CN109342361B - Method for detecting transition metal in astronaut urine based on liquid core waveguide LIBS - Google Patents
Method for detecting transition metal in astronaut urine based on liquid core waveguide LIBS Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting transition metals in urine of astronauts based on liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum, which is realized on a liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum system. The detection method comprises five steps of continuous sample introduction of test liquid, dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS test, real-time collection of waste liquid, test completion, data post-treatment, residual waste liquid post-treatment and the like. The invention has the advantages that multipoint repeated micro-area LIBS measurement signal accumulation is adopted, the problem of detection of transition metal in urine is solved, and a direct current electric field method is adopted in waste liquid collection to meet the requirements under microgravity environment; and finally, clean water is adopted for cleaning the liquid core, so that the requirements of environmental protection and sanitation are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-area detection method, in particular to a detection method based on liquid core waveguide laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which is suitable for daily monitoring of transition metal in urine of astronauts in a microgravity environment of a space station and belongs to the field of photoelectric detection.
Background
Manned space refers to the flying activities of people in space to and from the earth, such as driving a spacecraft to carry out various sciences, tests, researches and the like. The regions where astronauts work are mainly manned spacecrafts, space stations, extraterrestrial camps and the like. Where space stations are the most common and longer-term workplaces. In space stations, astronauts are in a long term microgravity environment and their physical condition needs to be monitored at any time in order to discover their potential health effects and problems.
Health monitoring of astronauts in a spacecraft may take many test samples. Wherein, the monitoring to the urine of the astronaut is very important and is easy to obtain. Studies have shown that some diseases are related to the concentration of certain transition metals in human body fluids. For example, Wilson's disease may occur if the urine contains a relatively low amount of copper. By analyzing the copper content in the urine, Hodgkin disease, leukemia and other malignant diseases can be judged; the sodium urine determination can be used to determine whether salt intake is sufficient and there is a large loss of salt, and can also assist in monitoring low-salt diet and post-operative electrolyte supervision, and assist in determining electrolyte balance in patients with emesis, severe diarrhea, and heat-related aging. The kidney is the main excretory organ of sodium salt, and the function and pathological changes of the kidney can be known by measuring natrium urinaria. The increase of natrium in urine can be adrenal cortex insufficiency, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, etc.; the decrease in natriuresis may be hyperadrenic adrenocortical function, decrease in urine volume in the late stage of chronic renal failure, or anuresis.
Therefore, the detection of transition metals in urine can monitor daily health and can also be used for determining certain diseases. At present, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and ion chromatography are commonly adopted for detecting transition metals in urine, the detection sensitivity of the AAS method to copper is low, and a combustion system is easily blocked by body fluid; the ion chromatography needs a complex ion chromatography exchange column structure and auxiliary reagents, the device structure and the test operation are complex, and the requirement of the astronaut for operation and detection and the requirement of the astronaut environment are difficult to satisfy. Therefore, a detection method suitable for the astronaut to rapidly, efficiently and conveniently find and design corresponding detection equipment are needed to meet the requirement of health real-time diagnosis of the astronaut.
The Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method is a convenient and feasible method for detecting atoms, particularly metal atoms, but because the content of metal elements in urine is low, and a single-point single-micro-area LIBS signal is very weak, multi-point multi-time micro-area LIBS measurement signal accumulation is needed to be integrated, the detection problem of transition metals in urine is solved, and in addition, the space flight requirements in the aspects of microgravity, sample introduction, residual liquid recovery, compactness, durability and the like need to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above requirements, the present invention aims to provide a method for detecting transition metals in urine of an astronaut based on a liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum, which can detect LIBS signals of trace metals such as copper and sodium in urine under the aerospace environment requirements in the aspects of microgravity, compactness, durability, and the like, thereby realizing real-time diagnosis of part of physiological indexes of the astronaut reflecting health conditions.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a method for detecting transition metals in urine of astronauts based on liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum, which is realized on a liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum system, wherein the system mainly comprises a main controller, a collection subsystem, a LIBS subsystem and a sample introduction subsystem;
the LIBS subsystem is responsible for LIBS laser emission and LIBS signal receiving and comprises a microscope objective, a dichroic mirror, a beam expanding mirror, an LIBS laser, an optical fiber coupling mirror, a receiving optical fiber, an LIBS spectrometer and a time delay controller; the delay controller is provided with a control port A and a control port B which are respectively connected with a spectrometer external trigger port of the LIBS spectrometer and a laser external trigger port of the LIBS laser; the delay controller sends out a pulse signal with certain delay through the control port A and the control port B to adjust the delay between the light emission of the LIBS laser and the signal acquisition of the LIBS spectrometer; the sample injection subsystem is used for sending a test liquid sample (injection: astronaut urine) to the LIBS subsystem for analysis;
the sample introduction subsystem consists of a connecting hose, a liquid inlet device, an electric piston, a stepper motor, a flow inlet pipe, a liquid inlet and a sealing cover; introducing the test liquid sample into a liquid inlet device through a liquid inlet, and covering a sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the inlet pipe is communicated with the liquid core waveguide tube, and the inlet pipe is connected with the liquid inlet device through the connecting hose; the stepper motor can drive the electric piston to move horizontally in the liquid inlet device, and the test liquid sample is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow tube;
