CN109342390B - Space station astronaut urine combined spectrum detection system - Google Patents
Space station astronaut urine combined spectrum detection system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a space station astronaut urine combined spectrum detection system, which is suitable for daily monitoring of creatinine, protein, urea and transition metal in astronaut urine under a space station microgravity environment and mainly comprises a main controller, a collection subsystem, a LIBS subsystem, a Raman spectrum subsystem and a sample introduction subsystem; the method has the advantages that the method for detecting the urine component of the astronaut can simultaneously realize the enhancement of a weak Raman signal and the accumulation of multipoint repeated micro-area LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy) measurement signals, and the statistical measurement of a large amount of samples can be realized, so that the urine component detection of the astronaut is more reliable; a direct current electric field method is adopted in waste liquid collection, so that the requirement under the microgravity environment is met; and finally, clean water is adopted for cleaning the liquid core, so that the requirements of environmental protection and sanitation are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-area detection system, in particular to a combined spectrum micro-area detection system based on liquid core waveguide, which is suitable for daily monitoring of the urine of astronauts in the microgravity environment of a space station and belongs to the field of photoelectric detection.
Background
Manned space refers to the flying activities of people in space to and from the earth, such as driving a spacecraft to carry out various sciences, tests, researches and the like. The regions where astronauts work are mainly manned spacecrafts, space stations, extraterrestrial camps and the like. Where space stations are the most common and longer-term workplaces. In space stations, astronauts are in a long term microgravity environment and their physical condition needs to be monitored at any time in order to invent their potential health effects and problems.
Health monitoring of astronauts in a spacecraft may take many test samples. Wherein, the monitoring to the urine of the astronaut is very important and is easy to obtain. Substances monitored include creatinine, protein, urea, and the like. Creatinine in urine, for example, is a product of muscle metabolism in the human body and is primarily excreted by glomerular filtration. The creativity of creatinine can be 1mg per 20g of muscle metabolism, and when the food intake of meat is stable, the creativity of creatinine is relatively constant without great change of the muscle metabolism of the body. Urea nitrogen increased with creatinine indicating severe kidney damage. In addition, some diseases are related to the concentration of certain transition metals in human body fluids. For example, Wilson's disease may occur if the urine contains a relatively low amount of copper. By analyzing the copper content in the urine, Hodgkin disease, leukemia and other malignant diseases can be judged; the sodium urine determination can be used to determine whether salt intake is sufficient and there is a large loss of salt, and can also assist in monitoring low-salt diet and post-operative electrolyte supervision, and assist in determining electrolyte balance in patients with emesis, severe diarrhea, and heat-related aging. The kidney is the main excretory organ of sodium salt, and the function and pathological changes of the kidney can be known by measuring natrium urinaria. The increase of natrium in urine can be adrenal cortex insufficiency, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, etc.; the decrease in natriuresis may be hyperadrenic adrenocortical function, decrease in urine volume in the late stage of chronic renal failure, or anuresis. The detection of transition metals in urine can monitor daily health and can also be used for determining certain diseases.
At present, a urine detection instrument adopts different principles including a pH value, a specific density method, an acid-base index agent, an enzyme method and the like in the detection of creatinine, protein, urea and the like in urine, and needs a large amount of reagents and the like for supporting, so that the requirement of operation and detection of astronauts cannot be met. At present, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and ion chromatography are commonly adopted for detecting transition metals in urine, the detection sensitivity of the AAS method to copper is low, and a combustion system is easily blocked by body fluid; the ion chromatography needs a complex ion chromatography exchange column structure and auxiliary reagents, the device structure and the test operation are complex, and the requirement of the astronaut for operation and detection and the requirement of the astronaut environment are difficult to satisfy. Therefore, a rapid, efficient and convenient detection method suitable for astronauts and corresponding detection equipment are needed to be found for creatinine, protein, urea and transition metals so as to meet the requirement of health real-time diagnosis of the astronauts.
