CN109349642A - 一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片及其制备方法,杜仲叶复方含片,其特征在于,复方含片的配方为(质量比):杜仲叶浸膏粉10‑15份,北虫草超微粉2‑4份,灵芝孢子粉2‑4份,铁皮石斛超微粉2‑4份,螺旋藻超微粉2‑4份,山药超微粉2‑3份,灰树花超微粉3‑5份,诺丽果超微粉2‑4份,甘露醇70‑80份,木糖醇4‑8份,硬脂酸镁3‑5份,壳聚糖0.1‑0.3份,簿荷脑0.1‑0.3份。依据本发明制备的杜仲叶复方含片,具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、提高人体免疫力等保健功效,能满足现代社会快节奏生活中人群的保健需求,市场前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品加工领域,涉及一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民经济的飞速发展,人们生活和工作节奏的加快,身心和精神压力逐渐增大。由于目前健康教育、健康管理发展的还不够完善,受一些不良生活习惯的影响,免疫力下降人群越来越多,不少疾病如高血脂、高血压、高血糖及肿瘤疾病,不但发病率升高,而且呈现年轻化的趋势。因此,研发有增强免疫力功能的食品,具有良好的社会效益。
杜仲是中国特有的名贵滋补药材,杜仲叶富含黄酮、松酯醇二葡萄糖苷、京尼平苷、绿原酸、咖啡酸、桃叶珊瑚苷等多种营养元素,以及铁、锌、硒等矿物质,具有清肝明目,补肾益气,调脂降压、消炎抑菌、强筋骨、抗衰老、抗疲劳、增加免疫力等诸多功效。
目前市场上以杜仲叶为主要原料的功能性饮料较多,但缺乏一种能够开胃消食并且方便日常服用的杜仲保健品含片。此外,在现有的杜仲叶浸提方法中,都没有对杜仲叶的有效成分进行研究,而只有对其有效成分进行分析测定,才能制作出保健功效良好的产品。
发明人从事杜仲饮料研究多年,比如在本人2013年发明的中国专利“一种杜仲复合抗疲劳功能饮料的制备方法(申请号为201310658168.7)、一种去除杜仲叶萃取液异味配制保健饮料的方法(申请号为201310658201.6)、一种杜仲开胃保健饮品的制备方法(201310658256.7)”中,涉及了一种杜仲功能饮料的制备方法,将杜仲叶萃取后,采用臭氧处理和生物包埋处理的方法,克服了杜仲萃取液中的草腥味、苦味和涩味突出的难题,且浸取中采用了将杜仲叶在100℃煮沸及高温条件下进行的关键工艺。以上专利技术着重解决杜仲饮料制备中如何去除杜仲叶异味的难题,在实践中并没有对工艺进行优化调整,以防止或减少配制过程中有效成份(活性物质)的流失,从而确保饮料的保健功效。
发明内容
本发明提出了一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片及其制备方法,以杜仲叶浸膏粉为基础原料,混合添加了北虫草超微粉、灵芝孢子粉、铁皮石斛超微粉、螺旋藻超微粉、山药超微粉、灰树花超微粉和诺丽果超微粉,制成复方含片,起到人体免疫力的保健作用;同时在杜仲叶提取中进行了环节工艺优化,减少了有效成份的流失,确保了含片的保健功效。
