CN109356580B - Mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body with locally-slowed inclination angle - Google Patents
Mining method for steeply inclined thin ore body with locally-slowed inclination angle Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining method of a steeply inclined thin ore body with a locally retarded inclination angle, which aims at the steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally retarded inclination angle smaller than 15 degrees to set structural parameters, a lower ore section mining-preparation cutting project, a lower ore section mining project, an upper ore section mining-preparation cutting project, an upper ore section mining project, an upper ore section large-amount ore drawing project, a temporary bottom pillar recovery project and a lower ore section large-amount ore drawing project, wherein after the temporary bottom pillar is recovered, the lower ore section large-amount ore drawing project is started, and collapsed ores in a goaf of the lower ore section are discharged from an ore drawing funnel of the lower ore section. According to the invention, the temporary mining preparation system is arranged at the local slow-down part of the inclination angle, and a secondary transportation mode is adopted, so that the problem that when the existing shrinkage mining process is used for mining a steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally slow inclination angle, the ore loss of the locally slow inclination angle part of the ore body and the ore above the locally slow inclination angle part is large, and even the ore cannot be discharged is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, relates to an ore body mining method, and particularly relates to a method for mining a steeply inclined thin ore body with a locally-reduced inclination angle.
Background
Compared with other mining large countries in the world, the occurrence of mineral resources in China has obvious relative shortage of large mineral resources such as copper, iron and the like, and rare mineral resources such as tungsten, antimony and the like with small usage amount are abundant; the large-scale and ultra-large-scale ore deposits are few, and the medium and small-scale ore deposits are many. The special resource occurrence status of China determines that the inclined thin ore body is always the main object of mining attack and customs of China. Generally, two mining methods, namely a shallow hole shrinkage method and a wall cutting filling method, are mostly adopted for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body, wherein the wall cutting filling method is mostly used for mining ore deposits with high values of gold, tungsten and the like due to high mining cost; shrinkage mining is most common in steeply dipping thin ore body mining. However, thin ore bodies are complex and changeable, the inclination angle of the ore body is locally reduced sometimes, and during mining by an ore retaining method, the ore of the part or the part above is often retained on a lower plate rock body and cannot be discharged, so that permanent loss of the ore is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for mining a steeply inclined thin ore body with a locally retarded inclination angle, which aims at the steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally retarded inclination angle section of 3-8 m.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a mining method of a steeply inclined thin ore body with a locally retarded inclination angle specifically comprises the following steps:
A. structural parameters are as follows: dividing an ore body into ore blocks, dividing a local inclination angle slowing part into the middle of the ore blocks, and dividing the ore blocks into a lower ore section and an upper ore section by taking the local inclination angle slowing part as a boundary; the height of the ore block is 45-80 m, and the width of the ore block is 60-100 m; a bottom pillar, a top pillar and a stud are reserved in the ore block, and a temporary bottom pillar is reserved at the bottom of the upper ore section;
B. and (3) mining and cutting engineering of a lower ore section: tunneling a lower mine section manway shaft to a part with a locally-reduced inclination angle on one side of the stud, tunneling a ventilation shaft to an upper-stage return airway in the center of the ore block, and tunneling a lower mine section ore drawing funnel in the bottom stud to be communicated with the stage transportation lane;
C. and (3) lower ore section stoping engineering: the lower ore section stoping project adopts a bottom-up layered stoping mode, and the layer height is 3-5 m; people enter the stoping operation space from the pedestrian raise of the lower ore section, stand on the ore caving of the lower ore section to carry out layered rock drilling and ore falling; a small part of the ore caving from the lower ore section is discharged through an ore drawing funnel of the lower ore section, and the other ore caving from the lower ore section is left in the stope;
D. and (3) mining and cutting engineering of an upper ore section: starting an upper ore section mining-preparation cutting project after a lower ore section mining project is mined to a local gradually-reduced inclination position, firstly, caving ores at the lower ore section of a man station are drilled into a horizontal blast hole, the caving ores at the local gradually-reduced inclination position are discharged from an ore drawing funnel at the lower ore section, a goaf at the local gradually-reduced inclination position is renovated to form an intra-vein transport lane at the upper ore section, a lower ore section manway is tunneled to a top pillar at one side of a stud, and the ore drawing funnel at the upper ore section is tunneled in a temporary bottom pillar to be communicated with the intra-vein transport lane at the upper ore section;