the collecting subsystem is used for collecting the test liquid sample in the microgravity environment of the space station to prevent the environment from being polluted; the collecting subsystem consists of a direct current power supply, an electric cathode, a hemispherical cover, an outflow pipe, an electric anode, a waste liquid box and a window glass slide; the outflow pipe is communicated with the liquid core waveguide pipe; the inner wall of the hemispherical cover is provided with an electric cathode, and the inlet of the waste liquid tank is provided with an electric anode; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected with the electric anode and the electric cathode to maintain an electric field between the electric anode and the electric cathode; the test liquid sample in the liquid core waveguide tube is sprayed to the electric cathode along the spraying axis through the outflow tube, so that the test liquid sample with negative charges is attracted to the electric anode under the action of an electric field and enters the waste liquid tank; the semispherical cover is provided with a window glass slide, so that LIBS test is facilitated;
the LIBS laser can emit a narrow pulse laser beam with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left along the optical main shaft, the narrow pulse laser beam passes through the dichroic mirror after being expanded by the beam expander (the diameter of the obtained laser beam is matched with the entrance pupil of the microscope objective), passes through the dichroic mirror, passes through the microscope objective and a window glass slide, and can be focused to a test liquid sample (such as the urine of a astronaut) at a focusing test point, an LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point is transmitted to the right along the optical main shaft, sequentially passes through the window glass slide and the microscope objective, is transmitted along a receiving optical axis after being reflected by the dichroic mirror, is focused by the optical fiber coupling mirror, enters a receiving optical fiber and is transmitted to the LIBS spectrometer for;
the main controller is used for starting and closing the direct-current power supply, the LIBS laser, the delay controller and the LIBS spectrometer, sending a control instruction to the stepper motor, setting working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer and receiving spectral data of the LIBS spectrometer for analysis;
the invention provides a method for detecting transition metals in urine of astronauts based on liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) continuous sample introduction of test liquid
Introducing a test liquid sample (injection: astronaut urine) into the liquid inlet device through the liquid inlet, and covering the sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the main controller sends an instruction to start the direct current power supply and then sends a control instruction to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate to the right in the liquid inlet device, and the test liquid sample is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow tube; the sample introduction process is continuously carried out, and the whole test process is continued until the test is finished;
(2) dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS testing
When the whole liquid core waveguide tube is filled with the test liquid sample along the liquid core axis, the main controller sets the working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer; then starting a delay controller, wherein the delay controller firstly starts the LIBS laser according to a preset delay value and then starts the LIBS spectrometer; the LIBS laser emits narrow pulse laser with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left, the narrow pulse laser is expanded by a beam expander, then passes through a dichroic mirror, passes through a microscope objective and a window glass slide, and is focused to a test liquid sample (such as astronaut urine) at a focusing test point, an LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point is transmitted rightwards along an optical main shaft, sequentially passes through the window glass slide and the microscope objective, is reflected by the dichroic mirror, is transmitted along a receiving optical axis, is focused by an optical fiber coupling mirror to enter a receiving optical fiber and is transmitted to an LIBS spectrometer, the LIBS spectrometer transmits LIBS spectral data to a main controller in real time, and the main controller continuously collects and stores dynamic liquid core wave LIBS spectral data along with continuous sample injection;
(3) real-time collection of waste liquid
In the testing process, sample introduction is continuously carried out; the test liquid sample in the liquid core waveguide tube is sprayed to the electric cathode along the spraying axis through the outflow tube, so that the test liquid sample with negative charges is attracted to the electric anode under the action of an electric field and enters the waste liquid tank;
(4) test end and data post-processing
When the electric piston moves to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device in a translation way, the whole liquid inlet device is free from a test liquid sample, and the test is finished; the main controller sends an instruction to close the delay controller, and then closes the LIBS laser and the LIBS spectrometer; the main controller carries out statistical accumulation processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS spectral data to obtain LIBS signals of trace metals such as copper, sodium and the like in urine reflecting the health condition of the astronauts, so that the real-time diagnosis of partial physiological indexes of the astronauts is realized;
(5) post-treatment of residual waste liquid
The main controller sends a control command to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate leftwards in the liquid inlet device until reaching the leftmost position of the liquid inlet device; opening the sealing cover, introducing clean water into the liquid inlet device through the liquid inlet, and covering the sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the main controller sends a control instruction to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate to the right in the liquid inlet device, clean water is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow pipe, meanwhile, residual waste liquid in the liquid core waveguide tube is pressed into the collecting subsystem to be collected until the electric piston translates to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device, at the moment, only clean water exists in the liquid core waveguide tube, the main controller sends an instruction, and the direct-current power supply is disconnected.
