CN109355652B - 激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末及其制备方法 - Google Patents
激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109355652B CN109355652B CN201711417915.2A CN201711417915A CN109355652B CN 109355652 B CN109355652 B CN 109355652B CN 201711417915 A CN201711417915 A CN 201711417915A CN 109355652 B CN109355652 B CN 109355652B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alloy powder
- nickel
- powder
- laser cladding
- based alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000912561 Bos taurus Fibrinogen gamma-B chain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002110 ceramic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种激光熔敷用镍基合金粉末，包括如下质量百分比的组成：19～22％Cr、1‑2％Cu、2～4％Al、1～3％Ti、3～5％W、6～8％Mo、0.3～0.6％C、0.5～1.5％B、Ni为余量。上述镍基合金粉末采用中频感应炉‑惰性气体雾化法制备而得。本发明的镍基合金粉末熔覆后的熔体具有良好的润湿性、熔体快速冷却过程中产生的组织应力和热应力小，能够在无预热和后续热处理的条件下获得大面积高厚度的激光熔覆层，且熔覆层不开裂；此外Ni基体本身具有较好的耐蚀性，而Cr、Al、Ti元素能在基体表面形成一层致密的钝化膜，因此熔敷后的熔敷层不仅具有优异的高温耐磨性，还具有良好的高温耐蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种合金镀覆材料，尤其是涉及一种激光熔敷用镍基合金粉末，同时涉及其制备方法。
背景技术
在矿山、冶金、化工、能源等行业中有很多关键零件因长期处于恶劣的工作环境下，因磨损、腐蚀等原因失效，失效形式大多发生在材料表面。激光熔覆是一项新兴且具有发展潜力的技术，它是在高能量密度激光束的照射下，使基材表层与外加入的合金同时熔化，形成一层厚度约为10～1000μm表面熔化层，熔化层快速凝固之后得到一层成分、组织和性能均与基材不同的熔覆层。利用该熔覆层，可以对基材进行表面改性，以达到特殊的表面性能要求。与常用的电镀、热喷涂、堆焊等技术相比，激光熔覆因结合强度高，材料消耗少，热影响区小，涂层稀释率低，冷却速度快，组织致密，熔覆层厚度可以控制范围大和加工过程易于实现自动化，可显著改善基体表面耐磨、耐蚀、耐热及抗氧化等特性而得到广泛应用。熔敷层成形质量决定了激光熔敷技术的可靠性，影响激光熔敷层成形质量和综合性能一个重要方面是激光熔敷材料，熔敷材料直接决定了熔敷层的服役性能。激光熔敷材料的状态一般有粉末状、丝状和膏状，应用最广泛的是粉末状材料，主要分为金属粉末、陶瓷粉末以及两者复配的复合粉末，而金属粉末由于对碳钢、不锈钢、铸钢等多种基材具有良好的适应性因此研究最多。以金属粉末中的自熔性合金粉末为例，最具代表性的为镍基、钴基、铁基粉末，铁基合金粉末虽然价格较低，但是其各项性能都不如镍基和钴基粉末，钴基合金粉末耐高温、耐磨和耐腐蚀性能最好，但是在目前的市场中价格较高，容易增加生产成本，镍基粉末耐热性、耐腐蚀性能较好但是耐高温性能较差，价格较为适中。因此对镍基合金粉末的研究较为深入，但这些粉末主要针对材料的室温应用性能，不能满足高温应用性能的需求，例如中国专利申请CN 201310396991.5公开了一种用于丝杠表面进行激光熔覆的方法，其中涉及到镍基陶瓷合金粉末，组成为12％～15％碳化钛、 0.2％～0.5％碳、4％～7％氟化钙、3％～6％氮化硅、2％～5％硼、2％～4％钼、2％～6％铁、0.5％～1％锰、余量的镍和适当比例的氧化锢(In2O3)、稀土(CeO2)，该合金粉末仅针对丝杠表面的改性加工，无法推知可以应用到其他基材表面，而且缺少高温使用性能的说明；中国专利申请CN201710268108.2公开了一种激光熔敷用的合金涂层，由A1：4～8％，Fe：20～23％， Cr：18～23％，Co：18～22％，Ni：20～23％，Ti：6～10％组成，但是其为一种高熵合金，要求由5种及以上的组元以等摩尔比组合而成，想要获得期望性能必须严格满足高熵合金的配比要求，也没有说明其使用时的耐高温、耐磨等性能的改善。当前，市面上难以找到满足高温(300～700℃)使用条件下耐磨性、耐蚀性和热疲劳性能的铁基或镍基合金粉末。虽然某些牌号的钴基合金粉末能够满足性能需求，但钴基合金粉末价格昂贵，严重制约了激光熔敷技术的推广应用以及相关行业的发展与进步。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种满足高温(300～700℃)耐磨、耐蚀和热疲劳性能要求且成本低廉的新型镍基合金粉末。
本发明的技术方案是提供一种激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末，包括如下质量百分比的组成：19～22％Cr、1～2％Cu、2～4％Al、1～3％Ti、3～5％W、6～8％Mo、0.3～0.6％C、 0.5～1.5％B、余量为Ni及不可避免的微量杂质。
所述镍基合金粉末的氧含量为150～180ppm。
本发明还提供上述镍基合金粉末的制备方法，制备方法为中频感应熔炼-惰性气体雾化，包括如下步骤：
S1.按照上述配比称取原材料；
S2.原材料按易烧损的程度顺序装入中频感应熔炼炉内；