The laser Raman spectroscopy method is a convenient and feasible method for detecting creatinine, protein, urea and the like in urine, but because the contents of the creatinine, the protein, the urea and the like in the urine are low, and a Raman signal is weak, the problem that the signal is weak needs to be solved if the Raman spectroscopy is used for monitoring the urine of astronauts. The Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method is a convenient and feasible method for detecting transition metals in urine, but because the content of metal elements in urine is low and a single-point single-micro-area LIBS signal is very weak, multi-point multi-time micro-area LIBS measurement signal accumulation is needed to be integrated, and the problem of detection of the transition metals in urine is solved. In addition, the two methods also need to consider the requirements of the space flight in the aspects of microgravity, sample introduction, residual liquid recovery, compactness, durability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above requirements, the present invention aims to provide a system for detecting creatinine, protein, urea, and transition metals in urine of an astronaut based on liquid core waveguide raman and LIBS spectroscopy, which can detect LIBS signals of creatinine, protein, urea, and trace metals such as copper and sodium in urine under the aerospace environment requirements in the aspects of microgravity, compactness, durability, etc., thereby implementing real-time diagnosis of part of physiological indexes of the astronaut reflecting health conditions.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the detection system for creatinine, protein, urea and transition metal in the urine of the astronaut based on the liquid core waveguide Raman and LIBS combined spectrum mainly comprises a main controller, a collection subsystem, an LIBS subsystem, a Raman spectrum subsystem and a sample injection subsystem;
the LIBS subsystem is responsible for LIBS laser emission and LIBS signal reception and comprises a microscope objective, a dichroic mirror, a beam expanding lens, an LIBS laser, an optical fiber coupling mirror, a receiving optical fiber, an LIBS spectrometer and a delay controller; the delay controller is provided with a control port A and a control port B which are respectively connected with a spectrometer external trigger port of the LIBS spectrometer and a laser external trigger port of the LIBS laser; the delay controller sends out a pulse signal with certain delay through the control port A and the control port B to adjust the delay between the light emission of the LIBS laser and the signal acquisition of the LIBS spectrometer;
the Raman spectrum subsystem is responsible for Raman laser emission and Raman signal reception and comprises a liquid core waveguide tube, a window glass slide, a Raman objective lens, a Raman dichroic mirror, an interference optical filter, a Raman beam expanding lens, a Raman laser, a Rayleigh optical filter, a Raman fiber coupling lens, a Raman receiving fiber, a Raman spectrometer, a total reflection mirror and a seal; one end of the liquid core waveguide tube is attached to the window glass slide, the other end of the liquid core waveguide tube is attached to the total reflection mirror, and the total reflection mirror is reinforced and fixed by a seal;
the sample injection subsystem is used for sending a test liquid sample (injection: astronaut urine) to the LIBS subsystem and the Raman spectrum subsystem for analysis; the sample introduction subsystem consists of a connecting hose, a liquid inlet device, an electric piston, a stepper motor, a flow inlet pipe, a liquid inlet and a sealing cover; introducing the test liquid sample into a liquid inlet device through a liquid inlet, and covering a sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the inlet pipe is communicated with the liquid core waveguide tube, and the inlet pipe is connected with the liquid inlet device through the connecting hose; the stepper motor can drive the electric piston to move horizontally in the liquid inlet device, and the test liquid sample is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow tube;
the collecting subsystem is used for collecting the test liquid sample in the microgravity environment of the space station to prevent the environment from being polluted; the collecting subsystem consists of a direct current power supply, an electric cathode, a hemispherical cover, an outflow pipe, an electric anode, a waste liquid box and a window glass slide; the outflow pipe is communicated with the liquid core waveguide pipe; the inner wall of the hemispherical cover is provided with an electric cathode, and the inlet of the waste liquid tank is provided with an electric anode; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply are respectively connected with the electric anode and the electric cathode to maintain an electric field between the electric anode and the electric cathode; the test liquid sample in the liquid core waveguide tube is sprayed to the electric cathode along the spraying axis through the outflow tube, so that the test liquid sample with negative charges is attracted to the electric anode under the action of an electric field and enters the waste liquid tank; the semispherical cover is provided with a window glass slide, so that LIBS test is facilitated;