The invention has the advantages that multipoint repeated micro-area LIBS measurement signal accumulation is adopted, the problem of detection of transition metal in urine is solved, and a direct current electric field method is adopted in waste liquid collection to meet the requirements under microgravity environment; and finally, clean water is adopted for cleaning the liquid core, so that the requirements of environmental protection and sanitation are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention, in which: 1-direct current power supply; 2-an electric cathode; 3-a hemispherical cover; 4-injection axis; 5-a flow outlet pipe; 6-liquid core waveguide; 7-liquid core axis; 8-inflow pipe; 9-control port B; 10-microscope objective; 11-optical principal axis; 12-dichroic mirror; 13-laser external trigger port; 14-beam expander; 15-LIBS laser; 16-spectrometer external trigger port; 17-fiber coupled mirror; 18-receiving fiber; 19-LIBS spectrometer; 20-connecting hose; 21-liquid inlet device; 22-test liquid sample; 23-electric piston; 24-stepper motor; 25-main controller; 26-time delay controller; 27-control port A; 28-an electrical anode; 29-waste tank; 30-collection subsystem; 31-LIBS subsystem; 32-sample introduction subsystem; 33-receive optical axis; 34-a liquid inlet; 35-sealing cover; 36-focus test point; 37-window slide.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1.
The method for detecting the transition metal in the urine of the astronaut based on the liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum is realized on a system realized on a liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum system, and the system mainly comprises a main controller 25, a collection subsystem 30, a LIBS subsystem 31 and a sample introduction subsystem 32;
the LIBS subsystem 31 is responsible for LIBS laser emission and LIBS signal reception, and is composed of a microscope objective lens 10, a dichroic mirror 12, a beam expander 14, a LIBS laser 15, an optical fiber coupling mirror 17, a receiving optical fiber 18, a LIBS spectrometer 19 and a delay controller 26; the delay controller 26 is provided with a control port A27 and a control port B9 which are respectively connected with a spectrometer external trigger port 16 of the LIBS spectrometer 19 and a laser external trigger port 13 of the LIBS laser 15; the delay controller 26 sends out a pulse signal with a certain delay through the control port a27 and the control port B9 to adjust the delay between the light output of the LIBS laser 15 and the signal acquisition of the LIBS spectrometer 19;
the sample injection subsystem 32 is used for sending the test liquid sample 22 (injection: astronaut urine) to the LIBS subsystem 31 for analysis; the sample introduction subsystem 32 consists of a connecting hose 20, a liquid inlet device 21, an electric piston 23, a stepper motor 24, an inflow pipe 8, a liquid inlet 34 and a sealing cover 35; the test liquid sample 22 is led into the liquid inlet device 21 through the liquid inlet 34, and the sealing cover 35 is covered after the liquid inlet is finished; the inflow pipe 8 is communicated with the liquid core waveguide tube 6, and the connection hose 20 connects the inflow pipe 8 with the liquid inlet device 21; the stepper motor 24 can drive the electric piston 23 to move horizontally in the liquid inlet device 21, and slowly push the test liquid sample 22 into the liquid core waveguide tube 6 through the connecting hose 20 and the inlet tube 8;
the collecting subsystem 30 is used for collecting the test liquid sample 22 in the microgravity environment of the space station to prevent the environment from being polluted; the collecting subsystem 30 consists of a direct current power supply 1, an electric cathode 2, a hemispherical cover 3, an outflow pipe 5, an electric anode 28, a waste liquid box 29 and a window glass slide 37; the outflow pipe 5 is communicated with the liquid core waveguide pipe 6; the inner wall of the hemispherical cover 3 is provided with an electric cathode 2, and the inlet of a waste liquid box 29 is provided with an electric anode 28; the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current power supply 1 are respectively connected with the electric anode 28 and the electric cathode 2 to maintain the electric field between the electric anode 28 and the electric cathode 2; the test liquid sample 22 in the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is sprayed to the electric cathode 2 along the spraying axis 4 through the outflow tube 5, so as to be charged with negative charges, and is attracted to the electric anode 28 and enters the waste liquid tank 29 under the action of an electric field; a window glass slide 37 is arranged on the hemispherical cover 3, so that LIBS test is facilitated;
