CN109353094A - 一种抗菌复合布料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌复合布料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109353094A
CN109353094A CN201811188431.XA CN201811188431A CN109353094A CN 109353094 A CN109353094 A CN 109353094A CN 201811188431 A CN201811188431 A CN 201811188431A CN 109353094 A CN109353094 A CN 109353094A
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base fabric
composite layer
antibacterial
solution
preparation
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CN109353094B (zh
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阚建国
陈丹
李军
杨桂萍
肖洁
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Hefei Zhongke Weiyun Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Hefei Zhongke Wei Yun Health Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种抗菌复合布料及其制备方法，属于功能材料领域，该布料包括自上至下依次布置的基布、抗菌复合层和保护层；所述基布的上表面与外界环境接触，基布的下表面与抗菌复合层的上表面压制在一起，所述抗菌复合层的下表面与保护层的上表面压制在一起。本发明通过不同表面性质的基布、抗菌复合层和保护层相互配合形成复合布料，赋予了布料良好的抗菌透气性能，其中抗菌复合层具有良好的亲水性，可以迅速吸收水汽，传递到外表面，通过基布的上表面扩散到外部空间，有助于吸湿排汗；另外，抗菌复合层中负载的银离子和石墨烯，可以持久性的发挥广谱杀毒功能，该复合布料能够用于制作透气抗菌的医疗服装，避免产生发闷、不透气等情况。

Description

一种抗菌复合布料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗菌复合布料及其制备方法，属于功能材料领域。
背景技术
无纺布料作为医用布料在近年来得到快速发展，很多场合都需用到无纺布。由纤维随机排布组成的无纺布，其中分布的大小形状的孔有利于微生物附着，成为微生物生存、繁殖的良好寄生场所，是病菌再次传播的中转站。抗菌布料赋予布料抗菌性能，使其可以高效杀灭或抑制织物上的细菌、真菌和霉菌，防止细菌再生和繁殖，降低再次传播的风险，提高布料正常使用和废弃处理的安全性。
目前抗菌布料主流的处理方式有两种：一种是把抗菌剂掺到原料中通过纺丝直接做到化学纤维里面；另一种是通过面料后处理工艺将抗菌组分加进去。上述两种处理方式赋予了布料的抗菌性能，但由于化纤的亲水性不好，在使用过程中易引起发闷、不透气的不良感受，并且附着在表面的汗液等水珠也不能及时扩散，会进一步恶化使用感受，甚至会引起皮肤过敏等症状。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种抗菌复合布料，具有良好的抗菌透气性能。本发明还提供了上述抗菌复合布料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的一种抗菌复合布料，包括自上至下依次布置的基布、抗菌复合层和保护层；所述基布的上表面与外界环境接触，基布的下表面与抗菌复合层的上表面压制在一起，所述抗菌复合层的下表面与保护层的上表面压制在一起。
另外，本发明还提供了一种所述抗菌复合布料的制备方法，所述基布的上表面与外界环境接触，基布的下表面喷涂交联混合溶液；