the LIBS laser can emit a narrow pulse laser beam with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left along the optical main shaft, the narrow pulse laser beam passes through the dichroic mirror after being expanded by the beam expander (the diameter of the obtained laser beam is matched with the entrance pupil of the microscope objective), passes through the dichroic mirror, passes through the microscope objective and a window glass slide, and can be focused to a test liquid sample (such as the urine of a astronaut) at a focusing test point, an LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point is transmitted to the right along the optical main shaft, sequentially passes through the window glass slide and the microscope objective, is transmitted along a receiving optical axis after being reflected by the dichroic mirror, is focused by the optical fiber coupling mirror, enters a receiving optical fiber and is transmitted to the LIBS spectrometer for;
the Raman laser can emit a certain wavelength lambda from right to left along the main axis of the Raman optics1Is connected withA laser beam is expanded by a Raman beam expander (the diameter of the obtained laser beam is matched with the entrance pupil of a Raman microscope objective), then the laser beam passes through an interference filter to obtain a narrow-frequency Raman laser beam, then the narrow-frequency Raman laser beam passes through the Raman dichroic mirror, passes through the Raman microscope objective and passes through a window glass slide, and can be focused into a liquid core waveguide tube to test a liquid sample (such as astronauts urine), a Raman forward scattering signal excited at a focusing point is transmitted leftwards along the axis of the liquid core (the axis of the liquid core is completely superposed with a Raman optical main shaft) and continuously collides with molecules in the test liquid sample to obtain accumulation and reinforcement, after the Raman forward scattering signal is transmitted to a total reflection mirror, the Raman forward scattering signal is transmitted rightwards along the axis of the liquid core through reflection, and continuously collides with the molecules in the test liquid sample again, the Raman scattering signal is further reinforced, and after the laser beam sequentially passes through the window glass slide and the Raman microscope, the, transmitting along Raman receiving optical axis, filtering with Rayleigh filter to remove wavelength λ1The Raman scattered light after the pumping light enters a Raman receiving optical fiber through the focusing of a Raman optical fiber coupling mirror and is transmitted into a Raman spectrometer for analysis;
the main controller is used for starting and closing the direct-current power supply, the LIBS laser, the Raman laser, the delay controller, the LIBS spectrometer and the Raman spectrometer, sending a control instruction to the stepper motor, setting working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer and the Raman spectrometer, and receiving spectral data of the LIBS spectrometer and the Raman spectrometer for analysis;
the invention provides a method for detecting creatinine, protein, urea and transition metal in astronaut urine based on liquid core waveguide Raman and LIBS spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) continuous sample introduction of test liquid
Introducing a test liquid sample (injection: astronaut urine) into the liquid inlet device through the liquid inlet, and covering the sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the main controller sends an instruction to start the direct current power supply and then sends a control instruction to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate to the right in the liquid inlet device, and the test liquid sample is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow tube; the sample introduction process is continuously carried out, and the whole test process is continued until the test is finished;
(2) joint spectral test initialization
When the whole liquid core waveguide tube is filled with the test liquid sample along the liquid core axis, the main controller sets the working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer; then starting a delay controller, wherein the delay controller firstly starts the LIBS laser according to a preset delay value and then starts the LIBS spectrometer; then, the main controller sends out an instruction to start the Raman laser and the Raman spectrometer and set working parameters of the Raman spectrometer;
(3) dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS testing
The LIBS laser emits narrow pulse laser with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left, the narrow pulse laser is expanded by a beam expander, then passes through a dichroic mirror, passes through a microscope objective and a window glass slide, and is focused to a test liquid sample (such as astronaut urine) at a focusing test point, an LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point is transmitted rightwards along an optical main shaft, sequentially passes through the window glass slide and the microscope objective, is reflected by the dichroic mirror, is transmitted along a receiving optical axis, is focused by an optical fiber coupling mirror to enter a receiving optical fiber and is transmitted to an LIBS spectrometer, the LIBS spectrometer transmits LIBS spectral data to a main controller in real time, and the main controller continuously collects and stores dynamic liquid core wave LIBS spectral data along with continuous sample injection;
(4) dynamic liquid core waveguide raman testing