S3.在真空或惰性气氛下升温熔化并精炼脱氧处理；
S4.将步骤S3的合金熔液出炉并缓慢倒入中间漏包，并在惰性气体介质下雾化，得到合金粉末。
所述步骤S4中合金熔液出炉温度维持在1550～1760℃。
所述步骤S4中惰性气体介质的雾化压力为2～5MPa。
所述步骤S4中中间漏包采取保温措施，保证了气雾化过程中合金熔液的过热度，不易堵包，同时也提高了合金粉末的球形度和收得率，其中合金粉末球形度高有利于提高合金粉末熔覆层的组织均匀度和致密性，使熔覆层不易开裂，且耐磨耐蚀性良好。
本发明的优点和有益效果：
1.本发明的镍基合金粉末熔覆后的熔体具有良好的润湿性、熔体快速冷却过程中产生的组织应力和热应力小，能够在无预热和后续热处理的条件下获得大面积高厚度的激光熔覆层，且熔覆层不开裂。
2.本发明的镍基合金粉末，添加较多Cr、Al、Ti元素能在基体表面形成一层致密的钝化膜，能够耐蚀；另外，Ni基体本身具有较好的耐蚀性，因此熔敷后的熔敷层不仅具有优异的高温耐磨性，还具有良好的高温耐蚀性能。
3.本发明的镍基合金粉末，熔覆后的熔覆层以及熔覆层与基材之间的结合界面在高低温冷热循环过程中不开裂。
4.相比于同性能的钴基合金粉末，本发明的激光熔敷用镍基合金粉末成本低廉，能够得到广泛的应用和推广。
附图说明
图1是本发明镍基合金粉末激光熔敷于基材表面的熔覆层图。
图2是本发明镍基合金粉末熔覆层与基材结合界面的扫描电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末通过设计新的成分配比达到合金强化从而实现高温 (300～700℃)使用条件下抑制激光熔覆层基体相的可逆转变、阻止强化相的不可逆转变的目的，从而保证激光熔覆层在高温(300～700℃)使用条件下的耐磨性，同时兼顾熔覆层的耐蚀性能，成分设计原理如下：
Cr，大部分固溶入镍基体中，提高了合金的高温强度；同时会在合金表面生成一层连续、致密、附着性良好的氧化膜，提高合金的耐氧化腐蚀性。
Cu，提升合金的综合耐蚀性能。
Al和Ti，形成γ’-Ni(Al，Ti)相，为本合金的沉淀强化相。γ’相硬度高，且与基体γ相共格，在高温下聚集长大倾向很小。
W和Mo，主要溶入基体而形成固溶体，加固基体中原子间的结合力，减少基体的高温软化，从而提高基体的高温强度。同时，它们能降低Al、Ti的高温扩散速率，从而显著增加合金中γ’相的溶解温度，提高γ’相的稳定性。
B，增加激光熔覆熔池的流动性，提高激光熔覆工艺性能；与富余的Cr形成硼化铬硬质相，提高合金的耐磨性；强化晶界，提高合金的高温性能。
C，主要作用是形成碳化物强化相，提高合金的耐磨性；碳化物在晶界析出阻碍晶粒长大，强化晶界。
实施例1
按照如下质量百分比称取原材料：21％Cr、1Cu％、3％Al、1.5％Ti、4％W、8％Mo、0.4％C、1％B4C、Ni为余量；
将称好的原材料装入中频感应炉内：高熔点原材料置于坩埚底部、低熔点原材料置于坩埚上部，块状原材料横放，碳块和铝块放入补料口；熔炼室抽真空至5Pa，打开中频电源缓慢增加功率升温；待炉料开始熔化，关闭真空泵组，充入接近本地大气压的氩气；完全熔化后，降低中频电源功率使炉温降至1530～1570℃，依次从补料口加入碳块和铝块；完全熔入合金溶液后，增大中频电源功率使炉温升至 1660～1720℃，将合金熔液缓慢倒入中间漏包中进行雾化，雾化介质为氮气、雾化压力为3MPa；雾化完成待粉末冷却至室温，在氩气气氛保护的超声波振动筛中进行筛分，得到不同规格段的成品激光熔覆用合金粉末。其中，53～125um规格的合金粉末的氧含量为140ppm，该氧含量的合金粉末在形成激光熔覆层时不易产生微小的气孔，组织致密。
实施例2
选用实施例1中53～125um规格的合金粉末，在45号钢基材上，设定激光功率为1500W、激光束扫描速率为6mm/s、送粉量为50g/min，激光熔覆后得到熔覆层。熔覆后的熔覆层表面平整无裂纹(图1)，熔覆层与基材界面结合良好(图2)。室温硬度为HRC55， 600℃保温半个小时的硬度为HRC53，说明经高温处理材料仍具有较高的硬度，具有良好的耐磨性。
实施例3
选用实施例1中53～125um规格的合金粉末，在Q235钢基材上，设定激光功率为2200W、激光束扫描速率为8mm/s、送粉量为70g/min，激光熔覆后得到熔覆层。熔覆层表面平整、无裂纹。室温硬度为HRC54，600℃保温半个小时的硬度为HRC52，说明经高温处理材料仍具有较高的硬度，具有良好的耐磨性。
实施例4
采用HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机对实施例2中熔覆合金粉末后的材料样品进行耐磨试验，与样品进行对磨的材料为Si3N4球，其硬度范围为HV1500-1600。试验条件为大气环境下的干摩擦，加热温度600℃，载荷为600g。样品采用4mm的磨损半径，保温时间为10分钟，电机转速为1344r/min。实验过程中摩擦因数的变化由计算机实时记录，采样的频率为24Hz。通过公式W＝V/L(W为磨损率，V为熔覆层磨损体积(mm3)，L为法向载荷(N)，S为总滑动距离(m))计算体积磨损率，并由该值的大小来评价涂层的耐磨性，测试结果为磨损量为0.1144mm3。测试过程中涉及的参数为扫描长度：10cm；表面基线：-1.11mm；磨痕前沿：1.5503mm；磨痕后沿：2.3122mm；磨痕宽度：0.7619mm；表面基线：4μm，磨痕深度：35μm。
采用相同的方法对实施例3中熔覆合金粉末后的材料样品进行耐磨试验，磨损量为 0.1098mm3。
实施例5
按照如下质量百分比称取原材料：20％Cr、0.5％Cu、5％Al、2％Ti、6％W、8％Mo、0.5％C、2％B4C、Ni为余量；
将称好的原材料装入中频感应炉内：高熔点原材料置于坩埚底部、低熔点原材料置于坩埚上部，块状原材料横放，碳块和铝块放在补料口；熔炼室抽真空至6Pa，关闭真空泵组，充入接近本地大气压的氩气；打开中频电源缓慢增加功率；待炉料完全熔化，降低中频电源功率使炉温降至约1520～1560℃，从补料口依次加入碳块和铝块；完全融入合金熔液后，增大中频电源功率，使炉温升至1680～1730℃；然后将合金熔液缓慢倒入中间保温漏包中进行雾化，雾化介质为氮气、雾化压力为3.5MPa；雾化完成待粉末冷却至室温，在氩气气氛保护的超声波振动筛中进行筛分，得到不同规格段的成品激光熔敷用合金粉末。其中53～125um规格的合金粉末的氧含量为160ppm，该氧含量的合金粉末在形成激光熔覆层时不易产生微小的气孔，组织致密。