所述抗菌复合层与基布接触的上表面也喷涂交联混合溶液，抗菌复合层的上表面与基布的下表面通过交联混合溶液粘合反应交联，然后将抗菌复合层和基布压制在一起，抗菌复合层的下表面涂覆石墨烯浆料；
所述保护层的上表面喷洒阿拉伯胶溶液，涂覆在抗菌复合层下表面的石墨烯浆料与保护层上表面的阿拉伯胶溶液粘合反应交联，然后将抗菌复合层和保护层压制在一起，干燥，最后将该复合布料展成平面置于氧气等离子体中处理5～35min，即可。
作为改进，所述的基布采用无纺布或纺织布中的一种；所述的抗菌复合层采用无纺布；所述保护层采用无纺布或纺织布中的任一种。
作为改进，所述交联混合溶液在基布、抗菌复合层上的涂覆量分别为10～80ml/m2，涂覆交联混合溶液后，将基布与抗菌复合层交联反应后，于45～65℃下烘干5～25min。
作为改进，所述交联混合溶液由PEO溶液、PVA溶液、交联剂和无机酸混合制成；
所述PEO溶液与PVA溶液中固含量的混合比例为(0.02～0.2)：1；采用的交联剂包括酸酐，所述酸酐的用量为聚合物PEO和PVA总固含量质量的3～8％，所述无机酸用于调整溶液的pH值在3～5。
作为改进，所述PVA溶液的浓度为2～15％，PEO溶液的浓度为0.1～2％。
作为改进，所述的酸酐为马来酸酐或顺丁烯二酸酐；所述的无机酸为盐酸、硝酸或硫酸中的任一种。
作为改进，所述的石墨烯浆料通过以下步骤制备：
1)在25～85℃，按明胶与硝酸银的固体质量比为1：(0.001～0.1)，将质量浓度为0.5～3％的明胶溶液与质量浓度为0.1～5％的硝酸银溶液，反应，喷雾干燥，形成粉体；
2)向步骤1)制得的50g粉体中，加入固含量为0.05～1％的氧化石墨烯悬浊液1～20ml、质量浓度为0.05～0.3％的海藻酸钙或氯化钙溶液200～650ml，搅拌，用盐酸或硝酸溶液调节pH为3.8～4.2，形成石墨烯浆料。
作为改进，所述保护层的上表面喷洒浓度为0.1～2％阿拉伯胶溶液，喷洒量为20～50ml/m2。
作为改进，将该复合布料在45～75℃，干燥15～35min后，再于氧气等离子体中处理。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)本发明通过不同表面性质的基布、抗菌复合层和保护层相互配合形成复合布料，赋予了布料良好的抗菌透气性能，其中抗菌复合层具有良好的亲水性，可以迅速吸收水汽，传递到外表面，通过基布的上表面扩散到外部空间，有助于吸湿排汗；另外，抗菌复合层中负载的银离子和石墨烯，可以持久性的发挥广谱杀毒功能。
2)本发明中的海藻酸钙和明胶、阿拉伯胶等组分可以发挥保湿，吸湿，排汗等作用，在与石墨烯及银等配合使用中，可以俘获固定病毒细菌，充分发挥抗菌成分的功效，加强组分之间的多重协同增效作用。另外，层间交联溶液的作用，除了防止遇水溶解流失外，主要的作用是对基布表面亲水性质的改性，通过改性形成不同梯度亲水，有助于水分的扩散和输运过程，对吸湿排汗起到良好的衔接作用。
3)该复合布料能够用于制作透气抗菌的医疗服装，避免产生发闷、不透气等情况。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了，下面对本发明进行进一步详细说明。但是应该理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明的范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术术语和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同，本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1
一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)取丙纶无纺布作为该复合布料最外层的基布，基布的外表面与环境接触，内表面喷涂PEO与PVA的交联混合溶液，其中，PVA(聚乙烯醇)浓度为5％，PEO(聚氧化乙烯)的浓度为0.2％，PEO与PVA的混合比例为0.04：1，另外，采用的交联剂为马来酸酐，其中马来酸酐的用量占PEO和PVA总质量的3.3％，用硫酸调整溶液的pH值为3，该交联混合溶液的涂覆量为15ml/m2，涂覆后于45℃下烘干15min；