While the LIBS test is carried out, the Raman laser emits a certain wavelength lambda from right to left1The continuous laser beam is expanded by a Raman beam expander and then passes through an interference filter to obtain a narrow-frequency Raman laser beam, then the narrow-frequency Raman laser beam passes through a Raman dichroic mirror, passes through a Raman microscope objective and passes through a window glass, and is focused into a liquid core waveguide tube to test a liquid sample (such as astronaut urine), a Raman forward scattering signal excited at a focusing point is transmitted leftwards along the axis of the liquid core and continuously collides with molecules in the test liquid sample to obtain accumulation and reinforcement, the Raman forward scattering signal is transmitted rightwards along the axis of the liquid core after being transmitted to a full-reflecting mirror through reflection, and continuously collides with the molecules in the test liquid sample again to further reinforce the Raman scattering signal, and the Raman forward scattering signal sequentially passes through the window glass and the Raman microscope, is reflected by the Raman dichroic mirror, is transmitted along the Raman receiving axis, and is filtered by the filter to remove the waveLength is lambda1The Raman scattering light after the pumping light enters the Raman receiving optical fiber through the focusing of the Raman fiber coupling mirror and is transmitted into the Raman spectrometer, the Raman spectrometer transmits Raman spectrum data to the main controller in real time, and the main controller continuously collects and stores the dynamic liquid core waveguide Raman spectrum data along with the continuous sampling;
(5) real-time collection of waste liquid
In the testing process, sample introduction is continuously carried out; the test liquid sample in the liquid core waveguide tube is sprayed to the electric cathode along the spraying axis through the outflow tube, so that the test liquid sample with negative charges is attracted to the electric anode under the action of an electric field and enters the waste liquid tank;
(6) test end and data post-processing
When the electric piston moves to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device in a translation way, the whole liquid inlet device is free from a test liquid sample, and the test is finished; the main controller sends out an instruction to close the delay controller, the LIBS laser and the LIBS spectrometer; then the main controller sends out an instruction to close the Raman laser and the Raman spectrometer; the main controller carries out statistical accumulation processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS spectral data to obtain LIBS signal detection of trace metals such as copper, sodium and the like in urine reflecting health conditions of astronauts; the main controller carries out statistical accumulation and average processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide Raman spectrum data to obtain Raman spectrum signals which reflect the health condition of the astronauts and are related to the contents of creatinine, protein and urea in urine of the astronauts, and the signal data are compared with health indexes; fusing the LIBS spectral analysis result and the Raman spectral analysis result, thereby realizing the real-time diagnosis of partial physiological indexes of the astronauts;
(7) post-treatment of residual waste liquid
The main controller sends a control command to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate leftwards in the liquid inlet device until reaching the leftmost position of the liquid inlet device; opening the sealing cover, introducing clean water into the liquid inlet device through the liquid inlet, and covering the sealing cover after the introduction is finished; the main controller sends a control instruction to the stepper motor to drive the electric piston to slowly translate to the right in the liquid inlet device, clean water is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube through the connecting hose and the inflow pipe, meanwhile, residual waste liquid in the liquid core waveguide tube is pressed into the collecting subsystem to be collected until the electric piston translates to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device, at the moment, only clean water exists in the liquid core waveguide tube, the main controller sends an instruction, and the direct-current power supply is disconnected.
The method has the advantages that the method for detecting the urine component of the astronaut can simultaneously realize the enhancement of a weak Raman signal and the accumulation of multipoint repeated micro-area LIBS (laser induced breakdown spectroscopy) measurement signals, and the statistical measurement of a large amount of samples can be realized, so that the urine component detection of the astronaut is more reliable; a direct current electric field method is adopted in waste liquid collection, so that the requirement under the microgravity environment is met; and finally, clean water is adopted for cleaning the liquid core, so that the requirements of environmental protection and sanitation are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention, in which: 1-direct current power supply; 2-an electric cathode; 3-a hemispherical cover; 4-injection axis; 5-a flow outlet pipe; 6-liquid core waveguide; 7-liquid core axis; 8-inflow pipe; 9-control port B; 10-microscope objective; 11-optical principal axis; 12-dichroic mirror; 13-laser external trigger port; 14-beam expander; 15-LIBS laser; 16-spectrometer external trigger port; 17-fiber coupled mirror; 18-receiving fiber; 19-LIBS spectrometer; 20-connecting hose; 21-liquid inlet device; 22-test liquid sample; 23-electric piston; 24-stepper motor; 25-main controller; 26-time delay controller; 27-control port A; 28-an electrical anode; 29-waste tank; 30-collection subsystem; 31-LIBS subsystem; 32-sample introduction subsystem; 33-receive optical axis; 34-a liquid inlet; 35-sealing cover; 36-focus test point; 37-window slide; 38-Raman spectrometer; 39-raman receiving fiber; 40-Raman fiber coupling mirror; 41-Rayleigh filter; 42-Raman receive optical axis; 43-Raman spectroscopy subsystem; 44-Raman laser; 45-Raman beam expander; 46-interference filter; 47-Raman dichroic mirror; 48-Raman optical principal axis; 49-Raman objective; 50-window slide; 51-total reflection mirror; 52-seal.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1.
