synthesis unit 1 is the upstream of the fuel cell unit 2 and the steam power generation unit 3 on the whole, and the fuel cell unit 2 is the upstream of the steam power generation unit 3.
The water gas fuel cell power generation system provided by the embodiment has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system circulation efficiency of the Rankine cycle system for heating water by directly combusting coal to generate steam to drive the turbine reaches 35% at most, and most energy is taken away by circulating water. This example converts fossil fuel chemical energy into syngas products, such as CO and H, by high temperature gasification of raw coal to form syngas for direct application to fuel cell 232Etc. and CO and H2The raw material is suitable for the fuel cell 23, high-end energy is extracted through high-temperature chemical reaction to generate power output, sensible heat in the gasification process and unreacted tail gas are generated and output through the steam power generation unit 3, and the circulation efficiency of the whole system can be improved;
2. the gasified nitrogen, the protective nitrogen of the fuel cell 23 and the oxygen for combustion of the fuel cell 23 are all from the air separation machine 144, the preparation process of the two gases achieves high-efficiency material flow effect through air separation, pure oxygen enters the cathode of the fuel cell 23 to provide oxygen-rich environment for the reaction of the fuel cell 23, and the nitrogen as a byproduct of the air separation can be used as the protective gas in the coal gasification process and the heating process of the fuel cell 23;
3. at present, synthesis gas obtained by coal gasification is carried out in a high-temperature environment, the process is an exothermic reaction, the synthesis gas needs low-temperature dust removal, desulfurization and purification, graded water supply is carried out to maintain the temperature of the gasification furnace 12 and the cooling of the synthesis gas, water vapor generated by gasification in a high-temperature section directly enters a low-pressure section of a turbine to expand and work, heat in the low-temperature section is used for heating the water supply, combustible gas which is not completely reacted is contained in tail gas of the fuel cell 23, combustion is carried out to obtain flue gas and the flue gas is used for heating the water supply, the steam of the water supply enters a high-pressure section of the turbine, the flue gas regenerates the gas to supply gas.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications of the technical solutions described in the embodiments or equivalent replacements of some technical features may still be made. Such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.