2)在涤纶无纺布的两侧分别涂敷不同成分制备抗菌复合层，其中，抗菌复合层中与基布接触的上表面也涂覆步骤1)中的交联混合溶液，抗菌复合层的下表面涂覆石墨烯浆料，所述石墨烯浆料是通过在65℃，将1L质量浓度为0.8％明胶溶液与10ml质量浓度为0.1％的硝酸银溶液进行反应，喷雾干燥，形成粉体，然后向制得的50g粉体中，加入固含量为0.06％的氧化石墨烯悬浊液6ml、质量浓度为0.08％的海藻酸钙溶液350ml，搅拌，用盐酸溶液调节pH为4，形成石墨烯浆料，最后将该石墨烯浆料涂覆在抗菌复合层的下表面即可；
3)最后取无纺布作为保护层，预先在保护层的上表面喷洒浓度为0.1％阿拉伯胶溶液，喷洒量为30ml/m2，在阿拉伯胶溶液干燥前，将抗菌复合层与保护层压制在一起，于55℃，干燥15min，最后将压制后的布料展开成平面，置于氧气等离子体中处理12min即可。
实施例2
一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)取丙纶无纺布料作为该复合布料最外层的基布，基布的外表面与环境接触，内表面喷涂PEO与PVA的交联混合溶液，其中，PVA浓度为13％，PEO的浓度为1％，PEO与PVA的混合比例为0.077：1，另外，采用的交联剂为顺丁烯二酸酐，顺丁烯二酸酐的用量占PEO和PVA总质量的5.2％，用硫酸调整溶液的pH值为4.7，该交联混合溶液的涂覆量为45ml/m2，涂覆后于65℃下烘干7min；
2)在涤纶无纺布的两侧分别涂敷不同成分制备抗菌复合层，其中，抗菌复合层中与基布接触的上表面也涂覆步骤1)中的交联混合溶液，抗菌复合层的下表面涂覆石墨烯浆料，所述石墨烯浆料是在55℃下，将质量浓度为2.2％的8升明胶溶液与质量浓度3.5％的40毫升硝酸银溶液，进行反应，喷雾干燥，形成粉体，然后向制得的50g粉体中，加入固含量为0.08％的氧化石墨烯悬浊液12ml、质量浓度为0.15％的氯化钙溶液450ml，搅拌，用硝酸溶液调节pH为4.2，形成石墨烯浆料，最后将该石墨烯浆料涂覆在抗菌复合层的下表面即可；
3)最后取纺织布作为保护层，预先在保护层的上表面喷洒浓度为1.3％的阿拉伯胶溶液，喷洒量为40ml/m2，在阿拉伯胶溶液干燥前，将抗菌复合层与保护层压制在一起，于65℃，干燥15min，最后将压制后的布料展开成平面，置于氧气等离子体中处理28min。
实施例3
一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)取丙纶无纺布料作为该复合布料最外层的基布，基布的外表面与环境接触，内表面喷涂PEO与PVA的交联混合溶液，其中，PVA浓度为8％，PEO的浓度为1.6％，PEO与PVA的混合比例为0.2：1，另外，采用的交联剂为顺丁烯二酸酐，顺丁烯二酸酐的用量占PEO和PVA总质量的7.5％，用硫酸调整溶液的pH值为4.2，该交联混合溶液的涂覆量为73ml/m2，涂覆后于60℃下烘干22min；
2)在无纺布的两侧分别涂敷不同成分制备抗菌复合层，其中，抗菌复合层中与基布接触的上表面也涂覆步骤1)中的交联混合溶液，抗菌复合层的下表面涂覆石墨烯浆料，所述石墨烯浆料是通过在65℃，将质量浓度为2.5％的5升明胶溶液与质量浓度为4.5％的220ml硝酸银溶液，进行反应，喷雾干燥，形成粉体，然后向制得的50g粉体中，加入固含量为1％的氧化石墨烯悬浊液20ml、质量浓度为0.3％的氯化钙溶液600ml，搅拌，用盐酸溶液调节pH为3.85，形成石墨烯浆料，最后将该石墨烯浆料涂覆在抗菌复合层的下表面即可；
3)最后取无纺布作为保护层，预先在保护层的上表面喷洒浓度为2％阿拉伯胶溶液，喷洒量为46ml/m2，在阿拉伯胶溶液干燥前，将抗菌复合层与保护层压制在一起，于75℃，干燥15min，最后将压制后的布料展开成平面，置于氧气等离子体中处理30min。
将本发明制得的抗菌复合布料按照AATCC-100-2012试验法进行抗菌率测试，具体结果如下表1所示。
表1本发明制得抗菌复合布料的抗菌性能
分析表1可知，本发明的抗菌复合布料对白色念珠菌(ATCC l0231)的抗菌率达95％以上，对大肠杆菌(ATCC 8099)的抗菌率达94％以上，对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6389)的抗菌率达95％以上，对淋球菌(941748国内流行株)的抗菌率达93％以上。
本发明通过不同表面性质的基布、抗菌复合层和保护层相互配合形成复合布料，赋予了布料良好的抗菌透气性能，其中抗菌复合层具有良好的亲水性，可以迅速吸收水汽，传递到外表面，通过基布的上表面扩散到外部空间，有助于吸湿排汗；另外，抗菌复合层中负载的银离子和石墨烯，可以持久性的发挥广谱杀毒功能，该复合布料能够用于制作透气抗菌的医疗服装，避免产生发闷、不透气等情况。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗菌复合布料，其特征在于，包括自上至下依次布置的基布、抗菌复合层和保护层；所述基布的上表面与外界环境接触，基布的下表面与抗菌复合层的上表面压制在一起，所述抗菌复合层的下表面与保护层的上表面压制在一起。
2.一种权利要求1所述抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述基布的上表面与外界环境接触，基布的下表面喷涂交联混合溶液；
所述抗菌复合层与基布接触的上表面也喷涂交联混合溶液，抗菌复合层的上表面与基布的下表面通过交联混合溶液粘合反应交联，然后将抗菌复合层和基布压制在一起，抗菌复合层的下表面涂覆石墨烯浆料；
所述保护层的上表面喷洒阿拉伯胶溶液，涂覆在抗菌复合层下表面的石墨烯浆料与保护层上表面的阿拉伯胶溶液粘合反应交联，然后将抗菌复合层和保护层压制在一起，干燥，最后将该复合布料展成平面置于氧气等离子体中处理5～35min，即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的基布采用无纺布或纺织布中的一种；所述的抗菌复合层采用无纺布；所述的保护层采用无纺布或纺织布中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联混合溶液分别涂覆在基布和抗菌复合层上，涂覆量均控制在10～80ml/m2，涂覆交联混合溶液后，将基布与抗菌复合层交联反应后，于45～65℃下烘干5～25min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述交联混合溶液由聚氧化乙烯水溶液、聚乙烯醇水溶液、交联剂和无机酸混合制成；
所述PEO溶液与PVA溶液中固含量的混合比例为(0.02～0.2)：1；采用的交联剂包括酸酐，所述酸酐的用量为聚合物PEO和PVA总固含量质量的3～8％，所述无机酸用于调整溶液的pH值在3～5。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述PVA溶液的浓度为2～15％，PEO溶液的浓度为0.1～2％。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的酸酐为马来酸酐或顺丁烯二酸酐中的任一种；所述的无机酸为盐酸、硝酸或硫酸中的任一种。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的石墨烯浆料通过以下步骤制备：
1)在25～85℃，按明胶与硝酸银的质量比为1：(0.001～0.1)，将质量浓度为0.5～3％的明胶溶液与质量浓度为0.1～5％的硝酸银溶液，反应，喷雾干燥，形成粉体；
2)向步骤1)制得的50g粉体中，加入固含量为0.05～1％的氧化石墨烯悬浊液1～20ml、质量浓度为0.05～0.3％的海藻酸钙或氯化钙溶液200～650ml，搅拌，用盐酸或硝酸溶液调节pH为3.8～4.2，形成石墨烯浆料。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保护层的上表面喷洒浓度为0.1～2％阿拉伯胶溶液，喷洒量为20～50ml/m2。
10.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗菌复合布料的制备方法，其特征在于，将该复合布料在45～75℃，干燥15～35min后，再于氧气等离子体中处理。
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