The detection system for creatinine, protein, urea and transition metal in the urine of the astronaut based on the liquid core waveguide Raman and LIBS combined spectrum mainly comprises a main controller 25, a collection subsystem 30, an LIBS subsystem 31, a Raman spectrum subsystem 43 and a sample injection subsystem 32;
the LIBS subsystem 31 is responsible for LIBS laser emission and LIBS signal reception, and is composed of a microscope objective lens 10, a dichroic mirror 12, a beam expander 14, a LIBS laser 15, an optical fiber coupling mirror 17, a receiving optical fiber 18, a LIBS spectrometer 19 and a delay controller 26; the delay controller 26 is provided with a control port A27 and a control port B9 which are respectively connected with a spectrometer external trigger port 16 of the LIBS spectrometer 19 and a laser external trigger port 13 of the LIBS laser 15; the delay controller 26 sends out a pulse signal with a certain delay through the control port a27 and the control port B9 to adjust the delay between the light output of the LIBS laser 15 and the signal acquisition of the LIBS spectrometer 19;
the raman spectrum subsystem 43 is responsible for raman laser emission and raman signal reception, and is composed of a liquid core waveguide tube 6, a window glass 50, a raman objective 49, a raman dichroic mirror 47, an interference filter 46, a raman beam expanding lens 45, a raman laser 44, a rayleigh filter 41, a raman fiber coupling lens 40, a raman receiving fiber 39, a raman spectrometer 38, a holophote 51 and a seal 52; one end of the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is attached to the window glass slide 50, the other end is attached to the total reflection mirror 51, and the total reflection mirror 51 is reinforced and fixed by a seal 52;
the sample injection subsystem 32 is used for sending the test liquid sample 22 (injection: astronaut urine) to the LIBS subsystem 31 and the Raman spectrum subsystem 43 for analysis; the sample introduction subsystem 32 consists of a connecting hose 20, a liquid inlet device 21, an electric piston 23, a stepper motor 24, an inflow pipe 8, a liquid inlet 34 and a sealing cover 35; the test liquid sample 22 is led into the liquid inlet device 21 through the liquid inlet 34, and the sealing cover 35 is covered after the liquid inlet is finished; the inflow pipe 8 is communicated with the liquid core waveguide tube 6, and the connection hose 20 connects the inflow pipe 8 with the liquid inlet device 21; the stepper motor 24 can drive the electric piston 23 to move horizontally in the liquid inlet device 21, and slowly push the test liquid sample 22 into the liquid core waveguide tube 6 through the connecting hose 20 and the inlet tube 8;
the collecting subsystem 30 is used for collecting the test liquid sample 22 in the microgravity environment of the space station to prevent the environment from being polluted; the collecting subsystem 30 consists of a direct current power supply 1, an electric cathode 2, a hemispherical cover 3, an outflow pipe 5, an electric anode 28, a waste liquid box 29 and a window glass slide 37; the outflow pipe 5 is communicated with the liquid core waveguide pipe 6; the inner wall of the hemispherical cover 3 is provided with an electric cathode 2, and the inlet of a waste liquid box 29 is provided with an electric anode 28; the positive pole and the negative pole of the direct current power supply 1 are respectively connected with the electric anode 28 and the electric cathode 2 to maintain the electric field between the electric anode 28 and the electric cathode 2; the test liquid sample 22 in the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is sprayed to the electric cathode 2 along the spraying axis 4 through the outflow tube 5, so as to be charged with negative charges, and is attracted to the electric anode 28 and enters the waste liquid tank 29 under the action of an electric field; a window glass slide 37 is arranged on the hemispherical cover 3, so that LIBS test is facilitated;
the LIBS laser 15 can emit a narrow pulse laser beam (with a wavelength of 1064nm, a pulse width of 0.6ns, and a repetition frequency of 300Hz in this embodiment) with a certain wavelength λ from right to left along the optical main shaft 11, and after being expanded by the beam expander 14 (note: the diameter of the obtained laser beam matches with the entrance pupil of the microscope objective 10), the laser beam passes through the dichroic mirror 12 (with a transmission of 1064nm and a reflection of 200 and 950nm in this embodiment), passes through the microscope objective 10 and the window glass 37, and can be focused on the test liquid sample 22 (note: the urine of a astronaut) at the focus test point 36, and the LIBS signal excited at the focus test point 36 is transmitted right along the optical main shaft 11, passes through the window glass 37 and the microscope objective 10 in sequence, is reflected by the dichroic mirror 12, transmitted along the receiving optical axis 33, focused by the fiber coupling mirror 17, enters the receiving fiber 18, and is;