本发明在杜仲叶浸膏粉的基础上,添加了以下辅料:(1)北虫草:含虫草酸,能显著降低人体颅压,促进机体代谢,缓解脑溢血、脑血栓的发生。所含虫草素能抑制肿瘤细胞生长,所含虫草多糖能促进人体淋巴细胞转换,提高机体免疫力,增强机体自身抗癌能力,所含SOD,能消除自由基,有抗衰老、抗肿瘤作用。(2)灵芝孢子粉:含灵芝多糖、灵芝酸、有机锗,硒元素,腺嘌呤核苷酸,能抑制血小板凝集,防止血栓形成,并有抗氧化、清除自由基、净化血液、增强吸氧、促进代谢等功效,还能抑制肿瘤细胞的生产和扩散。(3)铁皮石斛:有滋养阴津,增强体质,补益健脾,护肝利胆等作用,能治疗各类肠胃疾病和肝炎,能扩张血管,促进血液循环,降血酯、降胆固醇、降血压,并具有明亮眼目,强筋壮骨和抗疲劳的功效。(4)螺旋藻:富含藻多糖,可提高免疫力,清除血液毒素,增强补血造血功能,并有降脂、降压、降糖和抗癌作用。(5)山药:含皂苷、粘液质、山药碱、糖蛋白多酚氧化酶、多种氨基酸和矿物质。具有补中益气、消暑生津、提高免疫力和延缓衰老的功效。富含的铜离子与缔结组织,对人体发育和血管系统疾病有明显的治疗和保健作用。(6)灰树花:被誉为“真菌之王”“抗癌奇葩”,含灰树花多糖,能增强人体对胰岛素的敏感度,有利于控制血糖,具有降血压,提高免疫力和极强的抗癌功效,并能防止动脉硬化和脑血栓的发生。灰树花多糖的组成以β-葡聚糖为主,有较强的抗癌活性。(7)诺丽果:被誉为“植物之后”,可以作为很强的抗氧化剂,富含单宁和多种活性糖,能清除毒素,消除癌细胞,健脑并改善脑细胞及神经系统功能,促机体褪黑素及血清素产生,此外还能改善睡眠,增强记忆力,强化血液净化和细胞活化,促进细胞修复再生。将上述材料相结合,制成具有多重功效的复方含片,便于日常服用。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片,复方含片的配方为(质量比):杜仲叶浸膏粉10-15份,北虫草超微粉2-4份,灵芝孢子粉2-4份,铁皮石斛超微粉2-4份,螺旋藻超微粉2-4份,山药超微粉2-3份,灰树花超微粉3-5份,诺丽果超微粉2-4份,甘露醇70-80份,木糖醇4-8份,硬脂酸镁3-5份,壳聚糖0.1-0.3份,簿荷脑0.1-0.3份。
一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
【1】杜仲叶浸膏粉的制备:
【1.1】原料采集
将采集的新鲜杜仲叶在60-70℃的烘道内烘干后,采用黑色编织袋贮存于通风避光的仓库中备用;
【1.2】水浸提取
将清洗后的杜仲叶按照干杜仲叶:水=1:10-30(质量比)的比例进行水浸提提取,温度为60-70℃,水浸提取时间为3-4小时;
【1.3】过滤浓缩
将浸提液浓缩至固形物含量为20-30%(质量比);
【1.4】保护剂添加
在浓缩浆液中加入食用酸,使得pH值为3.5-4.0,再加入5%(质量比)的食用糖,然后加入5%-10%(质量比)的β-环糊精,制成杜仲叶浓缩液;
【1.5】喷雾干燥
将杜仲浓缩液置于喷雾干燥塔中进行喷雾干燥,制备得到杜仲叶浸膏粉,其中杜仲叶浸膏粉的含水率为5%-10%;制备的杜仲叶浸膏粉置于无菌铝箔袋中低温储存待用;
【2】混合造粒、压片
按照杜仲叶浸膏粉10-15份,北虫草超微粉2-4份,灵芝孢子粉2-4份,铁皮石斛超微粉2-4份,螺旋藻超微粉2-4份,山药超微粉2-3份,灰树花超微粉3-5份,诺丽果超微粉2-4份,甘露醇70-80份,木糖醇4-8份,硬脂酸镁3-5份,壳聚糖0.1-0.3份,簿荷脑0.1-0.3份的质量比,称重混料后加入70-90%纯度的乙醇浸润,制粒后烘干、压片;
【3】杀菌
将成品含片进行紫外线杀菌或微波杀菌,其中采用微波杀菌过程中温度控制在60-70℃;
【4】包装入库
包装、贴标、装箱及喷码入库。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.1】中杜仲叶的含水率低于13%。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.2】中的清洗分别采用自来水和纯净水,其中用自来水在水池中清洗后,将杜仲叶置于传送带上,用纯净水进行喷淋清洗。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.2】中采用超声逆回流连续提取设备进行提取。