the LIBS laser 15 can emit a narrow pulse laser beam (with a wavelength of 1064nm, a pulse width of 0.6ns, and a repetition frequency of 300Hz in this embodiment) with a certain wavelength λ from right to left along the optical main shaft 11, and after being expanded by the beam expander 14 (note: the diameter of the obtained laser beam matches with the entrance pupil of the microscope objective 10), the laser beam passes through the dichroic mirror 12 (with a transmission of 1064nm and a reflection of 200 and 950nm in this embodiment), passes through the microscope objective 10 and the window glass 37, and can be focused on the test liquid sample 22 (note: the urine of a astronaut) at the focus test point 36, and the LIBS signal excited at the focus test point 36 is transmitted right along the optical main shaft 11, passes through the window glass 37 and the microscope objective 10 in sequence, is reflected by the dichroic mirror 12, transmitted along the receiving optical axis 33, focused by the fiber coupling mirror 17, enters the receiving fiber 18, and is;
the main controller 25 is used for starting and closing the direct current power supply 1, the LIBS laser 15, the delay controller 26 and the LIBS spectrometer 19, sending a control instruction to the stepper motor 24, setting working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer 19, and receiving spectral data of the LIBS spectrometer 19 for analysis;
the invention provides a method for detecting transition metals in urine of astronauts based on liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) continuous sample introduction of test liquid
Introducing a test liquid sample 22 (injection: astronaut urine) into the liquid inlet device 21 through the liquid inlet 34, and covering the sealing cover 35 after the introduction is finished; the main controller 25 sends an instruction to start the direct current power supply 1, and then sends a control instruction to the stepper motor 24 to drive the electric piston 23 to slowly translate rightward in the liquid inlet device 21, and slowly push the test liquid sample 22 into the liquid core waveguide tube 6 through the connecting hose 20 and the inflow tube 8; the sample introduction process is continuously carried out, and the whole test process is continued until the test is finished;
(2) dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS testing
When the test liquid sample 22 fills the entire liquid core waveguide 6 along the liquid core axis 7, the main controller 25 sets the operating parameters of the LIBS spectrometer 19; then starting a delay controller 26, wherein the delay controller 26 starts the LIBS laser 15 first and then starts the LIBS spectrometer 19 according to a preset delay value; the LIBS laser 15 emits narrow pulse laser with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left, the narrow pulse laser is expanded by the beam expander 14, then the narrow pulse laser passes through the dichroic mirror 12, passes through the microscope objective 10 and passes through the window glass 37, and is focused to a test liquid sample 22 (such as the urine of a astronaut) at the focusing test point 36, the LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point 36 is transmitted to the right along the optical main shaft 11, passes through the window glass 37 and the microscope objective 10 in sequence, is reflected by the dichroic mirror 12, is transmitted along the receiving optical axis 33, is focused by the fiber coupling mirror 17, enters the receiving optical fiber 18, and is transmitted to the LIBS spectrometer 19, the LIBS spectrometer 19 transmits LIBS spectral data to the main controller 25 in real time, and the main controller 25 continuously collects and stores the dynamic liquid core wave LIBS spectral data along with continuous sample;
(3) real-time collection of waste liquid
In the testing process, sample introduction is continuously carried out; the test liquid sample 22 in the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is sprayed to the electric cathode 2 along the spraying axis 4 through the outflow tube 5, so as to be charged with negative charges, and is attracted to the electric anode 28 and enters the waste liquid tank 29 under the action of an electric field;
(4) test end and data post-processing
When the electric piston 23 is translated to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device 21, the whole liquid inlet device 21 has no test liquid sample 22, and the test is finished; the main controller 25 sends an instruction to close the delay controller 26, and then closes the LIBS laser 15 and the LIBS spectrometer 19; the main controller 25 performs statistical accumulation processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS spectral data to obtain LIBS signals of trace metals such as copper, sodium and the like in urine reflecting the health condition of the astronauts, so that the real-time diagnosis of partial physiological indexes of the astronauts is realized;
(5) post-treatment of residual waste liquid
The main controller 25 sends a control instruction to the stepper motor 24 to drive the electric piston 23 to slowly translate leftwards in the liquid inlet device 21 until reaching the leftmost position of the liquid inlet device 21; opening the sealing cover 35, leading clean water into the liquid inlet device 21 through the liquid inlet 34, and covering the sealing cover 35 after leading is completed; the main controller 25 sends a control instruction to the stepper motor 24 to drive the electric piston 23 to slowly translate rightward in the liquid inlet device 21, clean water is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube 6 through the connecting hose 20 and the inflow pipe 8, meanwhile, residual waste liquid in the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is pressed into the collection subsystem 30 to be collected, and the process is finished until the electric piston 23 translates to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device 21, at the moment, only clean water exists in the liquid core waveguide tube 6, the main controller 25 sends an instruction, and the direct current power supply 1 is disconnected.