the raman laser 44 may emit a wavelength λ from right to left along the raman optical principal axis 481The continuous laser beam (in this embodiment, a continuous laser beam with a wavelength of 532 nm) is expanded by a Raman beam expander 45 (note: the diameter of the obtained laser beam is matched with the entrance pupil of a Raman microscope objective 49), then passes through an interference filter 46 to obtain a narrow-band Raman laser beam, then passes through a Raman dichroic mirror 47, passes through the Raman microscope objective 49, and passes through a window glass 50The Raman forward scattering signal excited at the focus point is transmitted leftwards along the liquid core axis 7 (note: the liquid core axis 7 is completely coincided with the Raman optical main shaft 48) and continuously collides with molecules in the test liquid sample 22 so as to be accumulated and enhanced, after being transmitted to the total reflection mirror 51, the Raman forward scattering signal is reflected rightwards along the liquid core axis 7 and continuously collides with the molecules in the test liquid sample 22 again, the Raman scattering signal is further enhanced, after sequentially passing through the window glass 50 and the Raman microscope objective 49, after being reflected by the Raman dichroic mirror 47, the Raman forward scattering signal is transmitted along the Raman receiving optical axis 42, and after being filtered by the Rayleigh filter 41, the wavelength is lambda1The raman scattered light after the pumping light enters a raman receiving fiber 39 through the focusing of a raman fiber coupling mirror 40 and is transmitted into a raman spectrometer 38 for analysis;
the main controller 25 is configured to start and close the dc power supply 1, the LIBS laser 15, the raman laser 44, the delay controller 26, the LIBS spectrometer 19, and the raman spectrometer 38, send a control instruction to the stepper motor 24, set working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer 19 and the raman spectrometer 38, and receive spectrum data of the LIBS spectrometer 19 and the raman spectrometer 38 for analysis;
the invention provides a method for detecting creatinine, protein, urea and transition metal in astronaut urine based on liquid core waveguide Raman and LIBS spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) continuous sample introduction of test liquid
Introducing a test liquid sample 22 (injection: astronaut urine) into the liquid inlet device 21 through the liquid inlet 34, and covering the sealing cover 35 after the introduction is finished; the main controller 25 sends an instruction to start the direct current power supply 1, and then sends a control instruction to the stepper motor 24 to drive the electric piston 23 to slowly translate rightward in the liquid inlet device 21, and slowly push the test liquid sample 22 into the liquid core waveguide tube 6 through the connecting hose 20 and the inflow tube 8; the sample introduction process is continuously carried out, and the whole test process is continued until the test is finished;
(2) joint spectral test initialization
When the test liquid sample 22 fills the entire liquid core waveguide 6 along the liquid core axis 7, the main controller 25 sets the operating parameters of the LIBS spectrometer 19; then starting a delay controller 26, wherein the delay controller 26 starts the LIBS laser 15 first and then starts the LIBS spectrometer 19 according to a preset delay value; then, the main controller 25 sends an instruction to start the raman laser 44 and the raman spectrometer 38, and sets working parameters of the raman spectrometer 38;
(3) dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS testing
The LIBS laser 15 emits narrow pulse laser with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left, the narrow pulse laser is expanded by the beam expander 14, then the narrow pulse laser passes through the dichroic mirror 12, passes through the microscope objective 10 and passes through the window glass 37, and is focused to a test liquid sample 22 (such as the urine of a astronaut) at the focusing test point 36, the LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point 36 is transmitted to the right along the optical main shaft 11, passes through the window glass 37 and the microscope objective 10 in sequence, is reflected by the dichroic mirror 12, is transmitted along the receiving optical axis 33, is focused by the fiber coupling mirror 17, enters the receiving optical fiber 18, and is transmitted to the LIBS spectrometer 19, the LIBS spectrometer 19 transmits LIBS spectral data to the main controller 25 in real time, and the main controller 25 continuously collects and stores the dynamic liquid core wave LIBS spectral data along with continuous sample;
(4) dynamic liquid core waveguide raman testing
While performing the dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS test, the raman laser 44 emits a certain wavelength λ from right to left1The continuous laser beam is expanded by a Raman beam expander 45 and then passes through an interference filter 46 to obtain a narrow-frequency Raman laser beam, then passes through a Raman dichroic mirror 47, passes through a Raman microscope objective 49 and passes through a window glass 50, and is focused to a liquid core waveguide 6 to test a liquid sample 22 (such as astronauts' urine), a Raman forward scattering signal excited at a focusing point is transmitted leftwards along a liquid core axis 7 and continuously collides with molecules in the test liquid sample 22 to obtain accumulation and reinforcement, the Raman forward scattering signal is transmitted rightwards along the liquid core axis 7 through reflection after being transmitted to a total