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.3】中将杜仲叶浸提液置于双效浓缩器中进行浓缩。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.5】中食用酸为柠檬酸。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.4】中食用糖为蔗糖或果糖。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【1.5】中喷雾干燥塔的出风温度为50-60℃。
上述提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法中,步骤【3】紫外线杀菌的时间为15-20分钟。
本发明具有的有益技术效果如下:
1、本发明针对目前现代人生活习惯不佳,免疫力下降,高血脂、高血压、高血糖及肿瘤发病率高等问题,优选了杜仲、北虫草、灵芝孢子粉、铁皮石斛、螺旋藻、山药、灰树花和诺丽果超微粉制成复方含片。其中北虫草、灵芝孢子粉、铁皮石斛、螺旋藻、山药、灰树花和诺丽果通过合理比例调配,起到提高免疫力、降三高、抗肿瘤的作用,而杜仲作为名贵滋补品,自身具有调脂降压和增强免疫力的滋补功效,同时还具有中性温和、作为臣药时排斥性小的药性特点,可与北虫草、灵芝孢子粉、铁皮石斛、螺旋藻、山药、灰树花和诺丽果等多种食药材配伍。含片长期服用后,在满足了现代人提高免疫力、抗癌保健要求外,还能起到清肝补肾、强筋骨、抗衰老等复合功效,全面滋补、一举多得。
2、本发明在对杜仲叶中绿原酸、黄酮、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙等营养成分的稳定性、抗氧化等特性深入研究的基础上,结合所配制饮料的特性,对影响原料制备中的光照、温度、pH值等因素进行了精确控制,大大提高了产品营养物质含量。
3、本发明在饮料的中间产品——浸膏粉制备中,对杜仲叶营养成分的流失特性进行了研究,通过添加柠檬酸或其他食品酸剂的方案,使得浓缩底浆的PH为3.5-4.0左右,有效防止了黄酮、绿原酸、京尼平甙酸等成分的流失,在后续利用底浆进行饮料配制中再调整至合适的PH值,保持了杜仲饮料特有口感。同时在浓缩底浆中加入了5%的食用糖,通过增加蔗糖浓度降低溶氧量,有效抑制了黄酮、绿原酸等物质的氧化分解。其中选择5%糖的添加量是综合考虑糖份比例对营养成分的保护程度,及过低的糖分对后续喷雾干燥中造成的结块、粘壁等影响,进行参数优化的结果。此外在喷雾干燥前添加了5%-10%的β-环糊精,利用其包埋作用及粉状物料的特点,在不影响喷雾干燥工艺的前提下,实现了营养成分的保留。
4、本发明中的原料在储存和制备过程中采取遮光处理,杜仲叶采用黑色编织袋储存,减小了光照对绿原酸、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙等带来的氧化分解影响;同时将采摘的新鲜杜仲叶及时进行加工处理制备成杜仲叶浓缩底浆或杜仲浸膏产品,并经过营养保护措施长期储存,并根据后续饮料配制的进度需求进行物流调配,避免了传统杜仲饮料制备中因杜仲叶的长期储存带来的营养成分流失,同时也减小了仓储面积及异地终端产品制备加工时的运输成本,适应了现代植物提取产品制造中产地进行原料粗加工提取、异地完成终端产品制造销售以节约成本的新模式。
5、本发明在浸膏粉制备中,对温度进行了精确控制,使得烘干、水浸提取、浓缩干燥中的温度控制在70℃以内,这些措施均有效防止了杜仲叶中有效成分的流失。