E. and (3) stoping engineering of an upper ore section: the upper ore section stoping project adopts a bottom-up layered stoping mode, and the layer height is 3-5 m; people enter the stoping operation space from the manway raise at the upper ore section, stand on the ore caving at the upper ore section and carry out layered rock drilling and ore dropping; a small part of the upper ore section caving ore is discharged to an upper ore section intra-vein conveying lane through an upper ore section ore drawing funnel, is transferred to a lower ore section goaf through the upper ore section intra-vein conveying lane, and is discharged from a lower ore section ore drawing funnel; the other upper ore section caving ore is left in the stope;
F. a large amount of ore drawing engineering of an upper ore section: after the upper ore section stoping project is mined to the top pillar, starting a large amount of ore drawing projects of the upper ore section, discharging the upper ore section caving ore to an intra-vein conveying lane of the upper ore section through an upper ore section ore drawing funnel, transferring the upper ore section caving ore to a lower ore section goaf through the intra-vein conveying lane of the upper ore section, discharging the upper ore section caving ore from the lower ore section ore drawing funnel for multiple times until the upper ore section caving ore is completely discharged;
G. temporary bottom pillar recovery engineering: after a large amount of ore drawing projects of the upper ore section are finished, drilling blast holes in an intra-vein conveying lane of the upper ore section to collapse temporary bottom pillars, and transporting the collapsed ores from the intra-vein conveying lane of the upper ore section to a goaf of the lower ore section and discharging the collapsed ores from an ore drawing funnel of the lower ore section;
H. a large amount of ore drawing projects of a lower ore section: after the temporary bottom pillar is recovered, a large amount of ore drawing engineering of the lower ore section is started, and the caving ore in the goaf of the lower ore section is discharged from an ore drawing funnel of the lower ore section.
The bottom column is 5-10 m thick; the thickness of the top column is 3-5 m; the width of the intermediate column 3 is 3-5 m; the thickness of the temporary bottom pillar is 5-10 m.
And in the step E, F, G, the caving ore in the gob of the lower ore section is 2-3 m lower than the bottom plate of the intra-vein transport lane of the upper ore section.
The slow section length of the steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally slow inclination angle is 3-8 m, and the steeply inclined thin ore body with the inclination angle smaller than 15 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the temporary mining preparation system is arranged at the local slow-down part of the inclination angle, and a secondary transportation mode is adopted, so that the problems that the local slow-down part of the inclination angle of the ore body and ore above the local slow-down part of the inclination angle cannot be released even when the existing shrinkage mining process is used for mining the steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally slow inclination angle are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of mining a steeply dipping thin ore body with a locally reduced dip angle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. bottom pillar, 2 top pillar, 3 stud, 4 lower ore section manway, 5 ventilation patio, 6 lower ore section ore drawing funnel, 7 lower ore section goaf caving ore, 8 upper ore section intra-vein transport lane, 9 lower ore section manway, 10 upper ore section ore drawing funnel, 11 upper ore section caving ore, 12 temporary bottom pillar, 13 upper stage return airway, 14 inclination angle local slow-down part, 15 stage transport lane.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Examples
A certain lead-zinc ore in inner Mongolia is a steep thin ore body, and a shallow hole shrinkage method and a wall cutting filling method are designed, wherein the shallow hole shrinkage method is a main mining method of the ore and is generally used for the recovery of lean ore bodies and rich ore bodies with the thickness of more than 2 m; the paring-filling rule is used for mining ore-rich bodies with the thickness less than 2 m. The ore is a magma ore-forming mode, the ore body is complex and changeable, and when the dip angle of the lower plate is locally slowed down by a shallow hole shrinkage method, the phenomenon that the ore is retained on the lower plate rock body and cannot be released often occurs, so that permanent loss of the ore is caused. The mining method for the steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally reduced inclination angle of the invention is adopted in the ore, as shown in figure 1, and the mining method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. structural parameters are as follows: dividing an ore body into ore blocks, dividing a local inclination angle slowing part into the middle of the ore blocks, and dividing the ore blocks into a lower ore section and an upper ore section by taking the local inclination angle slowing part as a boundary; the height of the ore block is 60m, and the width of the ore block is 60 m; a bottom pillar 1, a top pillar 2 and a stud 3 are left in the ore block, a temporary bottom pillar 12 is left at the bottom of the upper ore section, the thickness of the bottom pillar 1 is 5m, the thickness of the top pillar 2 is 3m, the width of the stud 3 is 3m, and the thickness of the temporary bottom pillar 12 is 5 m.
B. And (3) mining and cutting engineering of a lower ore section: and (2) tunneling a lower mine section pedestrian raise 4 to a part with a locally-reduced inclination angle on one side of the stud, tunneling a ventilation raise 5 to an upper-stage return airway 13 in the center of the ore block, and tunneling a lower mine section ore drawing funnel 6 in the bottom stud 1 to be communicated with a stage transportation airway 15.
C. And (3) lower ore section stoping engineering: the lower ore section stoping project adopts a bottom-up layered stoping mode, and the layer height is 3 m; people enter a stoping operation space through a lower ore section pedestrian courtyard 4, stand on the ore 7 collapsed on the lower ore section to carry out layered rock drilling and ore falling; 1/3 volume of the lower ore section caving ore 7 is discharged through the lower ore section ore drawing funnel 6, and the rest of the lower ore section caving ore 7 is left in the stope to provide operation space for the lower layered stoping project.
D. And (3) mining and cutting engineering of an upper ore section: starting an upper ore section mining-preparation cutting project after a lower ore section mining project is mined to a local gradually-reduced inclination angle part, firstly, drilling a horizontal blast hole by using ore 7 caved in a lower ore section of a man station, and discharging the caved ore 14 caved in the local gradually-reduced inclination angle part from an ore discharge funnel 6 of the lower ore section; and a gob area with a locally retarded inclination angle part is refitted to form an intra-vein transport lane 8 at the upper ore section; and a lower mine section pedestrian raise 9 is tunneled to the top pillar 2 at one side of the stud, and an upper mine section ore drawing funnel 10 is tunneled in the temporary bottom pillar 12 and communicated with an upper mine section intra-vein transport lane 8.
E. And (3) stoping engineering of an upper ore section: the upper ore section stoping project adopts a bottom-up layered stoping mode, and the layer height is 3 m; people enter a stoping operation space from the manway raise 9 at the upper ore section, stand on the collapsed ore 11 at the upper ore section and perform layered rock drilling and ore falling; 1/3 volume of the upper ore section caving ore 11 is discharged to the upper ore section intra-vein transport lane 8 through the upper ore section ore drawing funnel 10, is transported to the lower ore section goaf by the upper ore section intra-vein transport lane 8, and is discharged by the lower ore section ore drawing funnel 6, and the rest of the upper ore section caving ore 11 is left in the stope to provide operation space for the lower layered stoping project.
F. A large amount of ore drawing engineering of an upper ore section: after the upper ore section stoping project is mined to the top pillar 2, a large amount of ore drawing projects of the upper ore section are started, and the upper ore section caving ore 11 is discharged to the upper ore section intra-vein transport lane 8 through the upper ore section ore drawing funnel 10, is transported to the lower ore section goaf from the upper ore section intra-vein transport lane 8, and is discharged from the lower ore section ore drawing funnel 6. The upper ore section caving ore 11 is discharged for a plurality of times until all the ore is discharged.
G. Temporary bottom pillar recovery engineering: after the completion of a large amount of ore drawing projects of the upper ore section, a blast hole caving temporary bottom pillar 12 is drilled in the conveying lane 8 in the vein of the upper ore section, and the caving ore is transported to the goaf of the lower ore section from the conveying lane 8 in the vein of the upper ore section and is discharged from the ore drawing funnel 6 of the lower ore section.
H. A large amount of ore drawing projects of a lower ore section: after the temporary bottom pillar is recovered, a large amount of ore drawing engineering of the lower ore section is started, and the caving ore 7 in the goaf of the lower ore section is discharged from an ore drawing funnel 6 of the lower ore section.
In the E, F, G process of the mining method of the steeply inclined thin ore body with locally reduced inclination angle, the caving ore 7 in the goaf of the lower ore section is 2.5m lower than the bottom plate of the intra-vein transport lane 8 of the upper ore section; and a fence is arranged on one side of the conveying roadway in the vein of the upper ore section, which is close to the goaf of the lower ore section.