reflection mirror 51 and continuously collides with the molecules in the test liquid sample 22 again, the Raman scattering signal is further reinforced, sequentially passes through the window glass 50 and the Raman microscope objective 49, is reflected by the Raman dichroic mirror 47 and then transmitted along a Raman receiving optical axis 42, and is filtered by a filter 41 to obtain a wavelength of lambda-Rayleigh1Raman scattered light after pumping light passes through the Raman fiber coupling mirror40, the dynamic liquid core waveguide Raman spectrum data is focused into a Raman receiving optical fiber 39 and transmitted into a Raman spectrometer 38, the Raman spectrometer 38 transmits the Raman spectrum data to the main controller 25 in real time, and the main controller 25 continuously collects and stores the dynamic liquid core waveguide Raman spectrum data along with continuous sampling;
(5) real-time collection of waste liquid
In the testing process, sample introduction is continuously carried out; the test liquid sample 22 in the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is sprayed to the electric cathode 2 along the spraying axis 4 through the outflow tube 5, so as to be charged with negative charges, and is attracted to the electric anode 28 and enters the waste liquid tank 29 under the action of an electric field;
(6) test end and data post-processing
When the electric piston 23 is translated to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device 21, the whole liquid inlet device 21 has no test liquid sample 22, and the test is finished; the main controller 25 sends out an instruction to close the delay controller 26, the LIBS laser 15 and the LIBS spectrometer 19; then the main controller 25 sends out an instruction to turn off the Raman laser 44 and the Raman spectrometer 38; the main controller 25 performs statistical accumulation processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide LIBS spectral data to obtain LIBS signal detection of trace metals such as copper, sodium and the like in urine reflecting health conditions of astronauts; the main controller 25 performs statistical accumulation and average processing on the obtained multiple groups of dynamic liquid core waveguide Raman spectrum data to obtain Raman spectrum signals reflecting the health condition of the astronauts and related to the contents of creatinine, protein and urea in urine of the astronauts, and compares the signal data with health indexes; fusing the LIBS spectral analysis result and the Raman spectral analysis result, thereby realizing the real-time diagnosis of partial physiological indexes of the astronauts;
(7) post-treatment of residual waste liquid
The main controller 25 sends a control instruction to the stepper motor 24 to drive the electric piston 23 to slowly translate leftwards in the liquid inlet device 21 until reaching the leftmost position of the liquid inlet device 21; opening the sealing cover 35, leading clean water into the liquid inlet device 21 through the liquid inlet 34, and covering the sealing cover 35 after leading is completed; the main controller 25 sends a control instruction to the stepper motor 24 to drive the electric piston 23 to slowly translate rightward in the liquid inlet device 21, clean water is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube 6 through the connecting hose 20 and the inflow pipe 8, meanwhile, residual waste liquid in the liquid core waveguide tube 6 is pressed into the collection subsystem 30 to be collected, and the process is finished until the electric piston 23 translates to the bottom of the right side in the liquid inlet device 21, at the moment, only clean water exists in the liquid core waveguide tube 6, the main controller 25 sends an instruction, and the direct current power supply 1 is disconnected.
Claims (1)
1. A space station astronaut urine combined spectrum detection system comprises a main controller (25), a collection subsystem (30), an LIBS subsystem (31), a Raman spectrum subsystem (43) and a sample introduction subsystem (32); the method is characterized in that:
the LIBS subsystem (31) is responsible for LIBS laser emission and LIBS signal reception and comprises a microscope objective (10), a dichroic mirror (12), a beam expander (14), an LIBS laser (15), an optical fiber coupling mirror (17), a receiving optical fiber (18), an LIBS spectrometer (19) and a time delay controller (26); the delay controller (26) is provided with a control port A (27) and a control port B (9) which are respectively connected with a spectrometer external trigger port (16) of the LIBS spectrometer (19) and a laser external trigger port (13) of the LIBS laser (15); the delay controller (26) sends out a pulse signal with certain delay through a control port A (27) and a control port B (9) to adjust the delay between the light output of the LIBS laser (15) and the signal acquisition of the LIBS spectrometer (19);
the Raman spectrum subsystem (43) is responsible for Raman laser emission and Raman signal reception and comprises a liquid core waveguide tube (6), a first window glass slide (50), a Raman objective lens (49), a Raman dichroic mirror (47), an interference filter (46), a Raman beam expander (45), a Raman laser (44), a Rayleigh filter (41), a Raman fiber coupling mirror (40), a Raman receiving fiber (39), a Raman spectrometer (38), a total reflection mirror (51) and a seal (52); one end of the liquid core waveguide tube (6) is attached to the first window glass slide (50), the other end of the liquid core waveguide tube is attached to the total reflection mirror (51), and the total reflection mirror (51) is reinforced and fixed by a seal (52);