6、本发明采用了微波灭菌方式,灭菌过程中持续监测温度,并通过延长灭菌时间,将温度控制60-70℃,利用微波热效应与非热效应的共同作用,使微生物体内蛋白质和生理活动物质发生变异、发育延缓和死亡,达到食品灭菌、保鲜的目的,同时由于温度控制在65℃左右,减小了常规高温灭菌时对黄酮、绿原酸、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和松脂醇二葡萄糖甙的分解,提高了营养成分的保持率。同时在微波灭菌中,可将包装后的产品直接置于微波灭菌机中进行,方便了现场操作。
具体实施方式
发明人经长期研究发现,无论是在杜仲叶的储存、水浸提取还是饮料配制环节中,绿原酸、黄酮、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙、松脂醇二葡萄糖甙等营养成分都会发生不同程度分解及流失,主要影响因素有:
(1)储存时间及光照影响
传统的杜仲叶饮料加工中,新鲜杜仲叶采摘后在日光下暴晒干燥,以干叶形式进行长期储存,在饮料配制时根据需求再对杜仲叶原料进行水浸提取。而发明人及其他学者的研究成果表明,原料在长期储存过程中,受到外界因素的影响,尤其是光照对杜仲叶中黄酮、绿原酸、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和松脂醇二葡萄糖甙具有较大的影响作用,在光照下容易引起氧化分解造成营养流失。
针对原料长期储存中光照因素的影响作用,本发明摒弃了传统的杜仲叶的干燥及储存方式,在秋季原料采集完毕后采用烘干机器一次性烘干储存,并尽快对杜仲叶进行水浸提取处理,制成的杜仲叶浸膏粉置于冷库中进行储存。另外,在原料储存和制备过程采取了遮光处理,杜仲叶选用黑色编织袋储存,制备后的杜仲叶浓缩底浆则放置在遮光的铝箔袋中长期储存,这种方式不仅减少了营养成分的流失,而且将杜仲叶在产地长期储存的方式改为杜仲叶浸膏粉的长期储存,大大降低了仓储面积及异地饮料制备加工时的运输成本。
(2)温度参数的影响
传统的杜仲叶萃取通常在煮沸的开水中浸取数十分钟,而发明人最新的研究结果表明,杜仲饮料配制过程中,高温对黄酮、绿原酸、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和松脂醇二葡萄糖甙都有较大的影响,其中的绿原酸是热敏性物质,当加热温度超过70℃时,浸取液中绿原酸的含量会快速下降,因此需要对水浸温度进行控制,本发明采用超声逆回流连续提取设备在温度为60-70℃进行提取,在兼顾浸提效率的同时,减小营养成分的流失。
(3)酸碱度和糖分的影响
发明人的研究成果表明,饮料中恰当的含糖量和pH值对杜仲叶中营养成分的保护作用较为显著。在一定蔗糖浓度范围内,饮料中黄酮、绿原酸等成分的损失率随蔗糖浓度的增加而降低,这是由于糖含量的增加,使溶液中的氧含量下降,抑制了黄酮、绿原酸的氧化分解。故在浓缩底浆制备中有意加入了5%的蔗糖,满足了浸膏粉产品长期存储的要求,且该比例的糖分并不影响后续的喷雾干燥工序。后期饮料配制中按照生产需要加水稀释糖浓度,并不会影响产品的口感。
通过对酸碱度对营养成分影响的研究表明,对杜仲黄酮而言,其在酸性环境下抗氧化能力较强,在碱性环境下抗氧化活性显著降低;而对于绿原酸、京尼平甙酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和松脂醇二葡萄糖甙而言,在酸性环境下,其热稳定性也处于较佳状态,综合考虑不同成分对酸碱度的影响程度不一,并结合饮料制备工艺及感官要求,最终选择将浓缩液的酸碱度通过增加柠檬酸等食用酸的方案调配至PH为3.5-4.0,最大限度地实现了黄酮和绿原酸等不同营养成分的平衡保留。
(4)β-环糊精的包埋作用
发明人经研究发现,在杜仲叶浓缩液中加入一定比例的β-环糊精,可以有效抑制黄酮和绿原酸等营养成分的流失,这是由于β-环糊精主要成分为稳定的低聚糖,其包埋作用抑制了绿原酸、黄酮等营养成分的氧化分解,提高了热稳定性。且适量的β-环糊精不会对产品的口感产生影响,亦不会对杜仲浓缩液喷雾干燥制备浸膏粉的工序造成影响。