Claims (1)
1. A mining method of a steeply inclined thin ore body with a locally reduced inclination angle is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. structural parameters are as follows: dividing an ore body into ore blocks, dividing a local inclination angle slowing part into the middle of the ore blocks, and dividing the ore blocks into a lower ore section and an upper ore section by taking the local inclination angle slowing part as a boundary; the height of the ore block is 45-80 m, and the width of the ore block is 60-100 m; a bottom pillar (1), a top pillar (2) and a stud (3) are reserved in the ore block, and a temporary bottom pillar (12) is reserved at the bottom of the upper ore section;
B. and (3) mining and cutting engineering of a lower ore section: tunneling a lower mine section pedestrian raise (4) to a local inclination angle slowing part on one side of the stud (3), tunneling a ventilation raise (5) to an upper stage air return roadway (13) in the center of an ore block, and tunneling a lower mine section ore drawing funnel (6) in the bottom pillar (1) to be communicated with a stage transportation roadway (15);
C. and (3) lower ore section stoping engineering: the lower ore section stoping project adopts a bottom-up layered stoping mode, and the layer height is 3-5 m; people enter a stoping operation space from a pedestrian raise (4) at the lower ore section, stand on the caving ore (7) at the lower ore section to carry out layered rock drilling and ore dropping; a small part of the ore (7) in the lower ore section is discharged through the ore discharge funnel (6) in the lower ore section, and the other ore (7) in the lower ore section is left in the stope;
D. and (3) mining and cutting engineering of an upper ore section: starting an upper ore section mining-preparation cutting project after a lower ore section mining project is mined to a local gradually-reduced inclination position, firstly, caving ores (7) of a lower ore section of a man station drill a horizontal blast hole, caving ores (14) of the local gradually-reduced inclination position are discharged from an ore-discharging funnel (6) of the lower ore section, a goaf of the local gradually-reduced inclination position is renovated to form an intra-vein transport lane (8) of the upper ore section, a pedestrian raise (9) of the lower ore section is tunneled to a top pillar (2) at one side of a stud (3), and an upper ore section ore-discharging funnel (10) is tunneled in a temporary bottom pillar (12) to be communicated with the intra-vein transport lane (8) of the upper ore section;
E. and (3) stoping engineering of an upper ore section: the upper ore section stoping project adopts a bottom-up layered stoping mode, and the layer height is 3-5 m; people enter a stoping operation space from a pedestrian raise (9) at the upper ore section, stand on the collapsed ore (11) at the upper ore section to carry out layered rock drilling and ore falling; a small part of the upper ore section caving ore (11) is discharged to an upper ore section vein inner conveying lane (8) through an upper ore section ore drawing funnel (10), is transferred to a lower ore section goaf from the upper ore section vein inner conveying lane (8), and is discharged from a lower ore section ore drawing funnel (6); remaining upper ore section caving ore (11) is left in the stope;
F. a large amount of ore drawing engineering of an upper ore section: after the upper ore section stoping project is mined to the top pillar (2), a large amount of ore drawing projects of the upper ore section are started, the upper ore section caving ore (11) is discharged to an upper ore section intra-vein transport lane (8) through an upper ore section ore drawing funnel (10), is transported to a lower ore section goaf through the upper ore section intra-vein transport lane (8) and is discharged by a lower ore section ore drawing funnel (6), and the upper ore section caving ore (11) is discharged for multiple times until all ore section caving ore is discharged;
G. temporary bottom pillar recovery engineering: after a large amount of ore drawing projects of the upper ore section are finished, blast hole caving temporary bottom pillars (12) are drilled in the intra-vein transport lane (8) of the upper ore section, and caving ores are transported to a goaf of the lower ore section from the intra-vein transport lane (8) of the upper ore section and are discharged from an ore drawing funnel (6) of the lower ore section;
H. a large amount of ore drawing projects of a lower ore section: after the temporary bottom pillar (12) is recovered, a large amount of ore drawing engineering of the lower ore section is started, and the caving ore (7) in the goaf of the lower ore section is discharged from an ore drawing funnel (6) of the lower ore section;
the thickness of the bottom column 1 is 5-10 m; the thickness of the top column 2 is 3-5 m; the width of the intermediate column 3 is 3-5 m; the thickness of the temporary bottom pillar 12 is 5-10 m;
in the step E, F, G, the caving ore (7) in the goaf of the lower ore section is 2-3 m lower than the bottom plate of the intra-vein transport lane (8) of the upper ore section;
the steeply inclined thin ore body with the locally-slowed inclination angle has the slowing section length of 3-8 m and the inclination angle of less than 15 degrees.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105756679A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-13 | 江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团有限公司 | Slow-to-fast comprehensive shallow hole mining method for ultra-thin complex quartz vein |
| CN107725054A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-02-23 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method of thin vein with changeable inclination angle |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105756679A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-13 | 江西稀有稀土金属钨业集团有限公司 | Slow-to-fast comprehensive shallow hole mining method for ultra-thin complex quartz vein |
| CN107725054A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2018-02-23 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method of thin vein with changeable inclination angle |
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