the sample injection subsystem (32) is used for sending the test liquid sample (22) to the LIBS subsystem (31) and the Raman spectrum subsystem (43) for analysis; the sample introduction subsystem (32) consists of a connecting hose (20), a liquid inlet device (21), an electric piston (23), a stepper motor (24), a flow inlet pipe (8), a liquid inlet (34) and a sealing cover (35); a test liquid sample (22) is led into the liquid inlet device (21) through the liquid inlet (34), and the sealing cover (35) is covered after the liquid inlet is finished; the inflow pipe (8) is communicated with the liquid core waveguide tube (6), and the inflow pipe (8) is connected with the liquid inlet device (21) through the connecting hose (20); the stepper motor (24) can drive the electric piston (23) to move in the liquid inlet device (21) in a translation way, and the test liquid sample (22) is slowly pushed into the liquid core waveguide tube (6) through the connecting hose (20) and the inflow tube (8);
the collecting subsystem (30) is used for collecting the test liquid sample (22) in the space station microgravity environment to prevent the environment from being polluted; the collecting subsystem (30) consists of a direct-current power supply (1), an electric cathode (2), a hemispherical cover (3), a flow outlet pipe (5), an electric anode (28), a waste liquid box (29) and a second window glass slide (37); the outflow pipe (5) is communicated with the liquid core waveguide pipe (6); an electric cathode (2) is arranged on the inner wall of the hemispherical cover (3), and an electric anode (28) is arranged at the inlet of a waste liquid tank (29); the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply (1) are respectively connected with the electric anode (28) and the electric cathode (2) to maintain an electric field between the electric anode (28) and the electric cathode (2); the test liquid sample (22) in the liquid core waveguide tube (6) is sprayed to the electric cathode (2) along the spraying axis (4) through the outflow tube (5) so as to be charged with negative charges, and is attracted to the electric anode (28) and enters the waste liquid tank (29) under the action of an electric field; a second window glass slide (37) is arranged on the hemispherical cover (3) to facilitate LIBS test;
the LIBS laser (15) can emit a narrow pulse laser beam with a certain wavelength lambda from right to left along an optical main shaft (11), after being expanded by a beam expander (14), the narrow pulse laser beam passes through a dichroic mirror (12), passes through a microscope objective (10) and passes through a second window glass slide (37), can be focused to a test liquid sample (22) at a focusing test point (36), a LIBS signal excited at the focusing test point (36) is transmitted to the right along the optical main shaft (11), sequentially passes through the second window glass slide (37) and the microscope objective (10), is reflected by the dichroic mirror (12), is transmitted along a receiving optical axis (33), is focused by an optical fiber coupling mirror (17) to enter a receiving optical fiber (18), and is transmitted to a LIBS spectrometer (19) for analysis;
the Raman laser (44) can emit a certain wavelength lambda from right to left along the Raman optical main shaft (48)1The continuous laser beam is expanded by a Raman beam expander (45), then passes through an interference filter (46) to obtain a narrow-band Raman laser beam, then passes through a Raman dichroic mirror (47), passes through a Raman objective lens (49) and passes through a first window glass slide (50), and then can be condensedThe Raman forward scattering signal excited at the focus point is transmitted leftwards along the liquid core axis (7) and continuously collides with molecules in the test liquid sample (22) after being transmitted to a total reflection mirror (51), is transmitted rightwards along the liquid core axis (7) through reflection, and continuously collides with the molecules in the test liquid sample (22) again, the Raman scattering signal is further enhanced, sequentially passes through a first window glass sheet (50) and a Raman objective lens (49), is transmitted along a Raman receiving optical axis (42) after being reflected by a Raman dichroic mirror (47), is filtered by a Rayleigh filter (41) to have the wavelength of lambda, and is transmitted along the Raman receiving optical axis (42)1The Raman scattered light after the pumping light enters a Raman receiving optical fiber (39) through the focusing of a Raman optical fiber coupling mirror (40) and is transmitted into a Raman spectrometer (38) for analysis;
the main controller (25) is used for starting and closing the direct current power supply (1), the LIBS laser (15), the Raman laser (44), the delay controller (26), the LIBS spectrometer (19) and the Raman spectrometer (38), sending a control instruction to the stepper motor (24), setting working parameters of the LIBS spectrometer (19) and the Raman spectrometer (38), and receiving spectrum data of the LIBS spectrometer (19) and the Raman spectrometer (38) for analysis.
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