实施例一:
一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
【1】杜仲叶浸膏粉的制备:
【1.1】原料采集
采收当年6-9月的新鲜杜仲叶,置于循环烘道中在60℃进行烘干,使得杜仲叶的含水率低于13%,干叶采用黑色编织袋贮存于通风避光的仓库中备用;
【1.2】水浸提取
对杜仲叶进行清洗,清洗分为两步:第一步将杜仲叶置于水池中采用自来水清洗,洗掉叶面的尘土;第二步将清洗后的杜仲叶置于传送带上,采用纯净水进行喷淋清洗后沥干;
将清洗后的杜仲叶按照干杜仲叶原料:水=1:10(质量比)的比例,置于超声逆回流连续提取设备提取,温度为60℃,水浸提取时间为3小时;超声逆回流连续提取设备的工作原理是通过超声波发出的高频信号通过换能器转换成机械振荡波破坏了提取物的细胞壁,使有效成分以游离状态溶入水中完成提取过程,并确保水和提取物的有效成分快速融合溶出,有效成分不被破坏的同时,提取时间和效率显著提高。该设备可以在低温下自动实现连续进料和连续出料,具有省水、节能、提取率高等特点。
【1.3】过滤浓缩
将浸提液置于浓缩器中进行浓缩,浓缩至固形物含量为20%左右。浓缩器优选双效浓缩器,该装置采用外加热自然循环与真空负压方式,且可根据浓缩率来选择参数,具有蒸发速度快,浓缩比重大,无污染,清洗方便等特点。
【1.4】保护剂添加
在浓缩浆液中加入柠檬酸,边加边搅拌均匀并监测酸碱度,直到PH值为3.5为止;再按照5%(质量比)的比例加入蔗糖,然后加入10%(质量比)的β-环糊精,制成杜仲叶浓缩液;
加入食用酸、食用糖和β-环糊精的目的在于防止浓缩液中杜仲叶中营养成分的氧化损失,延长保质时间,且并不影响后续饮品口感。
【1.5】喷雾干燥
将杜仲浓缩液置于喷雾干燥塔中进行喷雾干燥,制备得到杜仲叶浸膏粉,控制进风温度为100℃,出风温度为50℃,制备得到的杜仲叶浸膏粉的含水率为5%-10%;
实施中物料经离心喷雾盘进入干燥塔内雾化,与干燥段内进风机送来的热风进行热交换,物料表面水分迅速蒸发,被干燥的浸膏粉降落于设备下面的锥体,塔内湿空气由排风机排出,废气中所带微粒经布袋过滤回收降至锥体上与浸膏粉混合,经旋转下料阀自动流出塔内。
【1.6】储存
将制成的杜仲叶浸膏粉在洁净工作间罐装至无菌铝箔袋中,并在气调库或冷库中进行储存,用于饮料及其他产品制备,其中冷库的储藏温度为-10~-5℃。
【2】混合造粒、压片
按照杜仲叶浸膏粉10份,北虫草超微粉2份,灵芝孢子粉2份,铁皮石斛超微粉2份,螺旋藻超微粉2份,山药超微粉2份,灰树花超微粉3份,诺丽果超微粉2份,甘露醇70份,木糖醇4份,硬脂酸镁3份,壳聚糖0.1份,簿荷脑0.1份的质量比进行配制。配方中杜仲叶浸膏粉为按照前面工艺自制的产品,其余的物料为市售的质量合格产品。壳聚糖具有一定的生物粘附性,能使上皮细胞粘蛋白润滑延长含片中有效成分在口腔粘膜表面的吸附时间,以促进有效成分的吸收。
将木糖醇、壳聚糖、甘露醇等辅料混合拌匀,过100目筛;然后将杜仲叶浸膏粉和复合功能性微粉过筛后与辅料混合均匀,加入70%纯度的乙醇,混合搅拌成湿料;将湿料放进造粒机中造粒,过16-18目筛,在60℃温度下干燥2小时,再过10-12目筛后,再将整好的粒料中加入簿荷脑和硬脂酸镁,置于压片机压制成含片。
【3】杀菌
将成品含片进行紫外线杀菌或微波杀菌,其中紫外线杀菌的时间为15分钟。微波杀菌中含片的温度控制在60℃;其中微波杀菌中微波的频率为2450MHz,灭菌的时间根据含片的产量及微波功率而定,灭菌后饮品的菌落总数和酵母菌含量均不超过国标规定。
【4】包装入库
包装、贴标、装箱及喷码入库。
实施例二:
提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
【1】杜仲叶浸膏粉的制备:
【1.1】原料采集
采收当年6-9月的新鲜杜仲叶,置于循环烘道中在70℃进行烘干,使得杜仲叶的含水率低于13%,干叶采用黑色编织袋贮存于通风避光的仓库中备用;
【1.2】水浸提取
对杜仲叶进行清洗,清洗分为两步:第一步将杜仲叶置于水池中采用自来水清洗,洗掉叶面的尘土;第二步将清洗后的杜仲叶置于传送带上,采用纯净水进行喷淋清洗后沥干;
将清洗后的杜仲叶按照干杜仲叶原料:水=1:30(质量比)的比例,置于超声逆回流连续提取设备提取,温度为70℃,水浸提取时间为4小时;超声逆回流连续提取设备的工作原理是通过超声波发出的高频信号通过换能器转换成机械振荡波破坏了提取物的细胞壁,使有效成分以游离状态溶入水中完成提取过程,并确保水和提取物的有效成分快速融合溶出,有效成分不被破坏的同时,提取时间和效率显著提高。该设备可以在低温下自动实现连续进料和连续出料,具有省水、节能、提取率高等特点。
【1.3】过滤浓缩
将浸提液置于浓缩器中进行浓缩,浓缩至固形物含量为30%左右。浓缩器优选双效浓缩器,该装置采用外加热自然循环与真空负压方式,且可根据浓缩率来选择参数,具有蒸发速度快,浓缩比重大,无污染,清洗方便等特点。
【1.4】保护剂添加
在浓缩浆液中加入柠檬酸,边加边搅拌均匀并监测酸碱度,直到PH值为4.0为止;再按照5%(质量比)的比例加入蔗糖,然后加入5%(质量比)的β-环糊精,制成杜仲叶浓缩液;
加入食用酸、食用糖和β-环糊精的目的在于防止浓缩液中杜仲叶中营养成分的氧化损失,延长保质时间,而且由于浓缩液和浸膏粉为饮料及其他产品配制的中间产物,且并不影响后续饮品口感。
【1.5】喷雾干燥
将杜仲浓缩液置于喷雾干燥塔中进行喷雾干燥,制备得到杜仲叶浸膏粉,控制进风温度为120℃,出风温度为60℃,制备得到的杜仲叶浸膏粉的含水率为5%-10%;
【1.6】储存
将制成的杜仲叶浸膏粉在洁净工作间罐装至无菌铝箔袋中,并在气调库或冷库中进行储存,用于饮料及其他产品制备,其中冷库的储藏温度为-10~-5℃。
【2】混合造粒、压片
按照杜仲叶浸膏粉15份,北虫草超微粉4份,灵芝孢子粉4份,铁皮石斛超微粉4份,螺旋藻超微粉4份,山药超微粉3份,灰树花超微粉5份,诺丽果超微粉4份,甘露醇80份,木糖醇8份,硬脂酸镁5份,壳聚糖0.3份,簿荷脑0.3份的质量比进行配制;杜仲叶浸膏粉为按照前面工艺自制的产品,其余的物料为市售的质量合格产品。壳聚糖具有一定的生物粘附性,能使上皮细胞粘蛋白润滑延长含片中有效成分在口腔粘膜表面的吸附时间,以促进有效成分的吸收;
将木糖醇、壳聚糖、甘露醇等辅料混合拌匀,过100目筛;然后将杜仲叶浸膏粉和复合功能性微粉过筛后与辅料混合均匀,加入90%纯度的乙醇,混合搅拌成湿料;将湿料放进造粒机中造粒,过16-18目筛,在70℃温度下干燥3小时,再过10-12目筛后,再将整好的粒料中加入簿荷脑和硬脂酸镁,置于压片机压制成含片。
将成品含片进行紫外线杀菌或微波杀菌,其中紫外线杀菌的时间为20分钟。微波杀菌中含片的温度控制在70℃;其中微波杀菌中微波的频率为2450MHz,灭菌的时间根据含片产量及微波功率而定,灭菌后饮品的菌落总数和酵母菌含量均不超过国标规定。
【4】包装入库
包装、贴标、装箱及喷码入库。
为了对上述的技术效果进行验证,本发明分别进行了杜仲叶烘干晾晒对比实验、萃取温度对比实验、PH值对比实验、糖度对比实验、β-环糊精包埋实验,并采用色谱柱,按照国家标准测量方法,测定了黄酮、绿原酸、松脂醇二葡萄糖甙等营养成分的含量。实验结果如下:
(1)烘干晾晒对比实验
将采摘的新鲜杜仲叶分成相同质量的三份,分别进行了新鲜树叶直接萃取、太阳下晾干和60-70℃机器烘干实验,其中太阳下晾干在秋季通风环境下持续一周,采用相同的工艺条件完成水浸提取。每组重复三次试验,取其平均值,测定其营养成分的相对含量。结果如表1所示。
表1烘干晾晒比对实验结果
黄酮保留率 | 绿原酸保留率 | |
新鲜杜仲叶水浸提取 | 100% | 100% |
太阳晾晒 | 86.7% | 83.5% |
机器烘干 | 95.2% | 94.4% |
表1实验数据说明,采用60-70℃机器烘干技术,比传统的太阳下晾干对黄酮和绿原酸可提高10%左右的保留量。
(2)萃取温度比对实验
将相等质量的杜仲干叶置于提取罐中水浸提取,只改变水浸温度,其他参数相同,在设定的温度下加热30分钟,然后在60℃下保持3小时,测量其营养成分的相对含量。每组重复三次试验,取其平均值,结果如表2所示。
表2萃取温度比对实验
浸提温度 | 100℃ | 90℃ | 80℃ | 70℃ | 60℃ | 50℃ |
绿原酸 | 75.2% | 80.4% | 88.5% | 96.8% | 105.3% | 100% |
松脂醇二葡萄糖甙 | 73.3% | 79.1% | 85.5% | 92.2% | 98.2% | 100% |
表2实验数据说明,萃取温度对营养成分的保留至关重要。
(3)PH值比对实验
浸提液中添加适量柠檬酸,调节pH至设定值,在室温下避光保存3个月,测定其营养成分的相对含量,每组重复三次试验,取其平均值,结果如表3所示。
表3PH值比对实验
PH值 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
绿原酸 | 110.3% | 104.6% | 103.5% | 100% |
黄酮 | 114.3% | 109.1% | 102.8% | 100% |
表3实验数据说明,将浸提液处于酸性环境下,利于营养物质的长期保存。
(4)糖度比对实验
浸提液中添加适量蔗糖,调节含糖量,在室温下避光保存3个月,测定其营养成分的相对含量,每组重复三次试验,取其平均值,结果如表4所示。
表4糖度比对实验
含糖量 | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 30% |
绿原酸 | 83.4% | 92.0% | 94.6% | 97.1% | 97.2% | 97.9% | 100% |
黄酮 | 84.3% | 91.9% | 95.2% | 96.5% | 97.2% | 98.0% | 100% |
表4实验数据说明,添加蔗糖有助于浸提液营养物质的长期保存。
(5)β-环糊精包埋实验
浸提液中添加适量的β-环糊精,调节添加比例,在室温下避光保存3个月,测定其营养成分的相对含量,每组重复三次试验,取其平均值,结果如表5所示。
表5β-环糊精包埋实验
β-环糊精量 | 0% | 2% | 4% | 6% | 8% | 10% |
绿原酸 | 88.2% | 90.4% | 90.4% | 93.0% | 94.6% | 100% |
松脂醇二葡萄糖甙 | 90.2% | 93.6% | 93.0% | 95.6% | 97.8% | 100% |
表5实验数据说明,给杜仲叶浸提液加入β-环糊精,有助于营养物质的长期保存。
本发明对饮料及其他产品配制中影响杜仲叶营养成分的温度、光照、酸碱度、含糖量等进行了参数优化和精确控制,将其成功用于浸膏粉的制备中,进一步的实验表明,本发明与传统的杜仲叶提取技术相比,其黄酮、绿原酸等营养成分的保留率提高了20%-30%,有效降低了产品中营养成分的流失,确保了杜仲叶饮料的保健功效性。
依据本发明制备的杜仲叶复方含片,具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、提高人体免疫力等保健功效,能满足现代社会快节奏生活中人群的保健需求,市场前景广阔。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片,其特征在于,复方含片的配方为(质量比):杜仲叶浸膏粉10-15份,北虫草超微粉2-4份,灵芝孢子粉2-4份,铁皮石斛超微粉2-4份,螺旋藻超微粉2-4份,山药超微粉2-3份,灰树花超微粉3-5份,诺丽果超微粉2-4份,甘露醇70-80份,木糖醇4-8份,硬脂酸镁3-5份,壳聚糖0.1-0.3份,簿荷脑0.1-0.3份。
2.一种提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
【1】杜仲叶浸膏粉的制备:
【1.1】原料采集
将采集的新鲜杜仲叶在60-70℃的烘道内烘干后,采用黑色编织袋贮存于通风避光的仓库中备用;
【1.2】水浸提取
将清洗后的杜仲叶按照干杜仲叶:水=1:10-30(质量比)的比例进行水浸提提取,温度为60-70℃,水浸提取时间为3-4小时;
【1.3】过滤浓缩
将浸提液浓缩至固形物含量为20-30%(质量比);
【1.4】保护剂添加
在浓缩浆液中加入食用酸,使得pH值为3.5-4.0,再加入5%(质量比)的食用糖,然后加入5%-10%(质量比)的β-环糊精,制成杜仲叶浓缩液;
【1.5】喷雾干燥
将杜仲浓缩液置于喷雾干燥塔中进行喷雾干燥,制备得到杜仲叶浸膏粉,其中杜仲叶浸膏粉的含水率为5%-10%;制备的杜仲叶浸膏粉置于无菌铝箔袋中低温储存待用;
【2】混合造粒、压片
按照杜仲叶浸膏粉10-15份,北虫草超微粉2-4份,灵芝孢子粉2-4份,铁皮石斛超微粉2-4份,螺旋藻超微粉2-4份,山药超微粉2-3份,灰树花超微粉3-5份,诺丽果超微粉2-4份,甘露醇70-80份,木糖醇4-8份,硬脂酸镁3-5份,壳聚糖0.1-0.3份,簿荷脑0.1-0.3份的质量比,称重混料后加入70-90%纯度的乙醇浸润,制粒后烘干、压片;
【3】杀菌
将成品含片进行紫外线杀菌或微波杀菌,其中采用微波杀菌过程中温度控制在60-70℃;
【4】包装入库
包装、贴标、装箱及喷码入库。
3.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.1】中杜仲叶的含水率低于13%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.2】中的清洗分别采用自来水和纯净水,其中用自来水在水池中清洗后,将杜仲叶置于传送带上,用纯净水进行喷淋清洗。
5.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.2】中采用超声逆回流连续提取设备进行提取。
6.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.3】中将杜仲叶浸提液置于双效浓缩器中进行浓缩。
7.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.5】中食用酸为柠檬酸。
8.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.4】中食用糖为蔗糖、白砂糖或果糖。
9.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【1.5】中喷雾干燥塔的出风温度为50-60℃。
10.根据权利要求2所述的提高人体免疫力的杜仲叶复方含片的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤【3】紫外线杀菌的时间为15-20分钟。
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