实施例6
选用实施例5中53～125um规格的合金粉末，在45号钢基材上，设定激光功率为1500W、激光束扫描速率为6mm/s、送粉量为50g/min，激光熔覆后得到熔覆层。抛光处理后的熔覆层无裂纹、无气孔、无杂质。室温硬度为HRC56，600℃保温半个小时的硬度为HRC54，说明经高温处理材料仍具有较高的硬度，具有良好的耐磨性。
实施例7
选用实施例5中53～125um规格的合金粉末，在Q235钢基材上，设定激光功率为2000W、激光束扫描速率为8mm/s、送粉量为70g/min，激光熔覆后得到熔覆层。抛光处理后的熔覆层无裂纹、表面平整。室温硬度为HRC55，600℃保温半个小时的硬度为HRC53，说明经高温处理材料仍具有较高的硬度，具有良好的耐磨性。
实施例8
采用HT-1000型高温摩擦磨损试验机对实施例6中熔覆合金粉末后的材料样品进行耐磨试验，与样品进行对磨的材料为Si3N4球，其硬度范围为HV1500-1600。试验条件为大气环境下的干摩擦，加热温度600℃，载荷为600g。样品采用4mm的磨损半径，保温时间为10分钟，电机转速为1344r/min。实验过程中摩擦因数的变化由计算机实时记录，采样的频率为24Hz。通过公式W＝V/L(W为磨损率，V为熔覆层磨损体积(mm3)，L为法向载荷(N)，S为总滑动距离(m))计算体积磨损率，并由该值的大小来评价涂层的耐磨性进行试验，测试结果为磨损量为0.0714mm3。测试过程中涉及的参数为扫描长度：10cm；表面基线：-1.33mm；磨痕前沿：7.4979mm；磨痕后沿：8.1261mm；磨痕宽度：0.6281mm；表面基线:9.5μm，磨痕深度：29.5μm。
采用相同的方法对实施例7中熔覆合金粉末后的材料样品进行耐磨试验，磨损量为 0.0703mm3。
本发明实施例涉及到的材料、试剂和实验设备，如无特别说明，均为符合合金镀覆材料领域的市售产品。
以上所述，仅为本发明的优选实施例，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的核心技术的前提下，还可以做出改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应属于本发明的专利保护范围。与本发明的权利要求书相当的含义和范围内的任何改变，都应认为是包括在权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末的制备方法，其特征在于，按照如下质量百分比称取原材料：21％Cr、1Cu％、3％Al、1.5％Ti、4％W、8％Mo、0.4％C、1％B4C、Ni为余量；
将称好的原材料装入中频感应炉内：高熔点原材料置于坩埚底部、低熔点原材料置于坩埚上部，块状原材料横放，碳块和铝块放入补料口；熔炼室抽真空至5Pa，打开中频电源缓慢增加功率升温；待炉料开始熔化，关闭真空泵组，充入接近本地大气压的氩气；完全熔化后，降低中频电源功率使炉温降至1530～1570℃，依次从补料口加入碳块和铝块；全熔入合金溶液后，增大中频电源功率使炉温升至1660～1720℃，将合金熔液缓慢倒入中间漏包中进行雾化，中间漏包采取保温措施；雾化介质为氮气、雾化压力为3MPa；雾化完成待粉末冷却至室温，在氩气气氛保护的超声波振动筛中进行筛分，得到53～125μm规格的合金粉末，该合金粉末的氧含量为140ppm，该氧含量的合金粉末在形成激光熔覆层时不易产生微小的气孔，组织致密。
2.一种激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末，其特征在于，所述激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末由权利要求 1所述的制备方法制得。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711417915.2A CN109355652B (zh) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | 激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711417915.2A CN109355652B (zh) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | 激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109355652A CN109355652A (zh) | 2019-02-19 |
| CN109355652B true CN109355652B (zh) | 2020-12-29 |
Family
ID=65349770
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711417915.2A Active CN109355652B (zh) | 2017-12-25 | 2017-12-25 | 激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109355652B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110230052A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-13 | 王辉 | 激光熔覆制备功能辊道的方法 |
| CN111593339B (zh) * | 2020-04-21 | 2022-06-24 | 上海工程技术大学 | 含有纳米碳化钽的多层高熵合金激光熔覆层及其制备方法 |