Claims (1)
1. A method for detecting transition metal in urine of astronaut based on liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum is realized on a liquid core waveguide LIBS spectrum system, which comprises a main controller (25), a collection subsystem (30), an LIBS subsystem (31) and a sample introduction subsystem (32); the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) continuous sample introduction of test liquid
Introducing a test liquid sample, namely the urine of the astronaut into a liquid inlet device through a liquid inlet, and covering a sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the main controller sends an instruction to start the direct current power supply and then sends a control instruction to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate to the right in the liquid inlet device, and the test liquid sample is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow tube; the sample introduction process is continuously carried out, and the whole test process is continued until the test is finished;
2) dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS testing
When the whole liquid core waveguide tube is filled with the test liquid sample along the liquid core axis, the main controller sets the working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer; then starting a delay controller, wherein the delay controller firstly starts the LIBS laser according to a preset delay value and then starts the LIBS spectrometer; the LIBS laser emits narrow pulse laser with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left, the narrow pulse laser is expanded by a beam expander, then passes through a dichroic mirror, passes through a microscope objective and a window glass slide, and is focused to a test liquid sample at a focusing test point, LIBS signals excited at the focusing test point are transmitted to the right along an optical main shaft, sequentially pass through the window glass slide and the microscope objective, are reflected by the dichroic mirror, are transmitted along a receiving optical axis, are focused by an optical fiber coupling mirror, enter a receiving optical fiber and are transmitted to an LIBS spectrometer, the LIBS spectrometer transmits LIBS spectral data to a main controller in real time, and the main controller continuously collects and stores dynamic liquid core wave LIBS spectral data along with continuous sample introduction;
3) real-time collection of waste liquid
In the testing process, sample introduction is continuously carried out; the test liquid sample in the liquid core waveguide tube is sprayed to the electric cathode along the spraying axis through the outflow tube, so that the test liquid sample with negative charges is attracted to the electric anode under the action of an electric field and enters the waste liquid tank;
4) test end and data post-processing
When the electric piston moves to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device in a translation way, the whole liquid inlet device is free from a test liquid sample, and the test is finished; the main controller sends an instruction to close the delay controller, and then closes the LIBS laser and the LIBS spectrometer; the main controller carries out statistical accumulation processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS spectral data to obtain LIBS signals of trace metals such as copper, sodium and the like in urine reflecting the health condition of the astronauts, so that the real-time diagnosis of partial physiological indexes of the astronauts is realized;
5) post-treatment of residual waste liquid
The main controller sends a control command to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate leftwards in the liquid inlet device until reaching the leftmost position of the liquid inlet device; opening the sealing cover, introducing clean water into the liquid inlet device through the liquid inlet, and covering the sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the main controller sends a control instruction to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate to the right in the liquid inlet device, clean water is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow pipe, meanwhile, residual waste liquid in the liquid core waveguide tube is pressed into the collecting subsystem to be collected until the electric piston translates to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device, at the moment, only clean water exists in the liquid core waveguide tube, the main controller sends an instruction, and the direct-current power supply is disconnected.
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