| CN111663065B (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-12-17 | 正辰激光科技(山东)有限公司 | 一种锅炉过热管熔覆耐蚀合金粉末及其所得产品和制备方法 |
| CN112609142B (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2023-02-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | 一种抽油杆表面防腐耐磨复合涂层及其制备方法 |
| CN113249717A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 宁夏恒泰化工设备有限公司 | 一种镍基合金激光熔覆粉末的激光熔覆方法 |
| CN113305285A (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-27 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | 用于增材制造的镍基高温合金金属粉末 |
| CN113737058B (zh) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-03-24 | 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 | 垃圾焚烧炉防腐用镍基合金、镍基合金粉末的制备方法与复合材料 |
| CN114425624A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-03 | 中南大学 | 一种提高增材制造镍基高温合金综合性能的方法以及镍基高温合金粉末 |
| CN114941138B (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-03-28 | 中机新材料研究院(郑州)有限公司 | 一种基于激光熔覆的合金管材成型方法 |
| CN115351271B (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-01-26 | 国家电投集团江西水电检修安装工程有限公司 | 一种叶轮耐蚀涂层粉末、叶轮耐蚀涂层及其制备方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1203960A (zh) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-01-06 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | 一种镍基自熔性合金粉末 |
| WO2014098634A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Plasma System S.A. | Method of laser cladding a metallic coat on a metal element |
| WO2015002989A1 (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-08 | Eaton Corporation | Laser cladding with carbide hard particles |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1331634C (zh) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-08-15 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院 | 一种镍基喷熔合金粉及其制备方法 |
| CN104178764A (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-03 | 浙江瑞莱士机械有限公司 | 激光熔覆用高硬度镍基合金粉末及其制备工艺 |
-
2017
- 2017-12-25 CN CN201711417915.2A patent/CN109355652B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1203960A (zh) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-01-06 | 宝山钢铁(集团)公司 | 一种镍基自熔性合金粉末 |
| WO2014098634A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Plasma System S.A. | Method of laser cladding a metallic coat on a metal element |
| WO2015002989A1 (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-08 | Eaton Corporation | Laser cladding with carbide hard particles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109355652A (zh) | 2019-02-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109355652B (zh) | 激光熔覆用镍基合金粉末及其制备方法 | |
| Weng et al. | Microstructures and properties of TiN reinforced Co-based composite coatings modified with Y2O3 by laser cladding on Ti–6Al–4V alloy | |
| EP1586665B1 (en) | Producing nickel-base cobalt-base iron-base iron-nickel-base or iron-nickel-cobalt-base alloy articles by reduction of nonmetallic precursor compounds and melting | |
| Jiang et al. | On enhancing wear resistance of titanium alloys by laser cladded WC-Co composite coatings | |
| Fernandes et al. | Effect of arc current on microstructure and wear characteristics of a Ni-based coating deposited by PTA on gray cast iron | |
| Wang et al. | Effect of Ni-coated WC reinforced particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser cladding Fe-Co duplex coating | |
| CN101880854B (zh) | 一种铝及铝合金基体氮化铝增强梯度复合材料表面层 | |
| CN102115882A (zh) | 一种金属基体表面熔覆合金的方法 | |
| CN103966598A (zh) | 一种钛合金表面多元激光合金化层及其制备方法 | |
| Yang et al. | Microstructure and properties of FeCoCrNiMoSix high-entropy alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering | |
| CN108103494A (zh) | 一种新型高熵合金涂层及其制备方法 | |
| CN108315733A (zh) | 一种激光熔覆铝青铜合金梯度涂层所用粉料及制备方法 | |
| CN111850550A (zh) | 一种激光熔覆用wc增强高熵合金粉末及覆层制备方法 | |
| CN109351957A (zh) | 激光熔覆用铁基合金粉末及其制备方法 | |
| CN114939654B (zh) | 一种用于激光增材制造的高熵合金粉末及其制备方法、应用 | |
| CN111850374B (zh) | 一种激光熔覆用高熵合金粉末及覆层制备方法 | |
| Shengbin et al. | Effects of laser remelting on microstructural characteristics of Ni-WC composite coatings produced by laser hot wire cladding | |
| CN114411056A (zh) | 一种铁基合金粉末、激光熔覆涂层及其制备方法 | |
| CN113088960B (zh) | 一种钛合金软包装耐磨涂层及其制备方法 | |
| Zhang et al. | The microstructure and wear properties of diamond composite coatings on TC4 made by induction brazing | |
| Zhang et al. | Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of laser cladding iron-based coatings with two types of NbC reinforcement | |
| Li et al. | Microstructure and wear resistance of TIG remelted NiCrBSi thick coatings | |
| CN109351958A (zh) | 用于高锰钢表面修复的合金粉末及其制备、使用方法 | |
| CN112760636B (zh) | 一种激光熔覆原位合成钼-硅-硼合金涂层的方法 | |
| CN109402629A (zh) | 激光反应熔覆VC-TiC陶瓷增强铁基复合材料及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Room 305, room 17, building 17, Zhongwu Science Park, Panhuo street, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Applicant after: Ningbo ZHONGJIU Oriental Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: CAEP LITUO SUPERFINE MATERIALS Co.,Ltd. Address before: 315100 3F, innovation building, Zhongwu Science Park, 228 Jingu North Road, Panhuo street, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Applicant before: NINGBO ZHONGWU DONGFANG OPTOELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: CAEP LITUO SUPERFINE MATERIALS Co.,Ltd. |
|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |